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Neogene integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1326-1359页

作者： Tao DENG xiaomin fang Qiang LI Shiqi WANG Feixiang WU Sukuan HOU Jiao MA Qigao JIANGZUO Danhui SUN Yan ZHENG Qinqin SHI Boyang SUN Lu LI Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The remarkable uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the Neogene had great impacts on the climate and environment of East Asia and even the ***,establishment of the Neogene stratigraphic framework of the Tibetan Plateau is of great significance to research in various fields of *** on marine sediments,the international chronostratigraphic system of the Neogene is divided into six stages in the Miocene and two stages in the *** the beginning of the Cenozoic,the share of terrestrial strata on continents has increased *** the Neogene,it had far exceeded that of marine strata,and almost all deposits on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas were terrestrial *** China,the Miocene includes five stages and the Pliocene includes two *** for the Tunggurian of the Miocene,which has a lower boundary at 15 Ma,the other stages have the same paleomagnetic definitions and time intervals as the corresponding international marine *** fossils play a very important role in the division and correlation of Cenozoic terrestrial strata,and rodent,carnivore,proboscidean,perissodactyl and artiodactyl fossils are especially important in Neogene terrestrial *** are many basins with well-exposed strata and abundant mammalian fossils in the Tibetan *** lower boundary stratotype sections of the Neogene Xiejian and Bahean stages are located respectively in the Xining and Linxia basins,and there are precise paleomagnetic dates in coordination with mammalian *** lower boundary stratotypes of other stages can also be effectively determined in the Tibetan *** first appearing mammalian genera in East Asia also appeared in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,especially in the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin and in the Siwaliks on the southwest *** them,Prodeinotherium first appeared at the bottom of the Miocene in the Siwaliks,and the earliest Hipparion of the Old

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Neogene Terrestrial stratum Mammalian fossil Paleomagnetism

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天体轨道参数调控柴达木盆地第四纪盐类资源形成的新模式

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地球学报 2024年第5期45卷 715-727页

作者：韩文霞方小敏张涛中国科学院青海盐湖研究所盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室青海西宁810008 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境重点实验室北京100101 兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院甘肃兰州730000

盐类资源的形成受沉积盆地、干旱气候和物源补给三个关键因素的控制,以往的研究主要关注构造、沉积环境和物源因素在成盐过程中的作用,而忽视了干旱和极端干旱气候这一关键因素及其与盆地盐层形成的耦合机制。本文以中德联合在柴达木盆... 详细信息

盐类资源的形成受沉积盆地、干旱气候和物源补给三个关键因素的控制,以往的研究主要关注构造、沉积环境和物源因素在成盐过程中的作用,而忽视了干旱和极端干旱气候这一关键因素及其与盆地盐层形成的耦合机制。本文以中德联合在柴达木盆地西部察汗斯拉图凹陷获取的科学深钻为例,运用磁学、元素和同位素地球化学等指标反演研究区的水文气候演化历史,并通过时间域、频率域以及系统动力学演化特征等综合分析手段探究了深时气候变化的控盐机制和规律。结果表明,柴达木盆地西部地区自2.7 Ma以来存在2.2~1.95 Ma、1.3~1.1 Ma、0.85~0.65 Ma和0.5~0.3 Ma四次关键的干旱化加剧和盐层发育期;发现在天体轨道倾角低幅和低偏心率值的同步期,会通过促进北半球冰盖扩张调控北半球中高纬西风环流的位置和强度,进而影响柴达木盆地的气候和水文循环,控制盆地内干旱事件的发生和盐层发育。在轨道-亚轨道-千年尺度上,全球冰量和北半球高纬气候变化也显著地控制了柴达木盆地的干旱事件和盐层发育。柴达木盆地多个凹陷区的盐层对比结果进一步表明,这一天体轨道特殊组合控制盆地的干旱事件和盐层发育过程的机制在全盆地具有普适性,促使柴达木盆地多个不同凹陷区尽管盐层发育存在一些差异,但其主要的盐层发育期均集中在上述四个关键时期。研究成果不仅为柴达木盆地乃至其他干旱区的成盐机制和深时发育规律提供了新的理论视角和研究思路,而且为未来结合构造-气候-物源耦合研究,对不同区域盐类资源发育类型和规律进行精细化研究,以及深入探索深时盐层发育规律提供了重要的研究基础。

