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Protein & Cell 2024年第6期15卷 403-418页

作者： Song Xue Yuru Han fan wu Qiao Wang Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and InfectionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Intensive selection pressure constrains the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and results in various novel variants with distinct mutation *** mutations,particularly those within the receptor binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein,lead to the functional alteration in both receptor engagement and monoclonal antibody(mAb)***,we review the data of the RBD point mutations possessed by major SARS-CoV-2 variants and discuss their individual effects on ACE2 affinity and immune *** single amino acid substitutions within RBD epitopes crucial for the antibody evasion capacity may conversely weaken ACE2 binding ***,this weakened effect could be largely compensated by specific epistatic mutations,such as N501Y,thus maintaining the overall ACE2 affinity for the spike protein of all major *** predominant direction of SARS-CoV-2 evolution lies neither in promoting ACE2 affinity nor evading mAb neutralization but in maintaining a delicate balance between these two ***,this review interprets how RBD mutations efficiently resist antibody neutralization and meanwhile how the affinity between ACE2 and spike protein is maintained,emphasizing the significance of comprehensive assessment of spike mutations.

关键词： ACE2 affinity maintained

Numerical simulation of formaldehyde distribution characteristics in the high-speed train cabin

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 285-300页

作者： fan wu Hang Dong Chao Yu Hengkui Li Qingmin Cui Renze Xu Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of EducationSchool of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410075China Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technologies for Rail Traffic Safety ChangshaHunan410075China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle ChangshaHunan410075China School of Software Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhouHenan451191China

The global concern over indoor air pollution in public vehicles has grown *** a focus on enhancing passengers’comfort and health,this study endeavors to investigate the distribution characteristics of formaldehyde within a high-speed train cabin by employing a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model which is experimentally validated in a real cabin *** research focuses on analyzing the impact of air supply modes,temperature,relative humidity,and fresh air change rate on the distribution and concentration of *** results demonstrate that the difference in average formaldehyde concentration between the two air supply modes is below 1.3%,but the top air supply mode leads to a higher accumulation of formaldehyde near the sidewalls,while the bottom air supply mode promotes a more uniform distribution of ***,the temperature,relative humidity,and fresh air change rate are the primary factors affecting formaldehyde concentration levels,but they have modest effects on formaldehyde’s distribution pattern within the *** the temperature and relative humidity increase,the changes in formaldehyde concentrations in response to variations in these factors become more ***,the formaldehyde concentration may surpass the standard limit of 0.10 mg/m^(3)if the fresh air change rate falls below 212 m^(3)/*** research provides a systematic approach and referenceable results for exploring formaldehyde pollution in high-speed train cabins.

关键词： indoor air pollution formaldehyde CFD simulation high-speed train ventilation

Injection of a Self-propelled Polymer into a Small Circular Cavity

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 886-894页

作者： Chao Wang Yan-Li Zhou Xiao Yang fan wu Meng-Bo Luo Department of Physics Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

The injection of a polymer chain into a small circular cavity under tangential self-propelled force is studied by using Langevin dynamics *** indicate that the injection dynamics of the active polymer shows strong correlation with the polymer conformation inside the cavity depending on the polymer rigidity(k_(b)).The injection timeτvaries nonmonotonously with increasing k_(b),and reaches its minimum at k_(b)^(*).When k_(b) is small(k_(b)≪k_(b)^(*)),the polymer is nearly random coil in the cavity,and spends a long time at the final stage of the injection process due to the large repulsion between monomers inside the *** k_(b) is moderate(k_(b)∼k_(b)^(*)),the part of polymer inside the cavity forms spiral configuration under the tangential active force,and the whole polymer moves synchronously with a constant velocity during the injection process,leading to a small injection *** k_(b) is large(k_(b)≫k_(b)^(*)),the polymer is nearly straight at the initial stage of the injection process,and takes a long time to bend itself,leading to a large injection time.

