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Si-based polymer-derived ceramics for energy conversion and storage

Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第2期11卷 197-246页

作者： Qingbo WEN fangmu qu Zhaoju YU Magdalena GRACZYK-ZAJAC Xiang XIONG Ralf RIEDEL State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Materials Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramic Fibers(Xiamen University)Ministry of EducationXiamen 361005China Technische Universität Darmstadt Institut für MaterialwissenschaftOtto-Berndt-Straβe 3D-64287DarmstadtGermany EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Durlacher Allee 9376131 KarlsruheGermany

Since the 1960s,a new class of Si-based advanced ceramics called polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs)has been widely reported because of their unique capabilities to produce various ceramic materials(e.g.,ceramic fibers,ceramic matrix composites,foams,films,and coatings)and their versatile applications.Particularly,due to their promising structural and functional properties for energy conversion and storage,the applications of PDCs in these fields have attracted much attention in recent years.This review highlights the recent progress in the PDC field with the focus on energy conversion and storage applications.Firstly,a brief introduction of the Si-based polymer-derived ceramics in terms of synthesis,processing,and microstructure characterization is provided,followed by a summary of PDCs used in energy conversion systems(mainly in gas turbine engines),including fundamentals and material issues,ceramic matrix composites,ceramic fibers,thermal and environmental barrier coatings,as well as high-temperature sensors.Subsequently,applications of PDCs in the field of energy storage are reviewed with a strong focus on anode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries.The possible applications of the PDCs in Li–S batteries,supercapacitors,and fuel cells are discussed as well.Finally,a summary of the reported applications and perspectives for future research with PDCs are presented.

关键词： polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs) high-temperature resistance structural properties electrochemical properties microstructure

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Time-Periodic Solutions to quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems on General Networks

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 41-72页

作者： Peng qu School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

For quasilinear hyperbolic systems on general networks with time-periodic boundary-interface conditions with a dissipative structure,the existence and stability of the time-periodic classical solutions are discussed.

关键词： Time-periodic solution quasilinear hyperbolic system General net-work Classical solution Asymptotic stability

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Flat jet electrochemical milling of TC4 alloy with tailoring backward parallel flow

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 574-592页

作者： Huanghai KONG Ningsong qu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

In flat jet electrochemical milling, the electrolyte forms a backward parallel flow after impacting the workpiece, resulting in a weak current density distribution on the workpiece. Poor surface quality usually occurs on the machined titanium alloy surface because it inevitably suffers from the weak current density. In this study, a method of flat jet electrochemical milling with tailoring the backward parallel flow was proposed to eliminate the negative effects caused by the weak current density. Multiphysics simulations are carried out to comprehend the mechanism of flat jetEC milling with tailoring backward parallel flow and better construct the novel tool electrode.Experiments on flat jet electrochemical milling of TC4 alloy with and without tailoring backward parallel flow are conducted. The results reveal that, compared with flat jet electrochemical milling without tailoring backward parallel flow, the recommended tool reduces the surface roughness by86% to 93%, and improves the material removal rate by 93% to 163% with different feed rates.Additionally, the recommended tool is more conducive to maintaining the inherent hardness of the material. Finally, a surface with low Sa of 0.37 μm is obtained.

关键词： Flat jet electrochemical milling TC4 alloy Surface roughness Micro-hardness Material removal rate

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Physiological and psychological responses to tended plant communities with varying color characteristics

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 183-201页

作者： Siyuan Zheng Yanzhen Zhou Haiyan qu School of Architecture and Urban Planning Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168People’s Republic of China

Exposure to plants has been reported to promote health and reduce stress,and plant color has direct impacts on physical and mental health.We used images of common types of tended plant communities in Shenyang,China,with combinations of yellow,green,and red foliage,as experimental stimuli.A total of 27 images were used as visual stimuli.We used electroencephalography to measureαwave activity(8-13 Hz)in 40 subjects while they viewed visual stimuli.These data were combined with subjective questionnaire data to analyze the relaxing effect of images of tended plant communities with different color types and proportions on people.The results revealed that,although there were slight differences between the electroencephalography and psychological findings,women were significantly more relaxed than men after viewing the images.Physiological and psychological responses varied with the types and proportions of colors in the tended plant communities:those of foliage with combinations of two or three colors induced stronger responses than images with a single color.Specifically,(1)for one-color plant communities,green or yellow plant communities induced a stronger relaxation effect than red plant communities;(2)for two-color plant communities,the optimal color proportion was 55%+45%,and the green+yellow and green+red color combinations induced a stronger relaxation effect;(3)for three-color plant communities,the relaxation effect was strongest when the color proportion was 55%green+25%yellow+20%red.These data would provide a plant color matching in future plant landscape design,which may be helpful for creating healthy and relaxing environments.

