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Paleoclimate data assimilation： Its motivation, progress and prospects

Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1817-1826页

作者： Fang Miao LI Xin Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Reconstructing past climate is beneficial for researchers to understand the mechanism of past climate change, recognize the context of modern climate change and predict scenarios of future climate change. Paleoclimate data assimilation(PDA), which was first introduced in 2000, is a promising approach and a significant issue in the context of past climate research. PDA has the same theoretical basis as the traditional data assimilation(DA) employed in the fields of atmosphere science, ocean science and land surface science. The main aim of PDA is to optimally estimate past climate states that are both consistent with the climate signal recorded in proxy and the dynamic understanding of the climate system through combining the physical laws and dynamic mechanisms of climate systems represented by climate models with climate signals recorded in proxies(e.g., tree rings, ice cores). After investigating the research status and latest advances of PDA abroad, in this paper, the background, concept and methodology of PAD are briefly introduced. Several special aspects and the development history of PAD are systematically summarized. The theoretical basis and typical cases associated with three frequently-used PAD methods(e.g., nudging, particle filter and ensemble square root filter) are analyzed and demonstrated. Finally, some underlying problems in current studies and key prospects in future research related to PDA are proposed to provide valuable thoughts on and a scientific basis for PDA research.

关键词：数据同化古气候未来气候变化展望气候系统信号记录科学基础 PDA

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Highly Ordered Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Aramid Nanofiber Conductive Foams Modulated by Kevlar Polyanion for Piezoresistive Sensing and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第6期15卷 335-352页

作者： Kunpeng Qian Jianyu Zhou miao miao Hongmin Wu Sineenat Thaiboonrod Jianhui fang Xin Feng School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444People’s Republic of China Research Center of Nano Science and Technology Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444People’s Republic of China National Nanotechnology Center(NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)Thailand Science ParkPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Highly ordered and uniformly porous structure of conductive foams is a vital issue for various functional purposes such as piezoresistive sensing and electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding. With the aids of Kevlar polyanionic chains, thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) foams reinforced by aramid nanofibers(ANF) with adjustable pore-size distribution were successfully obtained via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation. In this regard, the most outstanding result is the in situ formation of ANF in TPU foams after protonation of Kevlar polyanion during the NIPS process. Furthermore, in situ growth of copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs) on TPU/ANF foams was performed according to the electroless deposition by using the tiny amount of pre-blended Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene as reducing agents. Particularly, the existence of Cu NPs layers significantly promoted the storage modulus in 2,932% increments, and the well-designed TPU/ANF/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene(PAM-Cu) composite foams showed distinguished compressive cycle stability. Taking virtues of the highly ordered and elastic porous architectures, the PAM-Cu foams were utilized as piezoresistive sensor exhibiting board compressive interval of 0–344.5 kPa(50% strain) with good sensitivity at 0.46 kPa^(-1). Meanwhile,the PAM-Cu foams displayed remarkable EMI shielding effectiveness at 79.09 dB in X band. This work provides an ideal strategy to fabricate highly ordered TPU foams with outstanding elastic recovery and excellent EMI shielding performance, which can be used as a promising candidate in integration of satisfactory piezoresistive sensor and EMI shielding applications for human–machine interfaces.

关键词： Highly ordered conductive foams MXene Nanofiber Thermoplastic Kevlar polyanion Piezoresistive sensing Electromagnetic interference shielding

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Synchronous deprotonation–protonation for mechanically robust chitin/aramid nanofibers conductive aerogel with excellent pressure sensing, thermal management, and electromagnetic interference shielding

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2038-2049页

作者： Xinxin Zhang Kunpeng Qian Jianhui fang Sineenat Thaiboonrod miao miao Xin Feng Department of Chemistry College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Research Center of Nano Science and Technology College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China National Nanotechnology Center(NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)Thailand Science ParkPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Aerogels with regularly porous structure and uniformly distributed conductive networks have received extensive attention in wearable electronic sensors,electromagnetic shielding,and so on.However,the poor mechanical properties of the emerging nanofibers-based aerogels are limited in practical applications.In this work,we developed a synchronous deprotonation–protonation method in the KOH/dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)system at room temperature for achieving chitin cross-linked aramid nanofibers(CANFs)rather than chitin nanofibers(ChNFs)and aramid nanofibers(ANFs)separately by using chitin and aramid pulp as raw materials.After freeze-drying process,the cross-linked chitin/aramid nanofibers(CA)aerogel exhibited the synergetic properties of ChNF and ANF by the dual-nanofiber compensation strategy.The mechanical stress of CA aerogel was 170 kPa at 80%compressive strain,increased by 750%compared with pure ChNF aerogel.Similarly,the compressibility of CA aerogel was somewhat improved compared to ANF aerogel.The enhancement verified that the crosslinking reaction between ANF and ChNF during the synchronous deprotonation process was formed.Afterwards,the conductive aerogels with uniform porous structure(CA-M)were successfully obtained by vacuum impregnating CA aerogels in Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene solution,displaying low thermal conductivity(0.01 W/(m·K)),high electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding effectiveness(SE)(75 dB),flame retardant,and heat insulation.Meanwhile,the as-obtained CA-M aerogels were also applied as a pressure sensor with excellent compression cycle stability and superior human motion monitoring capabilities.As a result,the dual-nanofiber based conductive aerogels have great potentials in flexible/wearable electronics,EMI shielding,flame retardant,and heat insulation.

