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Darwin3: a large-scale neuromorphic chip with a novel ISA and on-chip learning

National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 29-45页

作者： De Ma Xiaofei Jin Shichun Sun Yitao Li Xundong Wu Youneng Hu fangchao yang Huajin Tang Xiaolei Zhu Peng Lin Gang Pan College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Research Center for Intelligent Computing Hardware Zhejiang Lab The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration Zhejiang University College of Micro-Nano College of Micro-Nano Electronics Zhejiang University

Spiking neural networks(SNNs) are gaining increasing attention for their biological plausibility and potential for improved computational efficiency. To match the high spatial-temporal dynamics in SNNs,neuromorphic chips are highly desired to execute SNNs in hardware-based neuron and synapse circuits directly. This paper presents a large-scale neuromorphic chip named Darwin3 with a novel instruction set architecture, which comprises 10 primary instructions and a few extended instructions. It supports flexible neuron model programming and local learning rule designs. The Darwin3 chip architecture is designed in a mesh of computing nodes with an innovative routing algorithm. We used a compression mechanism to represent synaptic connections, significantly reducing memory usage. The Darwin3 chip supports up to2.35 million neurons, making it the largest of its kind on the neuron scale. The experimental results showed that the code density was improved by up to 28.3× in Darwin3, and that the neuron core fan-in and fan-out were improved by up to 4096× and 3072× by connection compression compared to the physical memory depth. Our Darwin3 chip also provided memory saving between 6.8× and 200.8× when mapping convolutional spiking neural networks onto the chip, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in accuracy and latency compared to other neuromorphic chips.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spiking neural network instruction set architecture connectivity compression

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风电叶片涡流发生器的作用与参数设计

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热力发电 2024年第6期53卷 48-57页

作者：张照煌杨方超李魏魏华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院北京102206

为抑制叶片表面流动分离,提升叶片气动性能,提出在叶片表面安装涡流发生器的设计方案。以DU97-W-300叶片段设置涡流发生器为研究对象,采用正交实验设计方法,探究该叶片段涡流发生器高度、长度、安装角、弦向安装位置、间距、节距对叶片... 详细信息

为抑制叶片表面流动分离,提升叶片气动性能,提出在叶片表面安装涡流发生器的设计方案。以DU97-W-300叶片段设置涡流发生器为研究对象,采用正交实验设计方法,探究该叶片段涡流发生器高度、长度、安装角、弦向安装位置、间距、节距对叶片气动性能的影响,从而确定涡流发生器参数设计基本规律。研究结果表明:影响叶片气动性能大小的涡流发生器参数依次为涡流发生器间距、节距、长度、高度、弦向安装位置、安装角;最优涡流发生器参数组合规律为高度0.75ξ(ξ为叶片边界层厚度)、长度1.60ξ、安装角20.0°、弦向安装位置10%叶片弦长、间距1.60ξ、节距0.80ξ,可以使该叶片最大升力系数增大40%,最大失速攻角增大9.5°。

关键词：涡流发生器正交实验气动性能风电叶片

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设计学视角下的数字时尚发展与逻辑

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服装学报 2024年第2期9卷 127-136页

作者：任若安杨方超孙捷同济大学设计创意学院上海200092 同济大学人文学院上海200092

针对设计学视角下传统时尚向数字时尚转型升级路径模糊的关键性问题,采用理论研究、案例分析等方法,对数字时尚的发展现状、表现形式及实践应用等多个方面进行深入的剖析与探讨,详细阐述了设计学视角下数字时尚发展与逻辑研究的必要性;... 详细信息

针对设计学视角下传统时尚向数字时尚转型升级路径模糊的关键性问题,采用理论研究、案例分析等方法,对数字时尚的发展现状、表现形式及实践应用等多个方面进行深入的剖析与探讨,详细阐述了设计学视角下数字时尚发展与逻辑研究的必要性;通过分析调研案例,运用START模型框架,归纳总结出社会与空间、科技深度融合、人机共创新范式、虚拟与现实、交易与流通5个维度的具体实践方式。研究表明,设计学学科的不断交叉融合发展不仅是驱动数字时尚的创新力量,也是桥接技术与创意、虚拟与现实、商业与艺术的关键纽带。研究结果为设计学视角下的数字时尚研究提供了一定的理论与方法参考,有助于推进设计驱动式创新时尚产业的积极发展。

关键词：设计学数字时尚设计驱动式创新数字化技术数字化设计

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3D‑Printed Carbon‑Based Conformal Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Module for Integrated Electronics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 87-101页

作者： Shaohong Shi Yuheng Jiang Hao Ren Siwen Deng Jianping Sun fangchao Cheng Jingjing Jing Yinghong Chen State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life‑Cycle Safety for Composite Structures School of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNo.100Daxuedong RoadNanning 530004People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversitySichuan UniversityNo.24 South Section 1Yihuan RoadChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China

