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Investigating missing sources of glyoxal over China using a regional air quality model (RAMS-CMAQ)

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 108-118页

作者： Jialin Li Meigen Zhang Guiqian Tang fangkun wu Leonardo M.A. Alvarado Mihalis Vrekoussis Andreas Richter John P. Burrows State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPQ) Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing IUP University of Bremen D-28203 Bremen Germany Center of Marine Environmental Sciences MARUM University of Bremen D-28203 Bremen Germany Energy Environment and Water Research Center the Cyprus Institute CY2121 Nicosia Cyprus

Currently, modeling studies tend to significantly underestimate observed space-based glyoxal （CHOCHO） vertical column densities （VCDs）, implying the existence of missing sources of giyoxal. Several recent studies suggest that the emissions of aromatic compounds and molar yields of glyoxal in the chemical mechanisms may both be underestimated, which can affect the simulated glyoxal concentrations. In this study, the influences of these two factors on glyoxal amounts over China were investigated using the RAMS-CMAQ modeling system for January and July 2014. Four sensitivity simulations were performed, and the results were compared to satellite observations. These results demonstrated significant impacts on glyoxal concentrations from these two factors. In case 1, where the emissions of aromatic compounds were increased three-fold, improvements to glyoxal VCDs were seen in high anthropogenic emissions regions. In case 2, where molar yields of glyoxal from isoprene were increased five-fold, the resulted concentrations in July were B-B-fold higher, achieving closer agreement between the modeled and measured glyoxal VCDs. The combined changes from both cases 1 and 2 were applied in case B, and the model succeeded in further reducing the underestimations of glyoxal VCDs. However, the results over most of the regions with pronounced anthropogenic emissions were still underestimated. So the molar yields of giyoxal from anthropogenic precursors were considered in case 4. With these additional mole yield changes （a two-fold increase）, the improved concentrations agreed better with the measurements in regions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River in January but not in July.

关键词： Glyoxal Volatile organic compounds Molar yields RAMS-CMAQ China

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Organic composition of gasoline and its potential effects on air pollution in North China

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第9期58卷 1416-1425页

作者： Guiqian Tang Jie Sun fangkun wu Yang Sun Xiaowan Zhu Yejun Geng Yuesi Wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences China Petroleum Engineering Co. Ltd. (CPE)

When gasoline is burned to power an automotive engine, a portion of the fuel remains unburned or is partially burned and leaves the engine as hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. In addition, a small portion of the fuel can escape the vehicle through evaporation. Changes in alkanes, olefins and aromatics each affect emissions differently, which could complicate control strategies for air pollution. In this study, we collected 31 gasoline samples over five provinces and cities(Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Shaanxi) in North China between 2012 and 2013. The organic composition of the gasoline samples was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method, and the aniline compounds were analyzed by solvent extraction and the GC-MS method. The ratios of alkanes, aromatics, olefins and other organic compounds in gasoline were 40.6%, 38.1%, 12.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The aromatic and benzene exceedances were 15 and 8 based on the China's gasoline standards(III), and they accounted for 48.4% and 25.8% of all the gasoline samples, respectively. Strong carcinogen aniline compounds were detected in all 31 samples, and the content of aniline compounds in 3 samples exceeded 1%. The high proportion of aromatics and olefins in the gasoline increased the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO) and toxics, as well as the atmospheric photochemical reactivity of exhaust emissions, which could hasten the formation of secondary pollutants. Our results are helpful for redefining government strategies to control air pollution in North China and relevant for developing new refining technology throughout China.

关键词：汽油标准大气污染中国北方有机成分苯胺类化合物气相色谱-质谱法 GC-MS法汽车发动机

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Optical,Radiative and Chemical Characteristics of Aerosol in Changsha City,Central China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第12期37卷 1310-1322,I0005-I0011页