关键词：柴达木盆地盐类资源偏心率与倾角北半球冰盖西风环流

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英语学习活动观下的初中英语阅读教学实践——以Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7(Reading)为例

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英语教师 2024年第11期24卷 118-123页

作者：方小闵安徽省阜阳市阜南县教育局教研室安徽阜阳236300

英语学习活动观对初中英语阅读教学具有重要的指导意义。在初中英语阅读教学中,教师可以通过设计和开展学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等不同层次的英语学习活动,从基于语篇建构知识、深入语篇发展能力到超越语篇形成素养,逐步实现培养... 详细信息

英语学习活动观对初中英语阅读教学具有重要的指导意义。在初中英语阅读教学中,教师可以通过设计和开展学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等不同层次的英语学习活动,从基于语篇建构知识、深入语篇发展能力到超越语篇形成素养,逐步实现培养学生英语学科核心素养的目的。以人教版初中《英语》九年级Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7(Reading)为例,探究如何在英语学习活动观的指导下,结合支架理论和布鲁姆的认知分类目标理论,设计和实施阅读教学,促进学生英语学科核心素养的发展。

关键词：英语学习活动观阅读教学初中英语

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发芽处理对玉米醇溶蛋白结构、热特性及乳化特性的影响

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中国食品学报 2024年第7期24卷 252-260页

作者：刘立鹏方晓敏姜鑫修琳蔡丹刘景圣吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院小麦和玉米深加工国家工程研究中心长春130118

为明确不同发芽处理时间对玉米籽粒中醇溶蛋白结构及特性的影响,以发芽处理不同时间的玉米籽粒中的玉米醇溶蛋白为研究对象,采用傅里叶红外衍射技术、X-射线衍射、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、差示热量扫描、游离巯基和二硫键分析发芽过程... 详细信息

为明确不同发芽处理时间对玉米籽粒中醇溶蛋白结构及特性的影响,以发芽处理不同时间的玉米籽粒中的玉米醇溶蛋白为研究对象,采用傅里叶红外衍射技术、X-射线衍射、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、差示热量扫描、游离巯基和二硫键分析发芽过程中玉米醇溶蛋白二级结构、结晶性、巯基、二硫键、热特性和乳化特性的变化。结果表明,发芽处理后的玉米醇溶蛋白的二级结构α-螺旋和β-转角结构分别降低了8.05%和9.08%,而β-折叠含量提升了4%~23%,同时发芽后蛋白二硫键发生断裂,游离巯基含量显著升高(P<0.05)。发芽后蛋白分子质量也发生变化,高分子质量蛋白条带向下偏移,低分子质量蛋白向上偏移且含量降低。X-射线衍射分析表明,发芽后玉米醇溶蛋白的结晶性发生改变,9°时的峰在发芽处理后期趋于平缓。差示热量扫描结果显示,处理后的玉米醇溶蛋白的变性温度平均提高了6.43℃。发芽处理的玉米醇溶蛋白的乳化性和乳化稳定性均有所提高,乳化性指数在发芽72 h时,提升了10.53 m^(2)/g,且乳化稳定性指数在发芽时间60 h时,与未发芽时相比提高了81.36 min。结论:适当的发芽处理可以修饰玉米醇溶蛋白结构,进而改善理化特性。

关键词：发芽玉米醇溶蛋白二级结构热特性乳化特性

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苏农黑猪生长特征和采食行为分析及其性别差异比较

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畜牧与兽医 2024年第6期56卷 22-30页

作者：李昊杰王继光方晓敏姚文南京农业大学动物科技学院江苏南京210095 江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所江苏南京210014

旨在研究新培育品种苏农黑猪的生长发育规律。选取体重35 kg左右、日龄102 d左右的苏农黑猪阉公猪和母猪各30头,将同性别的猪按体重随机分入3个栏,每栏10头,当苏农黑猪饲喂至体重110 kg左右结束试验。通过种猪生产性能测定站获取生长性... 详细信息