Electromagnetic interference shielding(EMI SE)modules are the core com-ponent of modern ***,the tra-ditional metal-based SE modules always take up indispensable three-dimensional space inside electronics,posing a major obstacle to the integra-tion of *** innovation of integrating 3D-printed conformal shielding(c-SE)modules with packaging materials onto core electronics offers infinite possibilities to satisfy ideal SE func-tion without occupying additional ***,the 3D printable carbon-based inks with various proportions of graphene and carbon nanotube nanoparticles are well-formulated by manipulating their rheological ***,the free-constructed architectures with arbitrarily-customized structure and multifunctionality are created via 3D *** particular,the SE performance of 3D-printed frame is up to 61.4 dB,simultaneously accompanied with an ultralight architecture of 0.076 g cm^(-3) and a superhigh specific shielding of 802.4 dB cm3 g^(-1).Moreover,as a proof-of-concept,the 3D-printed c-SE module is in situ integrated into core electronics,successfully replacing the traditional metal-based module to afford multiple functions for electromagnetic compatibility and thermal ***,this scientific innovation completely makes up the blank for assembling carbon-based c-SE modules and sheds a brilliant light on developing the next generation of high-performance shielding materials with arbitrarily-customized structure for integrated electronics.

关键词： 3D printing Carbon-based nanoparticles Conformal electromagnetic interference shielding Integrated electronics

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Changes on Stroke Burden Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期37卷 823-833页

作者： Jingyu Wang Yan Wang Xiaohua Liang Keyong Huang fangchao Liu Shufeng Chen Xiangfeng Lu Jianxin Li Department of Epidemiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory DiseaseChongqing 400016China

Objective In recent decades,China has implemented a series of policies to address air *** aimed to assess the health effects of these policies on stroke burden attributable to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methods Joinpoint regression was applied to explore the temporal tendency of stroke burden based on data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 *** The age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life year(DALY)for stroke attributable to ambient PM2.5 in China,increased dramatically during 1990-2012,subsequently decreased at an annual percentage change(APC)of-1.98[95% confidence interval(CI):-2.26,-1.71]during *** ischemic stroke(IS),the age-standardized DALY rates doubled from 1990 to 2014,and decreased at an APC of-0.83(95%CI:-1.33,-0.33)during *** hemorrhage(ICH)showed a substantial increase in age-standardized DALY rates from 1990 to 2003,followed by declining trends,with APCs of-1.46(95%CI:-2.74,-0.16)during 2003-2007 and-3.33(95%CI:-3.61,-3.06)during 2011-2019,***,the age-standardized DALY rates for subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)generally declined during *** Our results clarified the dynamic changes of the ambient PM_(2.5)-attributable stroke burden in China during 1990-2019,highlighting the health effects of air quality improvement policies.

关键词： Ambient fine particulate matter Stroke Disease burden Temporal trend Policy

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采煤机摇臂中心水路工艺的优化分析

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煤矿机电 2017年第5期38卷 64-66,69页

作者：杨方超西安煤矿机械有限公司陕西西安710200

针对采煤机摇臂中心水管漏水的问题,从工艺性角度结合材料的特性,分析了漏水的原因,提出对坡口形式、工艺路线进行优化的设计方案。经实际生产检测,该优化方案可行,实现了对中心水路的焊接,满足了结构设计要求的强度,既解决了焊接难题,... 详细信息

针对采煤机摇臂中心水管漏水的问题,从工艺性角度结合材料的特性,分析了漏水的原因,提出对坡口形式、工艺路线进行优化的设计方案。经实际生产检测,该优化方案可行,实现了对中心水路的焊接,满足了结构设计要求的强度,既解决了焊接难题,又解决了漏水问题。

关键词：摇臂中心水管焊接工艺优化水压测试

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Metabolomics signature of blood pressure salt sensitivity and its link to cardiovascular disease:A dietary salt-intervention trial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1666-1675页