关键词： Active Polymer Injection Dynamics Simulation

XRL-SHAP-Cache:an explainable reinforcement learning approach for intelligent edge service caching in content delivery networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 46-71页

作者： Xiaolong XU fan wu Muhammad BILAL Xiaoyu XIA Wanchun DOU Lina YAO Weiyi ZHONG School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University School of Computing Technologies Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Data 61 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization School of Computer Science Qufu Normal University

Content delivery networks(CDNs) play a pivotal role in the modern internet infrastructure by enabling efficient content delivery across diverse geographical regions. As an essential component of CDNs, the edge caching scheme directly influences the user experience by determining the caching and eviction of content on edge servers. With the emergence of 5G technology, traditional caching schemes have faced challenges in adapting to increasingly complex and dynamic network environments. Consequently, deep reinforcement learning(DRL) offers a promising solution for intelligent zero-touch network governance. However, the blackbox nature of DRL models poses challenges in understanding and making trusting decisions. In this paper,we propose an explainable reinforcement learning(XRL)-based intelligent edge service caching approach,namely XRL-SHAP-Cache, which combines DRL with an explainable artificial intelligence(XAI) technique for cache management in CDNs. Instead of focusing solely on achieving performance gains, this study introduces a novel paradigm for providing interpretable caching strategies, thereby establishing a foundation for future transparent and trustworthy edge caching solutions. Specifically, a multi-level cache scheduling framework for CDNs was formulated theoretically, with the D3QN-based caching scheme serving as the targeted interpretable model. Subsequently, by integrating Deep-SHAP into our framework, the contribution of each state input feature to the agent's Q-value output was calculated, thereby providing valuable insights into the decision-making process. The proposed XRL-SHAP-Cache approach was evaluated through extensive experiments to demonstrate the behavior of the scheduling agent in the face of different environmental *** results demonstrate its strong explainability under various real-life scenarios while maintaining superior performance compared to traditional caching schemes in terms of cache hit ratio, quality of service(QoS),a

关键词： deep reinforcement learning (DRL) explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) multi-level cache content delivery network (CDN) D3QN algorithm Deep-SHAP

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Non-adiabatic holonomic quantum operations in continuous variable systems

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 12-19页

作者： Hao-Long Zhang Yi-Hao Kang fan wu Zhen-Biao Yang Shi-Biao Zheng Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics College of Physics and Information EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China

Quantum operations by utilizing the underlying geometric phases produced in physical systems are favoured due to their potential *** a system in a non-degenerate eigenstate undergoes an adiabatically cyclic evolution dominated by its Hamiltonian,it will get a geometric phase,referred to as the Berry *** a non-adiabatically cyclic evolution produces an Aharonov-Anandan geometric *** two types of Abelian geometric phases are extended to the non-Abelian cases,where the phase factors become matrix-valued and the transformations associated with different loops are *** and non-Abelian(holonomic)operations are prevalent in discrete variable systems,whose limited(say,two)energy levels,form the *** their developments in continuous systems have also been investigated,mainly due to that,bosonic modes(in,such as,cat states)with large Hilbert spaces,provide potential advantages in fault-tolerant quantum *** we propose a feasible scheme to realize non-adiabatic holonomic quantum logic operations in continuous variable systems with cat *** construct arbitrary single-qubit(two-qubit)gates with the combination of single-and two-photon drivings applied to a Kerr Parametric Oscillator(KPO)(the coupled KPOs).Our scheme relaxes the requirements of the previously proposed quantum geometric operation strategies in continuous variable systems,providing an effective way for quantum control.

关键词： cat qubit continuous variable systems non-Abelian

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Multi-functional and multi-scenario applications for MXene aerogels with synergistically enhanced asymmetric modules

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3359-3368页

作者： Junru Yao Jintang Zhou Feng Yang Guiyu Peng Yijie Liu Zhengjun Yao fan wu Haibo Zeng College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211100China Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing 211100China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

The development of multifunctional materials and synergistic applications of various functions are important conditions for integrated and miniaturized ***,we developed asymmetric MXene/aramid nanofibers/polyimides(AMAP)aerogels with different modules using an integrated molding *** asymmetric modules(layered MXene/aramid nanofibers section and porous MXene/aramid nanofibers/polyimides section)interactions are beneficial for enhanced performances,resulting in low reflection electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding(specific shielding effectiveness of 2483(dB·cm^(3))/g and a low R-value of 0.0138),high-efficiency infrared radiation(IR)stealth(ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.045 W/(m·K)and IR emissivity of 0.32 at 3–5μm and 0.28 at 8–14μm),and excellent thermal management performances of insulated Joule ***,these multifunctional AMAP aerogels are suitable for various application scenarios such as personal and building protection against electromagnetic pollution and cold,as well as military equipment protection against infrared detection and EMI.