作者： Xiaoyan wu Jinyuan XIN Wenyu ZHANG Chongshui GONG Yining MA Yongjing MA Tianxue WEN Zirui LIU Shili TIAN Yuesi WANG fangkun wu College of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Industrial pollution has a significant effect on aerosol properties in Changsha City,a typical city of central China.Therefore,year-round measurements of aerosol optical,radiative and chemical properties from 2012 to 2014 at an urban site in Changsha were analyzed.During the observation period,the energy structure was continuously optimized,which was characterized by the reduction of coal combustion.The aerosol properties have obvious seasonal variations.The seasonal average aerosol optical depth(AOD)at 500 nm ranged from 0.49 to 1.00,single scattering albedo(SSA)ranged from 0.93 to 0.97,and aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere(TOA)ranged from−24.0 to 3.8 W m^−2.The chemical components also showed seasonal variations.Meanwhile,the scattering aerosol,such as organic carbon,SO42−,NO3−,and NH4+showed a decrease,and elemental carbon increased.Compared with observation in winter 2012,AOD and TOA decreased by 0.14 and−1.49 W m^−2 in winter 2014.The scattering components,SO42−,NO3−and NH4+,decreased by 12.8μg m^−3(56.8%),9.2μg m^−3(48.8%)and 6.4μg m^−3(45.2%),respectively.The atmospheric visibility and pollution diffusion conditions improved.The extinction and radiative forcing of aerosol were significantly controlled by the scattering aerosol.The results indicate that Changsha is an industrial city with strong scattering aerosol.The energy structure optimization had a marked effect on controlling pollution,especially in winter(strong scattering aerosol).

关键词： aerosol optical properties radiative forcing chemical composition

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QTL mapping for grain number per spikelet in wheat using a high-density genetic map

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1108-1114页

作者： Yu Lin Xiaojun Jiang Haiyan Hu Kunyu Zhou Qing Wang Shifan Yu Xilan Yang Zhiqiang Wang fangkun wu Shihang Liu Caixia Li Mei Deng Jian Ma Guangdeng Chen Yuming Wei Youliang Zheng Yaxi Liu State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China WenjiangChengdu 611130SichuanChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiangChengdu 611130SichuanChina School of Life Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiang 453003HenanChina College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiangChengdu 611130SichuanChina

Grain number per spikelet (GNS) is a key determinant of grain yield in wheat.A recombinant inbred line population comprising 300 lines was developed from a cross between a high GNS variety H461 and Chinese Spring from which the reference genome assembly of bread wheat was obtained.Both parents and the recombinant inbred lines were genotyped using the wheat 55K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) array.A high-density genetic map containing 21,197 SNPs was obtained.These markers covered each of the 21 chromosomes with a total linkage distance of 3792.71 c M.Locations of these markers in this linkage map were highly consistent with their physical locations in the genome assembly of Chinese Spring.The two parents and the whole RIL population were assessed for GNS in two consecutive years at two different locations.Based on multi-environment phenotype data and best liner unbiased prediction values,three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GNS were identified.One of them located on chromosomes 2B and the other two on 2D.Phenotypic variation explained by these loci varied from 3.07%to26.57%.One of these QTL,QGns.sicau-2D-2,was identified in each of all trials conducted.Based on the best linear unbiased prediction values,this locus explained 19.59%–26.57%of phenotypic variation.A KASP(Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) marker closely linked with this locus was generated and used to validate the effects of this locus in three different genetic backgrounds.The identified QTL and the KASP marker developed for it will be highly valuable in fine-mapping the locus and in exploiting it for markerassisted selection in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Chinese Spring Grain number per spikelet High-density map KASP Quantitative trait locus

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中国黄海西岸海陆风循环结构研究

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2021年第1期14卷 14-21页

作者： Yongxiang Ma Jinyuan Xin Xiaoling Zhang Lindong Dai Klaus Schaefer Shigong Wang Yuesi Wang Zifa Wang fangkun wu Xinrui wu Guangzhou Fan Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina

陆海风是由于海陆表面之间的比热容不同而导致的昼夜热量分布差异,从而在海岸附近引发的大气中尺度循环系统.本文利用多普勒风激光雷达Windcube100s首次对黄海西海岸的海陆风的循环结构进行了观测研究.在2018年8月31日至9月28日观测期... 详细信息

陆海风是由于海陆表面之间的比热容不同而导致的昼夜热量分布差异,从而在海岸附近引发的大气中尺度循环系统.本文利用多普勒风激光雷达Windcube100s首次对黄海西海岸的海陆风的循环结构进行了观测研究.在2018年8月31日至9月28日观测期间发现,海陆风发展高度一般在700 m至1300 m.海陆风转化持续的时间为6小时至8小时.在425m高度,海风水平风速出现最大值,平均为5.6 m s^(-1).陆风最大水平风速出现在370 m,约为4.5 ms^(-1).最大风切变指数在1300m处,为2.84;在陆风向海风转换过程中,最大风切变指数在700m处,为1.28.在同一高度上,风切变指数在海风盛行和陆风盛行时的差值范围为0.2-3.6,风切变能反映出海陆风的发展高度.