关键词： synchronous deprotonation–protonation electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding flame retardant heat insulation pressure sensing

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In-situ growth of polypyrrole on aramid nanofibers for electromagnetic interference shielding films with high stability

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8536-8545页

作者： Jianyu Zhou Sineenat Thaiboonrod Jianhui fang Shaomei Cao miao miao Xin Feng Research Center of Nano Science and Technology College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China National Nanotechnology Center(NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)Thailand Science ParkPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding films with high stability have shown promising prospect in harsh working conditions such as military,communication,and special protection fields.Herein,flexible aramid nanofibers@polypyrrole(ANF@PPy)films with high stability were easily achieved by the in-situ growth of PPy on the surface of ANF and the subsequent pressured-filtration film-forming process.When the amount of pyrrole(Py)monomer is 40μL,the ANF@PPy(AP40)film exhibited excellent EMI shielding performance with shielding effectiveness(SE)of 41.69 dB,tensile strength of 96.01 MPa,and fracture strain of 21.95%at the thickness of 75.76μm.Particularly,the anticipated EMI shielding performance can be maintained even after being heated at 200℃in air,soaked in 3.5%NaCl solution,repeated folding for one million times,or burned directly,indicating superior environmental durability in harsh conditions.Therefore,it is believed that the ANF@PPy films with high stability offer a facile solution for practical protection for high-performance EMI shielding applications.

关键词： in-situ growth of polypyrrole(PPy)on aramid nanofibers(ANF) electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding films high stability water-resistance thermal mechanical properties

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Boron heteroatom-doped silicon-carbon peanut-like composites enables long life lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2022年第4期41卷 1276-1283页

作者： fang-Zhou Zhang Yuan-Yuan Ma miao-miao Jiang Wei Luo Jian-Ping Yang State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Carbon coated Si core–shell structures have been proposed to solve the adverse effects of Si-based anode.However,designing ideal core–shell architecture with excellent surface and interface properties is still a significant challenge.Herein,a novel peanut-like structure of B-doped silicon/carbon nanoparticle(Si@B-C)synthe-sized by sol–gel process and subsequent thermal reduction is reported.The peanut-like Si@B-C electrode demon-strates a superior cyclability of 534 mAh·g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at high current density of 1000 mA·g^(-1).The exceptional electrochemical performance is attributed to the boric acid-induced highly interconnected peanut-like structure and boron heteroatom framework could provide a continuous electron pathway to reduce the irreversible lithium ion loss during rapid cycling.This work provides insight into the development of the heteroatom-doped Si-based anodes with stable cycling performance for LIBs.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Silicon anode Peanutlike structure Boron doping Long cycle life

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C60intercalating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXenes assisted by γ-cyclodextrin for electromagnetic interference shielding films with high stability

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第32期127卷 71-77页

作者： Kunpeng Qian Shuang Li Jianhui fang Yuhuan Yang Shaomei Cao miao miao Xin Feng School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Research Center of Nano Science and Technology Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Dehong Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Sugar Industry Yunnan 678400China

Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXenes with excellent metallic conductivity and flexibility have shown a promising prospect as electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding materials. Ultrathin, hierarchical hybrid films were fabricated by using C60intercalating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXenes with the assistance of water-soluble γ-cyclodextrin(CD). The C_(60)/CD complex was obtained by high-speed vibration milling using hydrophilic CD as dispersing agent. After thermal annealing treatment, the obtained hybrid film exhibited excellent EMI shielding(53.52±0.43 dB), hydrophobicity(water contact angle: 93.7°) and mechanical stability(over 0.9 million bending times). Taking advantage of the antioxidant of C_(60), the chemical durability of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXenes based hybrid films was also improved as expected. These results indicate that the well-designed hierarchical hybrid films with the intercalation of C_(60) have promising potential for high-performance EMI shielding applications.

关键词： Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXenes C_(60) High conductivity Stability EMI shielding

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Harmonizing models and observations: Data assimilation in Earth system science

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第8期63卷 1059-1068页

作者： Xin LI Feng LIU miao fang National Tibetan Plateau Data Center Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Models and observations are two fundamental methodological approaches in Earth system science(ESS). They evolve collaboratively and enhance one another. However, neither of these two approaches is perfect, and they have incompatibilities due to their methodological differences. The emergence of data assimilation(DA) has enabled these two approaches to develop in conjunction and form a harmonic ESS methodology. As a result, DA has shown a fresh vitality and applicability in ESS. This paper reviews the application of DA in the main branches of ESS, traces the coordinated evolution of DA with the methodologies of rationalism and empiricism, analyzes the relationships of DA with estimation theory and cybernetics, summarizes the advances of DA in China, and presents an outlook on the challenges facing the development of a uniform DA for ESS. DA theories and methods will continue to evolve and provide an increasingly mature methodology for enhancing the understanding and prediction of Earth as a system.