关键词： Plant community Color type Color ratio Electroencephalography Subjective questionnaire

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Bacterial Cellulose/Zwitterionic Dual-network Porous Gel Polymer Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 596-605页

作者：侯朝霞 WANG Haoran qu Chenying Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Materials Research and Development School of Mechanical EngineeringShenyang UniversityShenyang 110044China

Bacterial cellulose(BC)was innovatively combined with zwitterionic copolymer acrylamide and sulfobetaine methacrylic acid ester[P(AM-co-SBMA)]to build a dual-network porous structure gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)with high ionic conductivity.The dual network structure BC/P(AM-co-SBMA)gels were formed by a simple one-step polymerization method.The results show that ionic conductivity of BC/P(AM-co-SBMA)GPEs at the room temperature are 3.2×10^(-2) S/cm@1 M H_(2)SO_(4),4.5×10^(-2) S/cm@4 M KOH,and 3.6×10^(-2) S/cm@1 M NaCl,respectively.Using active carbon(AC)as the electrodes,BC/P(AM-co-SBMA)GPEs as both separator and electrolyte matrix,and 4 M KOH as the electrolyte,a symmetric solid supercapacitors(SSC)(AC-GPE-KOH)was assembled and testified.The specific capacitance of AC electrode is 173 F/g and remains 95.0%of the initial value after 5000 cycles and 86.2%after 10,000 cycles.

关键词： bacterial cellulose zwitterion gel polymer electrolytes ionic conductivity dual-network structure

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Effects of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the secondary seed dispersal in the Tengger Desert,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第4期16卷 531-549页

作者： qu Wenjie ZHAO Wenzhi YANG Xinguo WANG Lei ZHANG Xue qu Jianjun Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Ecology and Environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role.Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,China,we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability.Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed(TWS).The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species,whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest.Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS.During the secondary seed dispersal processes,the proportions of seeds that did not disperse(no dispersal)and only dispersed over short distance(short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section)were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried(including lost seeds)and dispersed over long distance(long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section).Compared with other habitats,the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal.Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes,whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance.The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance,smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther.Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds.The explanatory power of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance,implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex.In summar

关键词： seed dispersal seed morphological traits wind speed vegetation regeneration wind tunnel Tengger Desert

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Earthquake potential across the North–South seismic belt of China

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 179-182页

作者： Yanchuan Li Xinjian Shan Chunyan qu Guohong Zhang Xiaogang Song State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China

The elastic rebound theory,which frames our understanding of earthquakes,suggests that the accumulated elastic strain on faults will ultimately be released through earthquakes[1].As such,identifying the location,rate,and accumulation of slip deficit on faults constitutes a basis for seismic potential assessment[2].Interseismic coupling(ISC)refers to the ratio of the slip deficit rate on a fault to the far-field loading rate,where full and no coupling correspond to 100%and 0%slip deficits,respectively.

关键词： seismic belt fault

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Digitalizing river aquatic ecosystems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 677-680页

作者： Yaohui Bai Hui Lin Chenchen Wang Qiaojuan Wang Jiuhui qu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Tianjin Chengjian UniversityTianjin 300384China Center for Water and Ecology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Traditional river health assessment relies on limited water quality indices and representative organism activity,but does not comprehensively obtain biotic and abiotic information of the ecosystem.Here,we propose a new approach to evaluate the ecological and health risks of river aquatic ecosystems.First,detailed physicochemical and biological characterization of a river ecosystem can be obtained through pollutant determination(especially emerging pollutants)and DNA/RNA sequencing.Second,supervised machine learning can be applied to perform classification analysis of characterization data and ascertain river ecosystem ecology and health.Our proposed methodology transforms river ecosystem health assessment and can be applied in river management.

关键词： Digitalizing River ecosystem health Emerging pollutants High throughput sequencing Machine learning

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A Review on the Mullins Effect in Tough Elastomers and Gels

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 181-214页

作者： Lin Zhan Shaoxing qu Rui Xiao MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering College of Mechanics and Construction EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Tough elastomers and gels have garnered broad research interest due to their wide-ranging potential applications.However,during the loading and unloading cycles,a clear stress softening behavior can be observed in many material systems,which is also named as the Mullins effect.In this work,we aim to provide a complete review of the Mullins effect in soft yet tough materials,specifically focusing on nanocomposite gels,double-network hydrogels,and multi-network elastomers.We first revisit the experimental observations for these soft materials.We then discuss the recent developments of constitutive models,emphasizing novel developments in the damage mechanisms or network representations.Some phenomenological models will also be briefly introduced.Particular attention is then placed on the anisotropic and multiaxial modeling aspects.It is demonstrated that most of the existing models fail to accurately predict the multiaxial data,posing a significant challenge for developing future anisotropic models tailored for tough gels and elastomers.

关键词： Mullins effect Double-network hydrogels Nanocomposite gels Multi-network elastomers Anisotropic damage model Multiaxial model

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The dual-action mechanism of Arabidopsis cryptochromes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 883-896页

作者： Gao-Ping qu Bochen Jiang Chentao Lin Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Chemistry Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

Photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs) mediate blue-light regulation of plant growth and development. It has been reported that Arabidopsis CRY1and CRY2 function by physically interacting with at least 84 proteins, including transcription factors or co-factors, chromatin regulators, splicing factors, messenger RNA methyltransferases, DNA repair proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein kinases and so on. Of these 84 proteins, 47 have been reported to exhibit altered binding affinity to CRYs in response to blue light, and 41 have been shown to exhibit condensation to CRY photobodies. The blue light-regulated composition or condensation of CRY complexes results in changes of gene expression and developmental programs. In this mini-review, we analyzed recent studies of the photoregulatory mechanisms of Arabidopsis CRY complexes and proposed the dual mechanisms of action, including the “Lock-and-Key” and the “Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS)” mechanisms. The dual CRY action mechanisms explain, at least partially, the structural diversity of CRY-interacting proteins and the functional diversity of the CRY photoreceptors.

关键词： Arabidopsis blue light cryptochrome CRY1 CRY2 phaseseparation

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