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Asian summer monsoon precipitation recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau during AD1875―2003 and its linkage with ocean-atmosphere system

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第13期53卷 2041-2049页

作者： LIU JingHua ZHANG PingZhong chenG Hai chen fahu YANG XunLin ZHANG DeZhong ZHOU Jing JIA JiHong AN ChunLei SANG WenCui Kathleen R. JOHNSON Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System of Ministry of Education College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA

Based on 5 high-precision 230Th dates and 103 stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) obtained from the top 16 mm of a stalagmite collected from Wanxiang Cave,Wudu,Gansu,variation of monsoonal precipita-tion in the modern Asian Monsoon (AM) marginal zone over the past 100 years was reconstructed. Comparison of the speleothem δ18O record with instrumental precipitation data at Wudu in the past 50 years indicates a high parallelism between the two curves,suggesting that the speleothem δ18O is a good proxy for the AM strength and associated precipitation,controlled by "amount effect" of the pre-cipitation. Variation of the monsoonal precipitation during the past 100 years can be divided into three stages,increasing from AD 1875 to 1900,then decreasing from AD 1901 to 1946,and increasing again thereafter. This variation is quite similar to that of the Drought/Flooding index archived from Chinese historical documents. This speleothem-derived AM record shows a close association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between AD 1875 and 1977,with higher monsoonal precipitation corre-sponding to cold PDO phase and vice versa at decadal timescale. The monsoonal precipitation varia-tion is out of phase with the PDO after AD 1977,probably resulting from the decadal climate jump in the north Pacific occurring at around AD 1976/77. These results demonstrate a strong linkage between the AM and associated precipitation and the Pacific Ocean via ocean/atmosphere interaction. This rela-tionship will aid to forecast future hydrological cycle for the AM monsoon region,and to improve forecasting potential of climatic model with observation data from cave.

关键词：石笋同位素季风降水

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四套全球网格降水数据集在伊朗的适用性评估

地理研究 2022年第11期41卷 3021-3035页

作者：马帅李晨曦刘言陈建徽陈发虎黄伟兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院青藏高原研究所高山生态与生物多样性重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越中心北京100101

伊朗由于其独特的地理位置和脆弱的生态环境一直以来都是气候变化研究的热点区域,降水作为伊朗水资源的重要来源对生态环境和社会经济发展尤为重要,因此评估降水数据集的适用性是进行科学研究的基础。本文利用伊朗1988—2017年103个观... 详细信息

伊朗由于其独特的地理位置和脆弱的生态环境一直以来都是气候变化研究的热点区域,降水作为伊朗水资源的重要来源对生态环境和社会经济发展尤为重要,因此评估降水数据集的适用性是进行科学研究的基础。本文利用伊朗1988—2017年103个观测站的年降水数据(OBS),以平均偏差(Mean Error,ME)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)、相关系数(correlation coefficient,R)对Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC)V2020、Climatic Research Unit(CRU)TS 4.05、Terrestrial Air Temperature and Precipitation:Monthly and Annual Time Series(UDEL)V5.01和NOAA’s Precipitation Reconstruction over Land(PREC)四套全球网格降水数据集在伊朗的适用性进行评估,并进一步分析了地形对不同数据集精度的影响。研究结果显示:(1)GPCC降水数据偏差最小,与观测数据相关性最高,最适合伊朗现代气候变化研究。(2)GPCC、CRU、和UDEL均能反映伊朗降水的基本特征,但普遍会低估降水高值,PREC数据不能准确反映伊朗降水的空间分布模态,因此使用PREC数据分析伊朗降水特征时应当谨慎。(3)海拔和坡度对ME、RMSE以及R有一定影响,坡向对数据集精度影响不大。以上结论可为四套数据的订正及其在伊朗地区气候变化研究中的应用提供科学依据。

关键词：伊朗降水数据集评估精度海拔坡度

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中国地理科学学科体系

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第9期32卷 1637-1641页

作者：陈发虎李新吴绍洪樊杰熊巨华张国友 State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resource and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing100101China Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China Department of Earth Science National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing100085China The Geographical Society of China Beijing100101China

International and domestic circumstances have led to new opportunities and higher requirements for the development of geographic science in China.In this paper,we propose a modified disciplinary structure for geographic science in China in the new era.Geographic science in China can be categorized into four secondary disciplines,i.e.,integrated geography,physical geography,human geography,and information geography,according to the current situation and expected trends.The tertiary disciplines under each secondary discipline are nearly fully developed,and a few quaternary disciplines under the tertiary disciplines are widely accepted and used in China.We hope this new disciplinary structure can play a breakthrough role in improving the branches of geographic science,promoting the development of emerging disciplines under the framework of geographic science,and supporting national and international development strategies in the new era.