关键词：海陆风垂直风速循环结构多普勒风廓线激光雷达黄海

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Investigating missing sources of glyoxal over China using a regional air quality model（RAMS-CMAQ）

Investigating missing sources of glyoxal over China using a ...

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第十三届全国气溶胶会议

作者： Jialin Li Meigen Zhang Guiqian Tang fangkun wu Leonardo Alvarad Mihalis Vrekoussis Andreas Richter John.P.Burrows State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing IUPUniversity of Bremen Center of Marine Environmental Sciences MARUMUniversity of Bremen Energy Environment and Water Research Centerthe Cyprus Institute

Glyoxal（CHOCHO） is one of the volatile organic compounds（VOC） precursors of secondary organic aerosol（SOA）.Currently, modeling studies tend to significantly underestimate observed spacebased glyoxal vertical column densities（VCDs）, implying the existence of missing sources of glyoxal.Several recent studies suggest that aromatic emissions and molar yields of glyoxal in the chemical mechanisms may both be underestimated, which affect the glyoxal simulations.In this study, the influences of these two factors on glyoxal amounts over China were investigated using the RAMS-CMAQ modeling system for January and July 2014.Four sensitivity simulations were performed, and the results were compared to satellite observations.These results demonstrated significant impacts from these two factors.In case 1, where aromatic emissions were increased three-fold, improvements to glyoxal VCDs were seen in high anthropogenic emissions regions.In case 2, where molar yields of glyoxal from biogenic precursors were increased five-fold, the concentration results in July were 3–5-fold higher, achieving closer agreement between the modeled and measured distributions of glyoxal VCDs.The combined changes from both cases 1 and 2 were applied in case 3, and the model succeeded in further reducing the underestimations of glyoxal VCDs.However, the results over most of the regions with pronounced anthropogenic emissions were still not comparable to observations.So the molar yields of glyoxal from anthropogenic precursors were considered in case 4.With these additional yield changes（a two-fold increase）, the concentrations improved in regions of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River.

关键词： glyoxal volatile organic compounds molar yields RAMS-CMAQ China

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呼和浩特市夏季挥发性有机物污染特征及其臭氧生成敏感性分析

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气候与环境研究 2023年第6期28卷 630-640页

作者：韩家兴朱伟彬吴方堃郝峰谢非王鹏徐曼刘子锐岳彩英中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大学北京100049 内蒙古自治区环境监测总站干旱半干旱区减污降碳监管评估实验室呼和浩特010011

为了探究呼和浩特市夏季大气挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)对臭氧(O3)生成的影响,基于2021年夏季VOCs和O3高时间分辨率在线监测数据,开展VOCs组成特征、来源解析以及采用基于观测的光化学箱模型对O3超标日的O3敏感性... 详细信息

为了探究呼和浩特市夏季大气挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)对臭氧(O3)生成的影响,基于2021年夏季VOCs和O3高时间分辨率在线监测数据,开展VOCs组成特征、来源解析以及采用基于观测的光化学箱模型对O3超标日的O3敏感性和前体物的管控策略进行了研究。结果表明,观测期间呼和浩特市总挥发性有机物(Total Volatile Organic Compounds,TVOCs)平均值为21.10±9.38 ppb(1 ppb=10-9),其中含氧挥发性有机物(Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds,OVOCs)占比最高(36.3%),其次为烷烃(23.8%)、卤代烃(16.8%)和炔烃(10.4%);芳香烃和烯烃的占比较低,分别仅为6.6%和6.1%。根据正交矩阵因子分析(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)源解析结果,呼和浩特市VOCs的来源主要有柴油车尾气源、汽油车尾气源、溶剂使用源、天然气及燃烧源、生物排放源和液化石油气使用源,其贡献率分别为19.8%、18.2%、17.6%、16.3%、15.4%和12.7%。通过相对增量反应性(Relative Incremental Reactivity,RIR)和经验动力学方法(Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach,EKMA)曲线分析,呼和浩特市夏季O3超标日O3的生成处于VOCs控制区,烯烃和芳香烃是RIR值最大的VOCs组分。通过模拟不同VOC排放源的削减情景,结果表明削减机动车相关排放源对管控O3污染的效果最好。

