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Exploring Barriers to Implementation of Smoking Policies: A Qualitative Study on Health Professionals from Three County-Level Hospitals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期21卷 257-263页

作者： jun-fang wang SHAO-jun MA CUI-ZHU MEI XUE-fang XU CHUN-PING wang GONG-HUAN YANG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Union School of Public Health Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Chinese Center for Disease Control ＆ Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Objective This study was to identify factors limiting the implementation of smoking policies in county-level hospitals. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews （17 focus groups discussions and 6 one-to-one in depth interviews） involving 103 health professionals from three target county-level hospitals. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling was used to recruit subjects and gain a broad range of perspectives on issues emerging from ongoing data-analysis until data saturation occurred. The transcripts were analyzed for themes and key points. Results The main themes that emerged suggested that both smokers and non-smokers viewed smoking very negatively. However, it was clear that, underlying this acceptance of the health risks of smoking, there was a wide range of beliefs. Most of the health professionals pointed out that, as smoking was legal, addictive, and influenced by social norms, currently it was almost unrealistic to expect all smokers to give up smoking or not to smoke in the hospitals. Furthermore, they were concerned about the potentially detrimental effects of providing counseling advice to all smokers on the interpersonal relationship among colleagues or between doctors and patients. In addition, low level of employee participation influenced the sustainable implementation of smoking policies. Conclusions Simply being aware of the health risks about smoking did not necessarily result in successful implementation of the smoking policies. Application of comprehensive intervention strategies such as implementing smoking policies in public places at the county level, creating supportive environments, promoting community participation, and conducting health education, may be more effective.

关键词： Qualitative study Tobacco use Smoking policy HP attitudes

Passive Smoking in China: Contributing Factors and Areas for Future Interventions

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第5期20卷 420-425页

作者： SHAO-jun MA jun-fang wang CUI-ZHU MEI XUE-fang XU GONG-HUAN YANG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China School of Public Health Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Objective To reduce tobacco consumption and exposure to passive smoking in China. Methods Discussion consisting of 80 focus groups and 35 interviews were held in three rural intervention counties of Jiangxi, Henan, and Sichuan Provinces. Participants came from hospitals, schools, rural areas, and urban areas. Results Tobacco use and exposure to passive smoking were widely prevalent in the investigated schools, hospitals, county towns, and rural areas. Knowledge of the risks for passive smoking on health is lacking, especially in rural areas. Barriers to the control of tobacco use in public places include reluctance of administrators to implement tobacco control policies, lack of consistent policies, difficulties with regulations and enforcement, and reluctance of non-smokers to exercise their right to clean air. Conclusion To curb the current tobacco epidemic in China, tobacco control efforts must focus on reducing exposure to passive smoking. A strategy should be formulated to reduce the factors that contribute to tobacco use and exposure to passive smoking.

关键词： Qualitative study Passive smoking China

A Real-Time Multi-Stage Architecture for Pose Estimation of Zebrafish Head with Convolutional Neural Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2021年第2期36卷 434-444页

作者： Zhang-Jin Huang Xiang-Xiang He fang-jun wang Qing Shen School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication Hefei 230027China

In order to conduct optical neurophysiology experiments on a freely swimming zebrafish,it is essential to quantify the zebrafish head to determine exact lighting *** efficiently quantify a zebrafish head's behaviors with limited resources,we propose a real-time multi-stage architecture based on convolutional neural networks for pose estimation of the zebrafish head on *** stage is implemented with a small neural ***,a light-weight object detector named Micro-YOLO is used to detect a coarse region of the zebrafish head in the first *** the second stage,a tiny bounding box refinement network is devised to produce a high-quality bounding box around the zebrafish ***,a small pose estimation network named tiny-hourglass is designed to detect keypoints in the zebrafish *** experimental results show that using Micro-YOLO combined with RegressNet to predict the zebrafish head region is not only more accurate but also much faster than Faster R-CNN which is the representative of two-stage *** with DeepLabCut,a state-of-the-art method to estimate poses for user-defined body parts,our multi-stage architecture can achieve a higher accuracy,and runs 19x faster than it on CPUs.

关键词： convolutional neural network pose estimation real-time zebrafish

Validity of Diagnostic Evidence for Deceased Cases in Hospitals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期21卷 247-252页

作者： XIA WAN LI-jun wang jun-fang wang AI-PING CHEN GONG-HUAN YANG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical University Beijing 100005 China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Objective To determine the validity of the diagnostic evidence for deceased cases in hospitals. Methods All information collected from medical records of the deceased cases in tertiary care health facilities was input into ottr database. Four diagnosis levels were determined based on level of diagnostic evidence： level Ⅰ was based on autopsy, pathology or operative exploration, level Ⅱ on physical and laboratory tests plus expert clinical judgment, level Ⅲ on expert clinical judgment, level Ⅳ on postmortem assumptions. After the diagnostic evidence of each deceased case was reviewed by a panel of three experts, the diagnostic level of each diagnosis was determined. Results Among the 2102 medical cases for verbal autopsy study, only 26 （1.24%） afforded diagnostic evidence for level Ⅲ Among the level Ⅲ evidence-based cases of death, the major causes of death were cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and gastroenterological diseases. According to some special symptoms and medical histories, these cases could be diagnosed by comprehensive clinical judgment. Only one case met the criteria for level Ⅳ. Conclusion Level Ⅰ diagnostic evidence is hard to attain in China because of the traditional concept and economic restriction. The causes for 2101 deaths can be validated by level Ⅱ or Ⅲ diagnostic evidence.

