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历史遗留矿区农田土壤重金属输入输出平衡研究

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农业环境科学学报 2024年第7期43卷 1492-1502页

作者：赵归梅吴秋梅胡文友黄标祖艳群李元湛方栋云南农业大学资源与环境学院昆明650201 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(南京土壤研究所) 南京210008 中国科学院大学中丹学院北京101408

为探究矿区农田土壤重金属输入与输出通量特征,本试验以长江下游某典型遗留硫铁矿区小流域为研究区域,分析研究区土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr)的空间分布特征,并设置监测田块,核算研究区土壤重金属输入与输出通量及构建含量预测模型... 详细信息

为探究矿区农田土壤重金属输入与输出通量特征,本试验以长江下游某典型遗留硫铁矿区小流域为研究区域,分析研究区土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr)的空间分布特征,并设置监测田块,核算研究区土壤重金属输入与输出通量及构建含量预测模型。结果表明:硫铁矿区小流域土壤重金属污染元素主要是Cd、Cu、Zn,分别有5.88%、33.99%和13.07%的土壤样品超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值(GB 15618—2018),水稻籽粒中Cd和Cr超过《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2017)中限量值的点位比例分别为36.00%和13.33%;土壤Cd、Cu、Zn的空间分布呈现上游矿坑周边及下游水库入口处含量高的趋势,且三者间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.01),而Pb和Cr的空间分布与之不同,其中Cr与其他元素呈现负相关关系;根据监测田块核算,研究区Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的年输入通量分别为15.62、86.63、292.92、325.89、90.30 g·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),年输出通量分别为2.85、0.32、37.20、196.15、5.94 g·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),土壤重金属呈现不断累积的特征;预测Cd和Cu在未来20 a间含量会明显增加,Pb、Zn、Cr反之。综上,加强上游矿区的水源治理,提倡下游农田科学灌溉,减少灌溉水中Cd等重金属输入是土壤重金属污染源头防控的关键。

关键词：硫铁矿区重金属空间分布输入-输出通量预测模型

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UV-B增强后秸秆还田分解对土壤氮转化微生物及酶活性的影响

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农业环境科学学报 2024年第1期43卷 111-121页

作者：李海涛谢春梅刘成前李祖然李元湛方栋何永美云南农业大学资源与环境学院昆明650201 云南农业大学学生处昆明650201 云南农业大学园林园艺学院昆明650201

为明确UV-B辐射增强对水稻秸秆化学成分的影响,阐释UV-B辐射增强后秸秆还田分解特征及其对稻田土壤氮素转化的间接效应,本研究在元阳梯田(海拔1600 m)开展大田试验,以当地水稻品种白脚老粳为研究对象,研究UV-B辐射增强(5.00kJ·m^(-2))... 详细信息

为明确UV-B辐射增强对水稻秸秆化学成分的影响,阐释UV-B辐射增强后秸秆还田分解特征及其对稻田土壤氮素转化的间接效应,本研究在元阳梯田(海拔1600 m)开展大田试验,以当地水稻品种白脚老粳为研究对象,研究UV-B辐射增强(5.00kJ·m^(-2))对水稻秸秆化学成分及其还田后秸秆降解、土壤氮素转化的影响。结果表明:UV-B辐射增强显著降低水稻秸秆纤维素含量,增加木质素含量,提高秸秆木质素/氮;并导致秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮的降解速率总体降低,最大降幅分别达38.7%、18.1%、25.8%。与自然光照秸秆相比,UV-B辐射后的秸秆还田显著降低土壤固氮细菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量,增加土壤蛋白酶、氨单加氧酶、硝酸还原酶活性,提高土壤硝化和反硝化速率。相关性分析表明,秸秆木质素/氮与秸秆降解速率呈极显著负相关;秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮降解速率与硝酸还原酶活性呈显著正相关,后者又与N_(2)O排放通量呈显著正相关;硝化细菌数量与NO_(3)^(-)-N含量呈负相关。研究表明,UV-B辐射增强通过提高秸秆木质素/氮,抑制秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮降解,减少土壤氨化细菌数量,增加氨单加氧酶和硝酸还原酶活性,从而促进土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N向NO_(3)^(-)-N转化,导致N2O排放通量增加。