旨在研究新培育品种苏农黑猪的生长发育规律。选取体重35 kg左右、日龄102 d左右的苏农黑猪阉公猪和母猪各30头,将同性别的猪按体重随机分入3个栏,每栏10头,当苏农黑猪饲喂至体重110 kg左右结束试验。通过种猪生产性能测定站获取生长性能与采食相关指标数据,研究其生长发育规律及性别差异,并使用多种函数拟合生长曲线及消化能、粗蛋白摄入与体重的曲线。结果:阉公猪生长至110 kg所需的平均天数显著低于母猪(P<0.05),平均日增重和平均日采食量极显著高于母猪(P<0.01),平均日采食时间极显著高于母猪(P<0.01)。生长曲线的拟合结果以von Bertalanffy模型为最优,阉公猪和母猪的拐点日龄、拐点体重和最大日增重分别为126 d、50.931 kg、0.764 kg和111 d、41.791 kg、0.752 kg。消化能、粗蛋白摄入与体重曲线的拟合结果以ExpDec1模型为最优,拟合得到的预测值均高于猪营养需要量中的推荐值。相较于母猪,阉公猪营养需要量预测值更高。综上,苏农黑猪阉公猪生长性能优于母猪,von Bertalanffy模型能较好地预测苏农黑猪生长发育情况,ExpDec1模型能较好地预测苏农黑猪能量和蛋白摄入量。

关键词：苏农黑猪性别差异生长发育规律非线性模型

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Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and environmental changes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第23期44卷 2117-2124页

作者： Jijun Li xiaomin fang Lanzhou Univ Dept Geog Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Major progress, problems, and challenges of recent investigation of the Tibetan Plateau uplift processes and resulting environmental changes are reviewed and summarized briefly, which especially covers the National Tibetan Research Projects of the Chinese Eighth (1992-1996) and Ninth (1997-2001) 'Five-Year Projects'. The Tibetan Plateau uplift is a complicated multiple cyclic process. The Gangdise and Himalayas began to uplift in the

关键词： Tibetan Plateau uplift process Asian monsoon.

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Sequestration of carbon as carbonate in the critical zone：insights from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 389-391页

作者： Albert Galy Yibo Yang xiaomin fang Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG) UMR7358 CNRS Université de Lorraine 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy France Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The carbon pool stored in soil carbonate is comparable to the soil organic ***,secondary calcite precipitation in supersaturated catchment could be an important,yet poorly constrained,carbon sink within the modern global carbon *** chemical analysis of some dissolved species transported by rivers,such as elevated Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios but also heavy stable Ca isotopic compositions,witness the formation of secondary calcite in rivers draining arid ***,in areas affected by active tectonics and rapid physical erosion,co-variations in the fluvial Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios could also be related to incongruent carbonate weathering ***,we present a model to assess the roles played by incongruent carbonate dissolution and secondary calcite precipitation in modern weathering *** tested and applied the model to rivers draining the Himalayan–Tibetan *** results suggest that regional aridity in the drainage basin promotes carbon sequestration as secondary carbonate but that for a given runoff,incongruent dissolution of carbonate possibly related to rapid physical erosion amplifies such *** isotopic compositions(^(13)C/^(12)C and^(18)O/^(16)O)of detrital carbonate transported by the main rivers in South and South-East Tibet imply that around 1%of the suspended material transported by those rivers corresponds to secondary carbonate and can represent between 5%and 15%of the alkalinity *** of these alkalinity transported as particulate material is,nevertheless related to the weathering of carbonate lithologies and is also subjected to dissolution prior its final storage in sedimentary ***,on glacial-interglacial timescale this will amplify the significant role of mountain weathering on climatic variations.