关键词： Validity Diagnosis criteria Diagnostic evidence Laboratory examination

Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第1期82卷 146-153页

作者： XUXiaochun XIE Qiaoqin CHEN fang wang jun WU Wentao School of Resources and Environment Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China

Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area.

关键词： acid mine drainage heavy metal pollution solid waste Tongling Anhui province China

Node dynamic relaxation method： principle and application

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2011年第2期5卷 179-195页

作者： Hong-Yuan fang Tao wang jun-Feng HU Jian-Guo YANG State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Two main methods, inactive eiement method and quiet element method, to simulate the process of multilayer ：and multipass welding：were reviewed, and the shortcomings of both methods were diScussed as well Based on these analyses, a method called node dynamic relaxation method was put into forward to simulate the multilayer and multipass welding process, and the principle and application of this method were discussed in detail. The simulating results show that using the node dynamic relaxation method can decrease mesh distortion, improve calculation efficiency, and obtain good simulation results. This method can also be used in the field of simulation addition or removing materials in finite element analysis.

关键词： inactive element methodl quiet element methodl node dynamic relaxation method multilayer and multipass Welding finite element analysis (FEA)

Transgene directionally integrated into C-genome of Brassica napus

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第13期51卷 1578-1585页

作者： LI jun fang Xiaoping wang Zhuan LUO Lixia HU Qiong Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Oil Crops Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China

Integration of a transgene into a C-genome chromosome plays an important role in reducing ecological risk of transgenic Brassica napus To obtain C-genome transgenic B. napus, herbi- cide-resistant bar gene was firstly transferred into B. oleracea var. alboglabra mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Then using the trans- genic B. oleracea as paternal plants and 8 non- transgenic varieties of B. rapa as maternal plants, C- genome transgenic B. napus with bar gene was arti- ficially resynthesized by means of ovary culture and chromosome doubling. Among 67 lines of the resyn- thesized B. napus, 31 were positive, and 36 were negative according to PCR test for bar gene. At least 2 plants from each line were kept for PPT spray con- firmation. The result was in consistence with the PCR test. Genomic Southern blotting of three randomly chosen lines also showed that bar gene had been integrated into the genome of resynthesized B. napus lines.

关键词： C-染色体组 Bar基因定向转基因芸苔再合成

Preparation of modified SiO_2 colloidal spheres with succinic acid and the assembly of colloidal crystals

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第4期52卷 461-466页

作者： fang jun wang XiuFeng wang LieSong CHENG Bing WU Yuan-Ting ZHU WanLin School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 712081 China

SiO2 colloidal spheres were synthesized by St-ber method. In order to enhance surface charge of the SiO2 spheres, they were modified with succinic acid. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the average size of modified SiO2 spheres is 473 nm, and its distribution standard deviation is less than 5%; Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) results indicate that one end of succinic acid is chemically bonded to the SiO2 spheres through esterification; Zeta potential of the modified SiO2 spheres in water solution is improved from -53.72 to -67.46 mV, and surface charge density of the modified SiO2 spheres is enhanced from 0.19 to 0.94 μC/cm2. SiO2 colloidal crystal was fabricated from aqueous colloidal solution by the vertical deposition method at 40℃ and 60% relative humidity. SEM images show that the sample of SiO2 colloidal crystal is face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with its (111) planes parallel to the substrate. Transmission measurement shows the existence of photonic band gap at 1047 nm.

关键词：琥珀酸二氧化硅胶质球胶质晶体光学晶体制备表面电荷密度

Gibberellin repression of axillary bud formation in Arabidopsis by modulation of DELLA-SPL9 complex activity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第4期62卷 421-432页

作者： Qi-Qi Zhang Jia-Gang wang Ling-Yan wang jun-fang wang Qun wang Ping Yu Ming-Yi Bai Min Fan Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

The formation of lateral branches has an important and fundamental contribution to the remarkable developmental plasticity of plants,which allows plants to alter their architecture to adapt to the challenging environment *** Gibberellin(GA)phytohormones have been known to regulate the outgrowth of axillary meristems(AMs),but the specific molecular mechanisms remain *** we show that DELLA proteins regulate axillary bud formation by interacting and regulating the DNA-binding ability of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE 9(SPL9),a micro RNA156-targeted squamosa promoter binding protein-like transcription ***9 participates in the initial regulation of axillary buds by repressing the expression of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR(LAS),a key regulator inthe initiation of AMs,and LAS contributes to the specific expression pattern of the GA deactivation enzyme GA2ox4,which is specifically expressed in the axils of leaves to form a low-GA cell niche in this anatomical ***,increasing GA levels in leaf axils by ectopically expressing the GA-biosynthesis enzyme GA20ox2 significantly impaired axillary meristem *** study demonstrates that DELLA-SPL9-LAS-GA2ox4 defines a core feedback regulatory module that spatially pattern GA content in the leaf axil and precisely control the axillary bud formation in different spatial and temporal.

关键词： SPL9 impaired spatially