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Dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte enables lithium-oxygen battery enduring saturated water vapor

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 511-519,I0014页

作者： Yinan Zhang fangling jiang Hao jiang Osamu Yamamoto Tao Zhang State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049.China Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Department of Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringMie UniversityTsu 514-8507Japan

Li-O_(2) batteries gain widespread attention as a can didate for next-generati on energy storage devices due to their extraordinary theoretic specific energy.The semi-open structure of Li-O_(2) batteries causes many parasitic reactions,especially related to water.Water is a double-edged sword,which destroys Li anode and simultaneously triggers a solution-based pathway of the discharge product.In this work,hexamethyldisilazane(HMDS)is introduced into the electrolyte of an aprotic Li-O_(2) battery.HMDS has a strong ability to combine with a trace of water to gen erate a hydrophobic hexamethyldisiloxa ne(MM),which eliminates water from the electrolyte decomposition and then prevents the Li anode from producing the insulating LiOH with water.In this case,the hydrophobic MM disperses in the ether-based electrolyte,forming a dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte.This electrolyte can anchor water from the environment on the cathode side,which triggers a solution-based pathway and regulates the growth morphology of the discharge product and consequently increases the discharge capacity.Compared with the Li-O_(2) battery without the HMDS,the HMDS-containing Li-O_(2) battery contributes an about 13-fold increase of cyclability(400 cycles,1800 h)in the extreme environment of saturated water vapor.This work opens a new approach for directly operating aprotic Li-O_(2) batteries in ambient air.

关键词： Hexamethyldisilazane Dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte Saturated water vapor pressure Li-O2 battery Long life

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Influence of Fe on electrocatalytic activity of iron-nitrogendoped carbon materials toward oxygen reduction reaction

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第5期16卷 812-821页

作者： Lin LI Cehuang FU Shuiyun SHEN fangling jiang Guanghua WEI Junliang ZHANG Institute of Fuel Cells School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The development of highly active nitrogendoped carbon-based transition metal(M-N-C)compounds for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)greatly helps reduce fuel cell cost,thus rapidly promoting their commercial applications.Among different M-N-C electrocatalysts,the series of Fe-N-C materials are highly favored because of their high ORR activity.However,there remains a debate on the effect of Fe,and rare investigations focus on the influence of Fe addition in the second heat treatment usually performed after acid leaching in the catalyst synthesis.It is thus very critical to explore the influences of Fe on the ORR electrocatalytic activity,which will,in turn,guide the design of Fe-N-C materials with enhanced performance.Herein,a series of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts are synthesize and the influence of Fe on the ORR activity are speculated both experimentally and theoretically.It is deduced that the active site lies in the structure of Fe-N4,accompanied with the addition of appropriate Fe,and the number of active sites increases without the occurrence of agglomeration particles.Moreover,it is speculated that Fe plays an important role in stabilizing N as well as constituting active sites in the second pyrolyzing process.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction Fe-N-C active sites Fe addition second heat treatment

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Hydrogen-assisted scalable preparation of ultrathin Pt shells onto surfactant-free and uniform Pd nanoparticles for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction in practical fuel cells

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 1892-1900页

作者： Liuxuan Luo Cehuang Fu Aiming Wu Zechao Zhuang Fengjuan Zhu fangling jiang Shuiyun Shen Xiyang Cai Qi Kang Zhifeng Zheng Chenyi Hu Jiewei Yin Guofeng Xia Junliang Zhang Institute of Fuel Cells Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOESchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China The State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal AgeingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Concentrating active Pt atoms in the outer layers of electrocatalysts is a very effective approach to greatly reduce the Pt loading without compromising the electrocatalytic performance and the total electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in hydrogen-based proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.Accordingly,a facile,low-cost,and hydrogen-assisted two-step method is developed in this work,to massively prepare carbon-supported uniform,small-sized,and surfactant-free Pd nanoparticles(NPs)with ultrathin~3-atomic-layer Pt shells(Pd@Pt_(3L) NPs/C).Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations,electrochemical analyses,fuel cell tests,and density functional theory calculations reveal that,benefiting from the ultrathin Pt-shell nanostructure as well as the resulting ligand and geometric effects,Pd@Pt_(3L) NPs/C exhibits not only significantly enhanced ECSA,electrocatalytic activity,and noble-metal(NM)utilization compared to commercial Pt/C,showing 81.24 m^(2)/gPt,0.710 mA/cm^(2),and 352/577 mA/mgNM/Pt in ECSA,area-,and NM-/Pt-mass-specific activity,respectively;but also a much better electrochemical stability during the 10,000-cycle accelerated degradation test.More importantly,the corresponding 25-cm^(2) H2-air/O_(2) fuel cell with the low cathodic Pt loading of~0.152 mgPt/cm^(2)geo achieves the high power density of 0.962/1.261 W/cm^(2)geo at the current density of only 1,600 mA/cm^(2)geo,which is much higher than that for the commercial Pt/C.This work not only develops a high-performance and practical Pt-based ORR electrocatalyst,but also provides a scalable preparation method for fabricating the ultrathin Pt-shell nanostructure,which can be further expanded to other metal shells for other energy-conversion applications.