关键词： multifunctional material electromagnetic interference shielding low reflection infrared radiation stealth thermal insulation Joule heating

Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 34-39页

作者： Wen Ning Ri-Hua Zheng Jia-Hao Lu fan wu Zhen-Biao Yang Shi-Biao Zheng Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics College of Physics and Information EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

Spontaneous symmetry breaking(SSB)plays a central role in understanding a large variety of phenomena associated with phase transitions,such as superfluid and *** far,the transition from a symmetric vacuum to a macroscopically ordered phase has been substantially *** process bridging these two distinct phases is critical to understanding how a classical world emerges from a quantum phase transition,but so far remains unexplored in *** here report an experimental demonstration of such a process with a quantum Rabi model engineered with a superconducting *** move the system from the normal phase to the superradiant phase featuring two symmetry-breaking field components,one of which is observed to emerge as the classical *** results demonstrate that the environment-induced decoherence plays a critical role in the SSB.

关键词： quantum phase transition Rabi model spontaneous symmetry breaking superconducting circuit Schrodinger cat states

Quantitative measurement and application of droplets on physical surfaces based on LIF technology

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第2期6卷 104-113页

作者： fan wu Shuaixiong Zhou Qingmin Cui Renze Xu Hengkui Li Chao Yu Key Labor atory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education School of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentr al South Univ ersityChangsha 410075HunanChina Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technologies for Rail Traffic Safety School of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina School of software Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhou 451191HenanChina National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle School of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina

Contaminated surfaces play a significant role in the transmission of respiratory infectious *** address this issue,we pre-sented a novel quantitative detection method for droplets on physical surfaces,based on the laser-induced fluorescence *** proposed detection method was demonstrated in a realistic high-speed train compartment scenario by simulating the process of droplet release during passengers’breathing and *** experimental results showed that this method could offer high precision(10-1 mg/m^(2))for detecting minute substance concentrations,and its ease of operation makes it suitable for complex en-gineering *** results also revealed that under the combined effects of the indoor airflow and breathing airflow,the range of droplets released by breathing activity exceeded two rows in front of and behind the release ***,we observed that a large number of droplets settled on the seat surfaces on both sides of the same row as the releaser,with over 36%of these droplets concentrated on the backrest area of the *** the respiratory jet velocity increased,the location with the most sed-iment droplets(accounting for 8%of the total sedimentation)occurred on the seat directly in front of the releaser,and approximately 48% of the droplets were found on the back of this *** proposed method overcomes the shortcomings of existing experimental methods in quantitatively capturing the motion characteristics of droplets in complex flow fields.

关键词： quantitative measurement sediment droplets physical surfaces fluorescence measurement high-speed train compart-ment

The influence of the leading-edge angle of subgrade on the aerodynamic loads of a high-speed train in a wind tunnel

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第2期6卷 45-54页

作者： Zeyun Yang Gang Xu fan wu Lei Zhang Jian Du Dmitri Vainchtein Key Labor atory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of EducationSchool of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina CRRC Academy(Qingdao)Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266111ShandongChina CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266111ShandongChina Nyheim Plasma Institute Drexel UniversityCamden 08103USA

The purpose of this study is to establish the correlation between the boundary layer over the subgrade and the aerodynamic loads act-ing on the train model in conventional wind tunnel ***,flow characteristics around the subgrade with different leading-edge angles(15°,30°and 45°)are investigated through the particle image velocimetry(PIV)experimental test ***,wind tunnel tests of the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train are carried *** results are compared with previous experimental data obtained by moving model *** show that,due to the presence of a boundary layer,the pressure acting on the lower part of the train head decreases,while other locations are not significantly *** is the reason for the reduction of the aerodynamic drag and lift on the *** addition,the reduction effects become more obvious when the thickness of the boundary layer *** experimental results obtained could serve as a calibration of aerodynamic forces for wind tunnel tests on high-speed trains.

关键词： high-speed train ground effect aerodynamic performance wind tunnel test PIV experiment

Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 291-307页

作者： Chuyang Liu Lu Xu Xueyu Xiang Yujing Zhang Li Zhou Bo Ouyang fan wu Dong‑Hyun Kim Guangbin Ji School of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of Physics Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of Physics Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644South Korea Department of Chemistry School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072People’s Republic of China

The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range,posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar ***,existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance *** this work,rare-earth La^(3+)and non-magnetic Zr^(4+)ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite(BaM)to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance *** leveraging the contrary impact of La^(3+)and Zr^(4+)ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field,the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully *** magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe^(3+)and Fe^(2+)***,Mosbauer spectra analysis,first-principle calculations,and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La^(3+)doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr^(4+)occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase *** a consequence,the La^(3+)-Zr^(4+)co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5+GHz covering from 27.5 to 40+GHz,which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.

关键词： Microwave absorption Ultra-broad bandwidth M-type barium ferrite Magnetocrystalline anisotropy field Multimagnetic resonance