关键词： UV-B辐射秸秆还田氮转化微生物酶氮含量 N2O

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云南普朗铜矿周边优势草本根际土壤养分与细菌群落结构特征

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微生物学通报 2024年第5期51卷 1566-1582页

作者：李伟李博湛方栋郭佳玮杨继清董恒文杨继华中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司云南昆明650051 云南农业大学资源与环境学院云南昆明650201 云南农业大学建筑工程学院云南昆明650201

【背景】矿产开采会对矿场周边生态环境造成严重影响,探究矿场周边土壤养分及细菌群落结构特点对矿区周边植被恢复具有重要意义。【目的】探究云南香格里拉普朗铜矿矿场周边不同小生境的土壤养分与细菌群落结构特征。【方法】以普朗铜... 详细信息

【背景】矿产开采会对矿场周边生态环境造成严重影响,探究矿场周边土壤养分及细菌群落结构特点对矿区周边植被恢复具有重要意义。【目的】探究云南香格里拉普朗铜矿矿场周边不同小生境的土壤养分与细菌群落结构特征。【方法】以普朗铜矿周边4个小生境(亚高山草甸、山谷草地、矿山林地和亚高山林地)夏季和冬季优势草本植物的根际土壤为研究对象,分析根际土壤的养分与细菌群落结构特征。【结果】矿山林地的草本根际土壤养分含量最高,总体处于中等及以上水平。普朗铜矿周边4个小生境土壤细菌的优势菌门分别为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),相对丰度占比为11.7%-60.4%,优势菌属分别为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、阿菲波菌属(Afipia)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),相对丰度占比为6.1%-53.6%。Mantel分析结果表明,在细菌属水平分类下,土壤有机质对土壤细菌群落有显著影响。【结论】夏季土壤细菌群落相对丰度显著高于冬季(P0.05)。本研究将有助于拓展对矿山生态系统的认识,可为矿区植被恢复和土壤污染治理提供理论依据。

关键词：普朗铜矿亚高山草本土壤细菌群落养分多样性

Subcellular distribution and chemical form of Pb in hyperaccumulator Arenaria orbiculata and response of root exudates to Pb addition

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 250-258页

作者： Yanqun ZU Yuan LI Huan MIN fangdong zhan Li QIN Jixiu WANG College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China

Solution culture was conducted in order to understand accumulation characteristics and chemical forms of Pb in Arenaria orbiculata （A. orbiculata） and the response of root exudates to Pb addition. The results showed that： 1） Pb contents in the shoot and root of A. orbiculata increased with increasing in Pb concentrations in solution. 2） The contents of Pb chemical forms under Pb addition followed as： HAc extractable fraction＇（FriAC）〉 HC1 extractable fraction （FHcl）〉 NaCl extractable fraction （FNacl）〉 ethanol-extractable fraction （FE）〉 water extractable fraction （Fw）. 3） Increased Pb level in the medium caused increases in Pb contents in the four subcellular fractions of shoots and roots, with most accumulation in FIV （Fraction ＇IV, sbluble fraction） in shoots and FI （Fraction I, cell wall fraction） in roots. 4） Contents of soluble sugar and free amino acid of root exudates increased with increasing Pb concentration in solution. Significantly positive correlations between Pb and contents of soluble sugar and free amino acid were observed. 5） With Pb concentrations in solution, low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） contents followed the tendency： tartaric acid 〉 acetic acid 〉 malic acid 〉 citric acid. Significantly positive correlation was observed between Pb and citric acid contents. The results indicate that soluble sugars, free amino acid and citric acid in root exudates of *** facilitate the absorption and accumulation of Pb, which exist in NaCl-, HCI- and HAc- extractable Pb forms, FI and FIV fractions, resulting in tolerance of *** to Pb.

关键词： Pb Arenaria orbiculat'a chemical forms,subcellular distribution root exudates hydroponic c/ilture

石灰与生物炭对污染土壤理化性质、万寿菊生长与镉铅含量的影响

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环境化学 2024年第9期43卷 3092-3102页

作者：孙进博胡玲燕李博陈建军施翠仙祖艳群李元湛方栋云南农业大学资源与环境学院昆明650201 河南省资源环境调查二院郑州450000 云南威鑫农业科技股份有限公司昆明650106