关键词： palladium platinum oxygen reduction reaction core@shell nanostructure scalable preparation proton-exchange membrane fuel cell

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Temperature-dependent structural changes of[Bmim]FeCl4 magnetic ionic liquid characterized by an in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第3期31卷 801-804页

作者： fangling jiang Hao Peng Cheng Li Haiying Fu Guozhong Wu Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Fuel CellsShanghai 200240China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

The temperature-dependent structural changes in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoride([Bmim]FeCl4)magnetic ionic liquid(MIL)were investigated by using in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)combined with Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations.XAFS re sults revealed that the coordination number and bond length of Fe-Cl in the anion of[Bmim]FeCl4 MIL decreased with increments in temperature.These results directly reflected the dissociation of tetrahedral structure[FeCl4]^-,and the formation of bridge-chain[Fe2 Cl5]^+,and[FeCl2]^+species in the anion of[Bmim]FeCl4 MIL.These behaviors indicated that[FeCl4]^-dissociation was endothermic,and was promoted by increased temperature.The results obtained through XAFS were in agreement with those obtained through Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

关键词： Magnetic ionic liquids Temperature-dependent Structure Change XAFS

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Structural analysis of [Bmim]_2CuCl_4 ionic liquids in the presence of water and ethanol by XAFS technique

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第4期58卷 716-721页

作者： fangling jiang Cheng Li Haiying Fu Yaxing Wang Xiaojing Guo Guozhong Wu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The structure of [Bmim]2Cu Cl4 ionic liquids(Bmim: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) with different ratios of H2 O and C2H5 OH was investigated using X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) technique. In this study, XAFS was employed to directly probe the conformational variations of copper ions in [Bmim]2Cu Cl4 with the addition of either water or ethanol. XAFS analysis confirmed that the structure of ionic liquids gradually transformed from tetrahedral to octahedral configuration with the increase in ratio of H2 O. Our results also showed that water molecules coordinated with the copper ions of [Bmim]2Cu Cl4, leading to the conformational change in ionic liquids. However, the XAFS spectra of [Bmim]2Cu Cl4/C2H5 OH indicated no coordination of anhydrous ethanol with the copper ions of [Bmim]2Cu Cl4. The structure of [Bmim]2Cu Cl4 ionic liquids is maintained as the tetrahedral configuration in presence of ethanol. Therefore, anhydrous ethanol causes little variation in the structure of ionic liquids and it is a good solvent for the dilution of ionic liquids.

关键词：离子液体结构分析 XAFS 无水乙醇技术入水 X射线吸收精细结构 C2H5OH

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Local Coordination and Reactivity of a Pt Single-Atom Catalyst as Probed by Spectroelectrochemical and Computational Approaches

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第12期3卷 241-251页

作者： Kun jiang Xian-Yin Ma Seoin Back Jiajun Zhao fangling jiang Xianxian Qin Junliang Zhang Wen-Bin Cai Institute of Fuel Cells Interdisciplinary Research CenterSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200438 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899

The interaction between isolated transition-metal atoms and neighboring dopants in single-atom catalysts(SACs)plays a key role in adsorption strength tuning and catalytic performance engineering.Clarifying the local c... 详细信息

关键词： platinum single-atom catalyst coordination environment spectroelectrochemistry carbon monoxide density functional theory