关键词：挥发性有机物来源解析臭氧生成敏感性减排方案

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不同原理分析仪观测大气中氮氧化物对比研究

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环境工程学报 2010年第4期4卷 865-869页

作者：吴方堃刘全王跃思孙杨兰州大学大气科学学院兰州730000 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

氮氧化物(NOx)是大气二次光化学污染臭氧的重要前体物,但目前对其总量和分量的测量仍存在着一些难以解决的问题。选择3种不同原理的市售氮氧化物分析仪在广东和北京进行比对观测实验,从而比较其各自的优缺点及适用性。结果表明,钼转化法... 详细信息

氮氧化物(NOx)是大气二次光化学污染臭氧的重要前体物,但目前对其总量和分量的测量仍存在着一些难以解决的问题。选择3种不同原理的市售氮氧化物分析仪在广东和北京进行比对观测实验,从而比较其各自的优缺点及适用性。结果表明,钼转化法(MC)测得的NOx比光转化法(LC)及液相化学发光法(LPC)所测得的值都明显偏高,可近似认为是NOy。LPC检测NO2时受到PAN等含有—NO2生色基团的干扰,结果比LC略高。LC测得的NOx值与实际大气最为接近。MC测定的NOx比实际值高,但能满足空气质量指标监测的需求;LC能够准确测定大气中的NOx,但造价太高,仅适用于大气化学机理研究;而LPC原理的仪器适合于短时间的航测、高塔和系留艇进行垂直梯度观测。

关键词：氮氧化物分析仪钼转化法光转化法液相化学发光法

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WheatRS：一个小麦品系比较试验数据的综合分析软件

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四川农业大学学报 2023年第1期41卷 146-152+174+153+157页

作者：武方琨王智强石浩然侯帅周婉琳周红李彩霞刘长闯刘刚牛兴奎刘亚西四川农业大学小麦研究所某部副食品供应站西南作物基因资源挖掘与利用国家重点实验室

【目的】开发出一个基于品系比较试验数据的综合性分析软件，能够对试验数据完成筛选、可视化等分析，同时能够交互性地依据品比试验数据构建产量模型，实现特定区域的产量预测及品种评估。【方法】软件采用R语言及相关函数包，基于Shin... 详细信息

【目的】开发出一个基于品系比较试验数据的综合性分析软件，能够对试验数据完成筛选、可视化等分析，同时能够交互性地依据品比试验数据构建产量模型，实现特定区域的产量预测及品种评估。【方法】软件采用R语言及相关函数包，基于Shiny架构设计了一款集数据分析与预测为一体的小麦品比试验分析软件。【结果】目前，该软件版本v. 1.0拥有育种数据的筛选模块、品系信息可视化模块、品种产量及育种潜力分析模块，可通过CSDN资源库下载。【结论】该软件能够对小麦品系比较试验数据进行科学有效的可视化分析及预测分析，交互性强，利于小麦育种工作者的品种选育。

关键词：品系比较试验分析软件可视化 R-Shiny 随机森林

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北京大气中痕量烷烃的浓度分析与研究

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首都师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2006年第5期27卷 44-47,55页

作者：刘欣然郭雪清王跃思姜杰吴方坤中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029 首都师范大学化学系北京100037

采用二步深冷浓缩与气相色谱质谱联用(ACIS-GC/MS)对北京大气中痕量烷烃进行长期连续观测,观测数据表明:日变化有双峰和三峰变化,冬、春呈现与交通高峰吻合的双峰变化,即:上午08:00点至10:00和下午17:00前后各出现一个高值;四季日变化... 详细信息

采用二步深冷浓缩与气相色谱质谱联用(ACIS-GC/MS)对北京大气中痕量烷烃进行长期连续观测,观测数据表明:日变化有双峰和三峰变化,冬、春呈现与交通高峰吻合的双峰变化,即:上午08:00点至10:00和下午17:00前后各出现一个高值;四季日变化中夜间22:00出现第三峰值;夏季变化呈三峰型,最大值在正午前后.季变化峰值出现在夏季,低值出现在冬季.

关键词：痕量烷烃所相色谱/质谱联机日变化月变化季变化

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