关键词： geographic science integrated geography physical geography human geography information geography disciplinary structure

The environmental signal of an early Holocene pollen record from the Shiyang River basin lake sediments, NW China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第4期47卷 267-273页

作者： ZHU Yan, chen fahu & Madsen DavidCollege of geography and Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China National Key Laboratory of West Environmental System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China Utah Geological Surv College of geography and Environment Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China National Key Laboratory of West Environmental System Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Utah Geological Survey Utah USA

Pollen analyses of 85 samples from the San-jiaocheng section well along the margin of a palaeolake at the end of the Shiyang River, NW China, show that Picea and Sabina dominate the pollen assemblage. Together they reach as high as 40%-60%, with the percentage of Picea varying inversely with that of Sabina. Similar results were obtained from another section in the Shiyang River drainage. Using modern ecological habitat relationship analogues, pol-len transport characteristics, and the overall pollen assem-blage, we propose that both Picea and Sabina pollen were transported by the river from the mountains at the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, and that the assemblage is more indicative of changes in upland vegetation than of local conditions near the section. This interpretation is supported by pollen data derived from surface samples, water samples, and riverbed samples. Using a moisture indicator (the Picea to Sabina ratio) and calculated pollen concentrations, we identify a series of

关键词： NW China The environmental signal of an early Holocene pollen record from the Shiyang River basin lake sediments

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自然地理学学科体系与发展战略要点

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第9期32卷 1642-1653页

作者：陈发虎吴绍洪刘鸿雁杨晓燕刘建宝 State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing100101China Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Physical geography,one of the branches of geography,is the basic discipline of geographic science.And it is the scientific foundation of ecology,environmental science and other related disciplines.Physical geography focuses on spatial characteristics,evolution and regional differentiation of the earth’s surface.In the new period of rapid development of social economy,and science and technology,physical geography is more closely and widely connected with human geography and,information geography.This paper analyzed the forming process of the physical geography,expressed sub-discipline structure of integrated physical geography,sectoral physical geography,human living-environment geography,and proposed the development strategy of physical geography and its sub-branch disciplines,key priority of development goals and directions in China.

关键词： physical geography disciplinary structure development strategy

维普期刊数据库评论

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后新冠疫情时代的气候变化

Science Bulletin 2020年第23期65卷 1958-1960页

作者：焦念志陈发虎侯增谦 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education(LORE)at Dalhousie University HalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Shandong University Ji'nan 266200China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China National Natural Science Foundation of China Beijing 100085China

An unprecedented global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic evokes the world’s thinking about the future of humankind. This pandemic is no doubt one of the major disasters in human history, comparable to the medieval Black Death(bubonic plague), and the 1918 influenza. It is even called the ‘‘Third World War" because of the profound impacts on the political, economic and global order.Doomed as historical event。

关键词： doubt profound thinking

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丹尼索瓦人及其研究进展

科学通报 2020年第25期65卷 2763-2774页

作者：夏欢张东菊陈发虎兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院青藏高原研究所高寒生态重点实验室北京100010 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心北京100101

根据2010年俄罗斯阿尔泰山丹尼索瓦洞出土的古人类手指骨的线粒体和全基因组测序分析结果,遗传学家提出并命名一支新的已灭绝古老型人类--丹尼索瓦人(Denisovans,简称为丹人).这支神秘的古人类引发了第四纪年代学、考古学、古人类学、... 详细信息