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番茄果胶裂解酶基因SlPL参与调控裂果机制研究

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园艺学报 2024年第2期51卷 295-308页

作者：仲钊江吴震周蓉朱为民杨学东于筱薇徐艳高扬杨蒋芳玲南京农业大学园艺学院南京210095 上海市农业科学院园艺研究所上海201403

以裂果率差异极显著的番茄为材料,分析了SlPL(Solyc03g111690)基因的表达差异,进一步利用基因遗传转化对其进行功能验证。结果表明,SlPL在易裂番茄‘NT189’中的表达量显著高于耐裂番茄‘NT91’;在番茄果实中的表达量显著高于根、茎、... 详细信息

以裂果率差异极显著的番茄为材料,分析了SlPL(Solyc03g111690)基因的表达差异,进一步利用基因遗传转化对其进行功能验证。结果表明,SlPL在易裂番茄‘NT189’中的表达量显著高于耐裂番茄‘NT91’;在番茄果实中的表达量显著高于根、茎、叶、花等器官,且在果实转色期和红熟期表达量较高;通过灌水处理和ABA处理诱导果实开裂,发现在相同处理时期,易裂果材料果实中SlPL表达量总体显著高于耐裂果材料。通过遗传转化获得SlPL过表达(OEPL)和敲除(pl)的株系,与野生型相比,OEPL更易裂果,且果实硬度显著降低,pl果实硬度升高。OEPL果实中原果胶含量显著低于野生型,水溶性果胶含量显著高于野生型,pl果实中原果胶和总果胶含量显著高于野生型;OEPL果实中果胶裂解酶活性显著高于野生型,pl果实中果胶裂解酶活性显著低于野生型。基因表达分析发现,OEPL果实中细胞壁代谢相关基因SlPG2、SlPME2.1、SlCel2、SlGH9C5和乙烯合成途径相关基因SlACS4、SlACO1的相对表达量显著高于野生型,pl果实中则相反。pl果实中乙烯响应因子SlERF2的相对表达量显著高于野生型。果皮显微结构观察发现,与野生型相比,OEPL表皮层细胞和薄壁细胞排列稀疏,而pl果皮细胞排列更为紧密。

关键词：番茄裂果 SlPL 功能验证

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生物刺激素对麻江红蒜生长及产量和品质的影响

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中国蔬菜 2024年第1期 81-89页

作者：王梦丽韦静静周世洋吴庆桃李茂贵周蓉蒋芳玲吴震南京农业大学园艺学院江苏南京210095 农业农村部华东地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室江苏南京210095 贵州省麻江县农业农村局贵州麻江557600

采用田间试验方法,以麻江红蒜为试材,选用4种生物刺激素(海藻精、氨基酸、甲壳丰、海精灵),在红蒜苗期设置不同喷施浓度处理以及在全生育期设置不同喷施次数处理(苗期喷施1次、苗期和抽薹期各喷施1次、苗期、抽薹期和鳞茎膨大期各喷施1... 详细信息

采用田间试验方法,以麻江红蒜为试材,选用4种生物刺激素(海藻精、氨基酸、甲壳丰、海精灵),在红蒜苗期设置不同喷施浓度处理以及在全生育期设置不同喷施次数处理(苗期喷施1次、苗期和抽薹期各喷施1次、苗期、抽薹期和鳞茎膨大期各喷施1次),研究生物刺激素对麻江红蒜生长及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施0.25 g·L^(-1)海藻精、1 g·L^(-1)氨基酸、0.5 g·L^(-1)海精灵,麻江红蒜的株高、假茎长、假茎粗显著增加,鳞茎产量和可溶性糖含量分别较对照提高15.08%~19.42%和19.17%~26.66%。喷施3次海藻精、氨基酸、海精灵可显著提高麻江红蒜的株高、假茎粗、叶宽和鳞茎产量。喷施次数试验中,4种生物刺激素对鳞茎可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、VC和大蒜素含量均有不同程度的提高效果。综上,在麻江红蒜苗期喷施0.25 g·L^(-1)海藻精、1 g·L^(-1)氨基酸或0.5 g·L^(-1)海精灵,增产提质效果好。在麻江红蒜全生育期(苗期、抽薹期、鳞茎膨大期)喷施3次生物刺激素,增产效果更佳。