土壤镉铅污染已成为我国主要的环境问题,严重威胁着农业的可持续发展.因此,亟需探索经济、有效的土壤修复技术.采用云南兰坪铅锌矿周边重金属污染的农田土壤开展盆栽试验,研究石灰(2.0 g·kg^(-1))与生物炭(20.0 g·kg^(-1))对土壤理化... 详细信息

土壤镉铅污染已成为我国主要的环境问题,严重威胁着农业的可持续发展.因此,亟需探索经济、有效的土壤修复技术.采用云南兰坪铅锌矿周边重金属污染的农田土壤开展盆栽试验,研究石灰(2.0 g·kg^(-1))与生物炭(20.0 g·kg^(-1))对土壤理化性质、万寿菊(Tageteserecta L.)生长与镉铅累积的影响.结果表明:(1)石灰和生物炭均显著增加土壤pH、碱解氮含量、株高与生物量,单施生物炭还显著增加土壤速效钾含量,导致植株氮磷钾养分含量降低;(2)石灰和生物炭会降低土壤弱酸提取态镉、可还原态铅的含量,增加残渣态镉铅含量,有效态镉含量分别降低23.4%和17.6%,有效态铅含量分别降低32.4%和21.8%;(3)石灰和生物炭降低万寿菊植株镉铅含量与累积量,植株水溶态镉、氯化钠提取态铅含量降低,残渣态镉、铅含量增加,并显著降低万寿菊镉铅富集系数;(4)石灰和生物炭增加万寿菊菊花产量与叶黄素含量,导致叶黄素提取液的铅含量分别降低37.6%和30.3%;单施石灰导致叶黄素提取液的镉含量降低49.3%.可见,石灰和生物炭能改善污染土壤理化性质,降低土壤镉铅有效性与万寿菊植株镉铅含量,促进万寿菊生长,增加菊花产量,促进重金属污染农田的安全利用.

关键词：万寿菊铅锌矿区替代种植碱性材料叶黄素.

施苯菌灵抑制丛枝菌根真菌对污染土壤-玉米系统镉迁移的影响

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土壤 2024年第2期56卷 375-381页

作者：陈起跃曾文增梁新然王磊何永美和成忠涂春霖湛方栋云南农业大学资源与环境学院昆明650201 中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心昆明650111

为探讨土壤丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对污染土壤–作物系统Cd迁移行为的影响,采用云南兰坪铅锌矿周边重金属污染的土壤,开展室内试验,施杀真菌剂(苯菌灵)特异性抑制土壤土著AMF,研究抑制AMF对玉米生长、Cd含量与... 详细信息

为探讨土壤丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对污染土壤–作物系统Cd迁移行为的影响,采用云南兰坪铅锌矿周边重金属污染的土壤,开展室内试验,施杀真菌剂(苯菌灵)特异性抑制土壤土著AMF,研究抑制AMF对玉米生长、Cd含量与累积量、土壤Cd淋溶流失的影响。结果表明:(1)施苯菌灵显著抑制土壤AMF生长,导致AMF侵染率、孢子数、土壤球囊霉素相关蛋白(Glomalin related soil protein,GRSP)含量显著降低;并显著影响玉米生长与矿质营养,玉米地上部生物量、叶绿素与磷含量增加,而地上部氮钾含量降低。(2)施苯菌灵促进Cd向玉米根部和地上部迁移,主要富集在玉米地上部,导致玉米地上部的Cd含量和累积量显著增加。(3)施苯菌灵导致10cm和20cm壤中流的Cd浓度显著增加。此外,土壤GRSP含量与玉米地上部Cd累积量和壤中流的Cd流失浓度均呈极显著负相关。研究结果表明,土壤土著AMF有助于抑制土壤Cd向植株地上部迁移,减少壤中流Cd的流失浓度,降低污染土壤–作物系统Cd的环境迁移。

关键词：重金属污染 AMF 玉米流失镉迁移

Inhibition of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induced increases in cadmium loss via surface runoff and interflow from farmland

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 213-223页

作者： fangdong zhan Wenzeng Zeng Bo Li Zuran Li Jjianjun Chen Yongmei He Yuan Li College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650201Yunnan ProvinceChina College of Horticulture and Landscape Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650201Yunnan ProvinceChina