根据2010年俄罗斯阿尔泰山丹尼索瓦洞出土的古人类手指骨的线粒体和全基因组测序分析结果,遗传学家提出并命名一支新的已灭绝古老型人类--丹尼索瓦人(Denisovans,简称为丹人).这支神秘的古人类引发了第四纪年代学、考古学、古人类学、遗传学等多领域学者们的广泛关注,相关研究取得显著进展.时空分布方面,化石记录显示丹人在丹尼索瓦洞的生活时间为195~52 ka,至少于160 ka已出现在青藏高原东北部的白石崖溶洞,已知的分布区域从阿尔泰山扩展至东亚地区;石器制作技术方面,丹尼索瓦洞的丹人可能使用了勒瓦娄哇和石叶技术,而白石崖溶洞的石制品则主要由简单石核石片技术打制而成;体质形态方面,丹尼索瓦洞出土的丹人化石碎片提供了指骨、牙齿等有限形态信息,夏河人右侧下颌骨化石则提供了丹人较为全面的下颌骨形态特征;遗传特征方面,丹人明显区别于同期主要分布于欧亚大陆西部的尼安德特人,且内部存在深度分化,并对大洋洲、东亚和南亚现生人群及美洲土著人群有着基因贡献.尽管新发现与新成果不断揭示丹人的特征信息,但我们对这一人群仍知之甚少,未来在白石崖溶洞遗址的持续发掘和深入研究,有望提供更多丹人的体质形态、遗传特征和文化内涵等信息,揭示丹人对高海拔环境的适应机制.此外,在中国开展丹人与东亚古老型智人和早期现代人之间关系的深入探讨,将有助于进一步推动东亚古人类演化研究.

关键词：丹尼索瓦人人类演化现代人起源西伯利亚青藏高原

High-resolution climate change in mid-late Holocene on Tianchi Lake,Liupan Mountain in the Loess Plateau in central China and its significance

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Science Bulletin 2010年第20期55卷 2118-2121页

作者： ZHOU AiFeng,SUN HuiLing,chen fahu ,ZHAO Yan,AN chengBang,DONG GuangHui,WANG ZongLi & chen JianHui Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research,Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education),Lanzhou 730000,China Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou China

According to a core from Tianchi Lake,Liupan Mountain in Loess Plateau sediment,fossil pollen assemblages,magnetic susceptibility(MS)and color scale were measured based on reliable Abies leaf macrofossils radiocarbon chronology.We recovered a very good high-resolution mid-late Holocene climate change achieve for the transition area of the East Asia monsoon region and northwest arid region.The results show that the basic climate background was in agreement with the records from cave records in monsoon regions in eastern China.Besides,it shows more detailed records in abrupt climate change.

关键词： high resolution mid-late Holocene Tianchi Lake

史前人类探索、适应和定居青藏高原的历程及其阶段性讨论

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地理科学 2022年第1期42卷 1-14页

作者：陈发虎夏欢高玉张东菊杨晓燕董广辉中国科学院青藏高原研究所古生态与人类适应团队北京100101 青藏高原地球系统与资源环境国家重点实验室北京100101 兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

系统梳理了近年来的考古发现与研究成果,总结出人类向青藏高原扩散直至定居的5个阶段性发展过程:古老型智人自中更新世晚期就开始了对高原的适应;现代智人于40~30 ka前已经开启了对高原腹地的探索;末次冰消期以来的气候转暖时段,细石器... 详细信息

系统梳理了近年来的考古发现与研究成果,总结出人类向青藏高原扩散直至定居的5个阶段性发展过程:古老型智人自中更新世晚期就开始了对高原的适应;现代智人于40~30 ka前已经开启了对高原腹地的探索;末次冰消期以来的气候转暖时段,细石器人群向高原大范围扩散,并在全新世早中期的活动更为频繁;粟作农业人群至少在5.2 ka前进入高原东部低海拔的河谷地带,在4.8 ka以后开始定居在高原东部3 000 m以上海拔的区域;3.5 ka以来麦作的传入和牧业经济的发展助力人群大规模定居高海拔区域。人类在向高原扩散和定居的过程中经历了漫长的生理与文化适应,但受限于当前考古发现与研究材料,史前狩猎采集、农业和牧业等人群在高原的时空分布、对高海拔环境的生理与行为适应﹑与低海拔人群和以藏族为主的现代高原人群之间的联系,以及高寒地区河谷农业和山地高原面游牧双重经济活动对高寒文明形成的支撑作用和高寒文明的普适性等问题仍需要深入研究,期待未来多学科交叉融合共同推动对这些问题的理解。

关键词：青藏高原极端环境人类适应环境考古人类活动历史