关键词：生物刺激素麻江红蒜生长产量品质

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单一及组合引发剂对甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

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中国蔬菜 2024年第4期 64-73页

作者：崔孟雪蒋芳玲周蓉李慧孟秀芳张育才曹钰鑫邬美娟吴震南京农业大学园艺学院江苏南京210095 宁夏塞上江南农业科技有限公司宁夏中卫755000

以宁夏地区甜瓜主栽品种花兰柿老化种子为材料,选用3种引发剂(5 g·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)、2 g·L^(-1)MnSO_(4)·H_(2)O、1.25 g·L^(-1)水溶性壳聚糖)对甜瓜种子进行单一及组合渗透引发处理,探讨不同种类引发剂对甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影... 详细信息

以宁夏地区甜瓜主栽品种花兰柿老化种子为材料,选用3种引发剂(5 g·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)、2 g·L^(-1)MnSO_(4)·H_(2)O、1.25 g·L^(-1)水溶性壳聚糖)对甜瓜种子进行单一及组合渗透引发处理,探讨不同种类引发剂对甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,筛选最优的引发剂。标准发芽试验结果表明:单一和组合引发剂处理均能显著促进老化甜瓜种子发芽,其中,组合引发剂5 g·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)+2 g·L^(-1)MnSO_(4)·H_(2)O处理的甜瓜种子活力指数显著高于对照和其他处理。穴盘育苗结果表明:组合引发剂可提高甜瓜幼苗质量,显著增加幼苗的茎粗、总鲜质量、总干质量和壮苗指数,组合引发剂5 g·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)+2 g·L^(-1)MnSO_(4)·H_(2)O(T4)和5 g·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)+1.25 g·L^(-1)水溶性壳聚糖(T5)处理的壮苗指数分别是对照CK1的2.00倍和1.89倍。T5处理对幼苗叶片光合色素含量提升幅度最大,幼苗根系活力最高。主成分分析筛选结果表明T5处理效果最佳。本研究筛选出的组合引发剂能有效改善老化甜瓜种子活力,促进幼苗生长,增强幼苗素质,可为甜瓜高质量集约化育苗提供技术支持。

关键词：引发剂甜瓜种子萌发幼苗生长主成分分析

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Disassembly of the fruit cell wall by the ripening-associated polygalacturonase and expansin influences tomato cracking

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1545-1559页

作者： fangling jiang Alfonso Lopez Shinjae Jeon Sergio Tonetto de Freitas Qinghui Yu Zhen Wu John M.Labavitch Shengke Tian Ann L.T.Powell Elizabeth Mitcham Department of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis 95616USA Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services Chuncheon 200-150South Korea Institute of Vegetables Xinjiang Academy of AgriculturalSciences830091 UrumchiChina College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University310058 HangzhouChina

Fruit cracking is an important problem in horticultural crop production.Polygalacturonase(SlPG)and expansin(SlEXP1)proteins cooperatively disassemble the polysaccharide network of tomato fruit cell walls during ripening and thereby,enable softening.A Golden 2-like(GLK2)transcription factor,SlGLK2 regulates unripe fruit chloroplast development and results in elevated soluble solids and carotenoids in ripe fruit.To determine whether SlPG,SlEXP1,or SlGLK2 influence the rate of tomato fruit cracking,the incidence of fruit epidermal cracking was compared between wild-type,Ailsa Craig(WT)and fruit with suppressed SlPG and SlEXP1 expression(pg/exp)or expressing a truncated nonfunctional Slglk2(glk2).Treating plants with exogenous ABA increases xylemic flow into fruit.Our results showed that ABA treatment of tomato plants greatly increased cracking of fruit from WT and glk2 mutant,but not from pg/exp genotypes.The pg/exp fruit were firmer,had higher total soluble solids,denser cell walls and thicker cuticles than fruit of the other genotypes.Fruit from the ABA treated pg/exp fruit had cell walls with less water-soluble and more ionically and covalently-bound pectins than fruit from the other lines,demonstrating that ripening-related disassembly of the fruit cell wall,but not elimination of SlGLK2,influences cracking.Cracking incidence was significantly correlated with cell wall and wax thickness,and the content of cell wall protopectin and cellulose,but not with Ca^(2+)content.

关键词： fir walls cracking

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