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)can form symbiotic relationships with most crops,but their impact on the environmental migration of cadmium(Cd)in farmland is limited.A field experiment was per-formed in the rainy season(May-October)for two years in Cd-polluted farmland used for maize cultivation.A fungicide(benomyl)was used to specifically inhibit native AMF growth in the *** growth and Cd uptake of maize and the Cd concentration and loss in runoff and interflow were *** strongly and significantly inhibited AMF colonization rate in maize roots,reduced the contents of total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)in soil and the Cd uptake in maize roots,and increased the Cd uptake in *** Cd was the main form of Cd loss in runoff,while dissolved Cd was the main form of Cd leaching loss at depths of 20 cm and 40 *** AMF increased the Cd concentration in runoff and interflow and promoted dissolved Cd loss in runoff and interflow at 20 cm depth by 34.7%and 68.0%and particulate Cd loss by 46.4%and 19.7%,***,the AMF colonization rate in maize roots and the GRSP content in soil were significantly positively correlated with Cd uptake in roots and negatively correlated with the concentration and loss of Cd in runoff and *** results indicated that the benomyl-induced inhibition of native AMF promoted Cd transfer to maize shoots and increased Cd loss via runoff and interflow from polluted farmland.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Cd-pollutedfarmland Cd uptake Cdmigration Field experiment

Intercropping of Sonchus asper and Vicia faba affects plant cadmium accumulation and root responses

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 457-465页

作者： Yanqun ZU Li QIN fangdong zhan Jiong WU Yuan LI Jianjun CHEN Jixiu WANG Wenyou HU College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201(China) Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China)

The cadmium(Cd)pollution of farmland soil is serious in the *** present study investigated the effects of intercropping Vicia faba and the hyperaccumulator Sonchus asper on the Cd accumulation and root responses(morphology and secreted organic acids)of plants grown on soil from a mining area in Yunnan Province,China,under different Cd stress levels(0,50,100,and 200 mg kg-1).Intercropping increased the biomass of both *** and ***,as well as the Cd accumulation and Cd transfer coefficient from roots to shoots of ***,but decreased those of *** in the 200 mg kg-1Cd *** Cd concentrations in roots,shoots,and grains from intercropped *** plants were positively correlated(P<0.05)with the N,N-diethyl phenylacetamide-extractable Cd content in *** the 50 mg kg-1Cd treatment,intercropping decreased citric and malic acids in root secretions of *** *** secreted more citric,oxalic,acetic,and malic acid compared with *** also increased root length and root surface area of both *** and *** 50 mg kg-1Cd,root length for *** was higher than that at 0 mg kg-1Cd,whereas *** roots had significantly decreased length and mean *** of *** and *** is suggested as an in situ phytoremediation strategy of Cd-contaminated soils and may improve the food quality of ***.

关键词： organic acid phytoremediation root length root surface area transfer coefficient

Effects of Auxin at Different Concentrations on the Growth,Root Morphology and Cadmium Uptake of Maize(Zea mays L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1933-1944页

作者： Lingyan Hu Haiyan Chen Guangqun zhang Zihao Yu Kai Yan fangdong zhan Yongmei He College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650201China

Indoleacetic acid(IAA)is an important regulator that plays a crucial role in plant growth and responses to abiotic *** the present study,a sand cultivation experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of IAA at different concentrations(0,0.01,0.1,0.5,1,and 2.5 mmol/L)on maize growth,root morphology,mineral elements(Ca,Mg)and Cd uptake under 20 mg/kg Cd *** results showed that 0.01 mmol/L is the optimal IAA concentration for enhancing the Cd tolerance of *** with the control treatment,0.01 mmol/L IAA promoted maize growth,with significant increases in the height,shoot and root biomass by 34.6%,25.0%and 16.3%;altered the root morphology,with increases in root length,root tip number,and root tip density by 8.9%,31.4%and 20.7%,respectively;and enhanced the mineral element uptake of maize,resulting in signifi-cant increases in the Ca content in shoots and roots by 640.6%and 1036.4%and in the Mg content in shoots by 205.8%,*** addition,0.01 mmol/L IAA decreased the Cd content and uptake in the shoots by 51.9%and 39.6%,***,the Cd content and uptake exhibited a significant negative correlation with Ca content in roots and a significantly positive correlation with root morphology,and the Cd content in shoots was significantly and negatively correlated with root tip ***,0.01 mmol/L IAA was effective in enhancing the Cd tolerance and plant growth of maize.

关键词： Abiotic stress mineral nutrient plant growth phytohormone root trait