作者： Zhennan Lin Jianxin Li fangchao Liu Jie Cao Shufeng Chen Jichun Chen Keyong Huang Yaqin Wang Hongfan Li Yan Wang Jianfeng Huang Dongfeng Gu Xiangfeng Lu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology Department of EpidemiologyFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijing 100037China Medical School Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Individuals with a high degree of salt sensitivity(SS)have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD),but whether SS fosters CVD by influencing metabolomics homeostasis remains *** study aimed to reveal the role of the SS-related metabolomics signature in the development of CVDs,based on the MetaSalt study,which was a dietary salt-intervention trial conducted at four centers in China in 2019.A total of 528 participants were recruited and underwent 3 days of baseline observations,a 10-day low-salt intervention,and a 10-day highsalt *** untargeted metabolomics,lipidomics,and BP measurements were scheduled at each *** were grouped into extreme SS,moderate SS,and salt-resistant(SR)individuals according to their BP responses to *** mixed models were used to identify SS-related metabolites and determine the relationship between the SS-related metabolomics signature and arterial *** randomization(MR)analyses were applied to establish the causal pathways among the SS-related metabolites,BP,and *** the 713 metabolites,467 were significantly changed after the high-salt *** them,the changes in 30 metabolites from the low-salt to the high-salt intervention differed among the SS *** the remaining nonsalt-related metabolites,the baseline levels of 11 metabolites were related to *** 41 metabolites explained 23%of the variance in ***,SS and its metabolomics signature were positively correlated with arterial *** analyses demonstrated that the SS-related metabolites may affect CVD risk by altering BP,indicating that the increase in BP was the consequence of the changes in SS-related metabolites rather than the *** study revealed that the metabolomics signature of SS individuals differs from that of SR individuals and that the changes in SS-related metabolites may increase arterial stiffness and foster *** study provides insight into understanding the biolog

关键词： salt sensitivity dietary salt intake metabolomics Mendelian randomization cardiovascular disease

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基于深度强化学习的风场中浮空器驻留控制

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北京航空航天大学学报 2024年第7期50卷 2354-2366页

作者：柏方超杨希祥邓小龙侯中喜国防科技大学空天科学学院长沙410073

建立了平流层浮空器区域驻留模型,在有动力和无动力推进的情况下,基于马尔可夫决策过程,将具有优先经验回放的双深度Q学习应用于平流层浮空器区域驻留控制。通过平均区域驻留半径、区域驻留有效时间比等参数来评价区域驻留控制方法的效... 详细信息

建立了平流层浮空器区域驻留模型,在有动力和无动力推进的情况下,基于马尔可夫决策过程,将具有优先经验回放的双深度Q学习应用于平流层浮空器区域驻留控制。通过平均区域驻留半径、区域驻留有效时间比等参数来评价区域驻留控制方法的效果。典型风场中仿真分析结果指出:在区域驻留半径为50 km、区域驻留时间为3天的任务下,无动力推进的平流层浮空器的平均区域驻留半径为28.16 km,区域驻留有效时间比为83%;有动力推进平流层浮空器的平均区域驻留半径可达8.84 km,可实现区域驻留半径为20 km的飞行控制,区域驻留有效时间比为100%。

关键词：平流层浮空器动态风场区域驻留控制深度强化学习动力推进

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Hypertension and human health:Evidence and prospects

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 89-91页

作者： fangchao Liu Xiangfeng Lu Department of Epidemiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina

High blood pressure is a major public health issue and a leading risk factor for death worldwide,with the number of attributable deaths increased from 6.8 million in 1990 to 10.8 million in 2019.1,2 According to the World Health Organization,the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was estimated to be 33%,affecting approximately 1.3 billion adults aged 30–79 years in 2019 worldwide,doubling from 1990.3 In addition to the heavy disease burden,the economic burden associated with hypertension is also substantial,accounting for approximately 10%of the global healthcare expenditure.4 Furthermore,despite improvements in diagnostic and treatment capacities,the status of hypertension care remains suboptimal,especially in low-and middle-income *** instance,in China,in 2019,the awareness,treatment,and control rates of hypertension were 38.3%,34.6%,and 12.0%,respectively.5 Accumulating evidence calls for more comprehensive and effective prevention and management of hypertension.

关键词： prevention treatment doubling

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Bidirectional rectifier with gate voltage control based on Bi_(2)O_(2)Se/WSe_(2)heterojunction

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第1期45卷 63-70页

作者： Ruonan Li fangchao Lu Jiajun Deng Xingqiu Fu Wenjie Wang He Tian North China Electric Power University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology Beijing 102206China School of Integrated Circuits&Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Two-dimensional(2D)WSe_(2)has received increasing attention due to its unique optical properties and bipolar *** WSe_(2)-based heterojunctions exhibit bidirectional rectification characteristics,but most devices have a lower rectification *** this work,the Bi_(2)O_(2)Se/WSe_(2)heterojunction prepared by us has a typeⅡband alignment,which can vastly suppress the channel current through the interface barrier so that the Bi_(2)O_(2)Se/WSe_(2)heterojunction device has a large rectification ratio of about 10^(5).Meanwhile,under different gate voltage modulation,the current on/off ratio of the device changes by nearly five orders of magnitude,and the maximum current on/off ratio is expected to be achieved *** photocurrent measurement reveals the behavior of recombination and space charge confinement,further verifying the bidirectional rectification behavior of heterojunctions,and it also exhibits excellent performance in light *** the future,Bi_(2)O_(2)Se/WSe_(2)heterojunction field-effect transistors have great potential to reduce the volume of integrated circuits as a bidirectional controlled switching device.

关键词： Bi_(2)O_(2)Se WSe_(2) heterojunction bidirectional rectification optoelectronic devices

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