关键词： Carbonate Weathering Isotope Tectonic forcing

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Long range trans-Pacific transport and deposition of Asian dust aerosols

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 424-428页

作者： HAN Yongxiang fang xiaomin ZHAO Tianliang KANG Shichang Lanzhou Arid Meteorological Institute and Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730020 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Air Quality Research Branch Meteorological Service of Canada Toronto Ontario m3H 5T4 Canada

The deposition of Asian dust aerosols during their trans-Pacific transport might cause significant marine phytoplankton biomass increases. However, the knowledge of the trans-Pacific dust transport, deposition, and spatial distribution is still poor due to a lack of continuous and simultaneous observations in the Asian subcontinent, the north Pacific Ocean, and North America. The severe Asian dust storm during 6 to 9 April 2001 provided an opportunity to gain a better understanding of trans-Pacific dust transport and deposition, using a comprehensive set of observations from satellites, ground-based light detection and ranging, aircraft, and surface observation networks. The observations and model simulations outline the general pattern of dust transport, deposition, vertical profile, and spatial distribution. The following points were observed：（1） the surface dust concentrations decreased exponentially with the increasing dust transport distance from 80°E to 120°W along the transport pathway; （2） the altitude of the dust concentration peak increased with increasing transport distance in the north Pacific region; and （3） the spatial distribution of dust deposition mainly depended on the trans-Pacific transport route.

关键词： dust aerosol trans-Pacific dust transport and deposition spatial distribution

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Eolian sand deposition and its environmental significance in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第24期44卷 2250-2255页

作者： Jianli Wang xiaomin fang Jijun Li SW Normal Univ Dept Geog Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Dept Geog Sci Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

The dry climate which appeared about 8-7 Ma ago in South Asia has been interpreted as results of the intensification of Asian monsoon caused by the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at its maximum altitude around that time. Whether it is or not, it is a critical problem. A total of 55 samples were taken from the Tertiary red earth and Quaternary lacustrine deposits and loess in the Linxia Basin which is located in the northeastern margin of the

关键词： Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Cenozoic stratigraphy eolian deposition of quartz sand air circulation.

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Altitudinal effect of soil n-alkane δD values on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and their increasing isotopic fractionation with altitude

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第9期60卷 1664-1673页

作者： BAI Yan CHEN ChiHao fang xiaomin LIU xiaoming GUO HaiChao Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi 'an 710075 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has provided unprecedented insights into the topographic histories of many of the world's highest mountain ranges. However, on the Tibetan Plateau(TP), stable isotopes from paleosols generally yield much higher paleoaltitudes than those based on fossils. It is therefore essential when attempting to interpret accurately this region's paleoaltitudes that the empirical calibrations of local stable isotopes and the relations between them are established. Additionally,it is vital that careful estimations be made when estimate how different isotopes sourced from different areas may have been influenced by different controls. We present here 29 hydrogen isotopic values for leaf wax-derived n-alkanes(i.e., δD_(wax) values,and abundance-weighted average δD values of C_(29) and C_(31)) in surface soils, as well as the δD values of soil water(δD_(sw)) samples(totaling 22) from Mount Longmen(LM), on the eastern TP(altitude ~0.8–4.0 km above sea level(asl), a region climatically affected by the East Asian Monsoon(EAM). We compared our results with published data from Mount Gongga(GG). In addition,47 river water samples, 55 spring water samples, and the daily and monthly summer precipitation records(from May to October,2015) from two precipitation observation stations were collected along the GG transect for δD analysis. LM soil δD_(wax) values showed regional differences and responded strongly to altitude, varying from.160‰ to.219‰, with an altitudinal lapse rate(ALR) of.18‰ km^(-1)(R^2=0.83; p<0.0001; n=29). These δD_(wax) values appeared more enriched than those from the GG transect by ~40‰. We found that both the climate and moisture sources led to the differences observed in soil δD_(wax) values between the LM and GG transects. We found that, as a general rule, ε_(wax/rw), ε_(wax/p) and εwax/sw values(i.e., the isotopic fractionation of δD_(wax) corresponding to δD_(rw), δD_p and δD_(sw)) increased with increasing altitude along both the LM and

关键词： Hydrogen isotope values for leaf wax-derived n-alkanes Aparent fractionation factor Surface water evaporation Local water vapor recycling Paleoaltitudinal reconstruction Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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