关键词： Data assimilation Model Observation Earth system science Methodology Philosophy of science Synthesis

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Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to High Temperature in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990 to 2019

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期36卷 222-230页

作者： HONG Le YAN miao miao ZHANG Yun Quan WANG Kai WANG Ya Qi LUO Si Qi WANG fang Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430065HubeiChina Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004JiangsuChina

Objective This study aimed to estimate spatiotemporal variations of global heat-related cardiovascular disease(CVD)burden from 1990 to 2019.Methods Data on the burden of heat-related CVD were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were used to quantify heat-induced CVD burden.We calculated the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)and DALY rate(ASDR)per 100,000population to compare this burden across regions.Generalized linear models were applied to evaluate estimated annual percentage changes(EAPC)for temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.The correlation between the socio-demographic index(SDI)and age-standardized rate was measured using the Spearman rank test.Results Heat-induced CVD caused approximately 90 thousand deaths worldwide in 2019.Global ASMR and ASDR of heat-related CVD in 2019 were 1.17[95%confidence interval(CI):0.13-1.98]and 25.59(95%CI:2.07-44.17)per 100,000 population,respectively.The burden was significantly increased in middle and low-SDI regions and slightly decreased in high-SDI regions from 1990 to 2019.ASMR showed an upward trend,with the most considerable increase in low-latitude countries.We observed a negative correlation between SDI and EAPC in ASMR(rs=-0.57,P<0.01)and ASDR(rs=-0.59,P<0.01)among204 countries.Conclusion Heat-attributable CVD burden substantially increased in most developing countries and tropical regions.

关键词： High temperature Cardiovascular disease Global disease burden Climate change

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 939-948页

作者： YU Lei ZHANG Jian DONG miao fang Gui Yu Lupeng Shandong Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection School of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029China

The bidirectional subduction system,island arc magmatic activities,and thermal structure of the forearc basin in the Molucca Sea are taken into consideration in this study.The active volcanic arcs on both sides of the bidirectional subduction zone in the Molucca Sea are undergoing arc-arc collisions.We applied a finite element thermal simulation method to reconstruct the thermal evolution history of the Molucca Sea Plate based on geophysical data.Then,we analyzed the thermodynamic characteristics of island arc volcanism on both sides of the bidirectional subduction zone.The results showed that at 10Myr,the oceanic ridge of the Molucca Sea Plate was asymmetrically biased to the west,causing this bidirectional subduction to be deeper in the west than in the east.Furthermore,the oceanic ridge subducted under the Sangihe arc at 5.5Myr,causing intermittent cessation of volcanic activities.Due to the convergence of bidirectional subduction,the geothermal gradient in the top 3km depth of the forearc area between the Sangihe and Halmahera arcs decreased from about 60℃km^(−1) at 4Myr to about 38℃km^(−1) today.Finally,within the 45–100 km depth range of the sliding surface of the subduction,anomalously high-temperature zones formed due to shear friction during the bidirectional subduction.

关键词： Molucca Sea bidirectional subduction zone arc thermal simulation:island-arc magmatism

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Enhanced dye degradation capability and reusability of Fe-based amorphous ribbons by surface activation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第18期52卷 163-173页

作者： Fang Miao Qianqian Wang Siyi Di Lu Yun Jing Zhou Baolong Shen School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic MaterialsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China Institute of Massive Amorphous Metal Science China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

The dye degradation capability and reusability of FeSiBNbCu amorphous ribbons are largely enhanced due to the surface activation by ball milling.The time required for degrading 50%of acid orange 7 solution by the activated FeSiBNbCu amorphous ribbons is only 1/6 of that by the as-quenched ribbons,while the reusable times of the activated ribbons is 6 times larger than that of the as-quenched ribbons.The superior degradation capability and better reusability of the activated FeSiBNbCu amorphous ribbons come from not only the uneven topography of the ribbon surface induced by ball milling,but also the stored deformation energy,including the structural rejuvenation and the enlarged residual stress.The structural rejuvenation in the activated FeSiBNbCu amorphous ribbons is verified by heat relaxation analysis,and the increased residual stress is confirmed by the magnetic domain measurements on the ribbon surfaces.Besides,the environmental adaptability of the activated FeSiBNbCu amorphous ribbons is also investigated.The possible pathways for degradation of acid orange 7 using the activated ribbons,including azo bond cleavage and hydroxylation of benzene ring,are proposed.This work provides a new method to effectively improve the degradation performance of amorphous ribbons.

关键词： Structural rejuvenation Stored deformation energy Residual stress Magnetic force microscopy

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