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Dust storms in northern China and their significance for the concept of the Anthropocene

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第5期65卷 921-933页

作者： Jianbao LIU Jie chen Shengqian chen Xinwei YAN Haoran DONG Fahu chen Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

A key scientific issue in the study of the Anthropocene is the determination of the corresponding stratigraphic marker in geological archives.The arid and semi-arid regions of Asia are the second largest dust source on Earth,and their release,transport and deposition of dust affect global climate change,as well as marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles.Over the past~2000 years,human activity has outpaced natural climatic variability as the dominant control of dust storms in northern China.Thus,exploring the potential of anthropogenic Asian dust as a marker of the Anthropocene and its impacts on lake ecosystems may contribute to an improved definition of the characteristics and timing of the Anthropocene.In this context,we measured spectrally-inferred chlorophyll a from the sediments of an undisturbed alpine lake in northern China,and compared the results with dust storm data from the same cores and with regional climatic records.Asian dust is a widely distributed,globally significant signal of human activity,and it is also well preserved in various geological archives;hence,we propose anthropogenic dust can be considered as a potential marker of the Anthropocene.Anthropogenic dust signals in stratigraphic records during the past~2000 years differ substantially from those during the early and middle Holocene,which demonstrates that,at least since~2000 years ago,human activity has exceeded the natural forcing of dust transport in northern China.We therefore propose that there are spatial and temporal differences in the onset of the Anthropocene,as defined by anthropogenic dust deposition,which is therefore time-transgressive.Our spectrally-inferred chlorophyll a record is consistent with dust storm activity over the past~2000 years(except since the 1950s),suggesting that anthropogenic dust storms were the dominant control on lake primary production.Prior to the 1950s the interactions of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),human activity,dust storms and lake ecosystems resulted in a shift from a pattern in whi

关键词： Anthropocene Stratigraphic marker Dust storms Lake primary production Time-transgressive Great Acceleration

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Information geography: The information revolution reshapes geography

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第2期65卷 379-382页

作者： Xin LI Donghai ZHENG Min FENG Fahu chen State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resource and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The information revolution has been one of the driving forces to the innovation in geography. However, environmental remote sensing, geographic information science and technology, and geocomputing, which once resided within the family of geography, are gradually moving close to information science but are alienated from geography. Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine the interactive convergence of geography and information science, and advance the disciplinary system of geographic science to accommodate the researches with information as subjects and methods. In this paper, we propose to reformulate the relationship between geographic science and information science with a new discipline, i.e., information geography, which not only refers to the geography of information but also a methodological system for studying geography using information science.This paper summarizes the background of information geography’s emergence, its definition, and the difference and similarities with other disciplinary concepts. The impact of information geography on geographic paradigm shift is also investigated from the ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspectives.

关键词： Information geography Geography Information revolution Methodology Geographic paradigm

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Weakened East Asian summer monsoon triggers increased precipitation in Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第5期64卷 835-837页

作者： Fahu chen Jie chen Wei HUANG Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology(LAE) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Increased precipitation/humidity in Northwest China is an important scientific issue in the context of global climatic warming(chen et al.,2019).The climate of Northwest China is dominated by the westerly circulation and its water vapor is supplied mainly by the mid-latitude westerlies,with the rainy season occurring in summer(chen et al.,2019;Zhang et al.,2019a).

关键词： Northwest summer precipitation

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Estimation of China’s terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink:Methods,progress and prospects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 641-651页

作者： Shilong PIAO Yue HE Xuhui WANG Fahu chen College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

China announced its national goal to reach the peak of carbon emission by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060,during the General Assembly of the United Nations in September 2020.In this context,the potential of the carbon sink in China’s terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions has attracted unprecedented attention from scientific communities,policy makers and the public.Here,we reviewed the assessments on China’s terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink,with focus on the principles,frameworks and methods of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink estimates,as well as the recent progress and existing problems.Looking forward,we identified critical issues for improving the accuracy and precision of China’s terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink,in order to serve the more realistic policy making in pathways to achieve carbon neutrality for China.

关键词： Terrestrial ecosystem Carbon sink Carbon neutrality China

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Increased water vapor supply in winter and spring leading to the arid Central Asian wetting in last 6000 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1353-1367页

作者： Xu ZHANG Bo LIU Shengqian chen Zhenhao FU Tingting XIE Fahu chen Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental SystemsMinistry of Education College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaption Group(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China

Paleoclimate reconstructions show that the arid Central Asia(ACA)is characterized by a wetting trend from the midHolocene(MH)to the Preindustrial period(PI),which has been acknowledged to be a result of increased mean precipitation.However,a systemic understanding of its governing dynamics remains elusive.Based on model outputs from 13 climate models from the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project phase 4(PMIP4)and proxy records from ACA,here we show that increase in mean precipitation in ACA can be attributed to changes in water vapor source and its transport intensity in winter(December,January,and February)and spring(March,April,and May).In particular,the increase in water vapor supply in winter is associated with the southerly wind anomaly over the northwestern Indian Ocean and Central Asia,caused by an overall weakening of the Asian winter monsoon.This is conducive to water vapor transport from the upwind regions(e.g.,Mediterranean)to ACA.Meanwhile,water vapor supply from the eastern Iceland is also enhanced due to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation-like(NAO-like)atmospheric circulation pattern caused by sea ice expansion in the North Atlantic.In spring,evaporation over land and inland lakes is enhanced by increased insolation in the Northern Hemisphere,which increases atmospheric humidity that fuels midlatitude westerlies to enhance ACA precipitation.In addition,weakened atmospheric subsidence over ACA in winter and spring also contributes to the increased precipitation.Overall,our results indicate that paleoclimate modeling is of great importance for disentangling governing dynamics accounting for reconstructed climate phenomena that might be a synergic consequence of several processes operating in different seasons.

关键词： Arid Central Asia Precipitation Mid-Holocene Paleoclimate simulation

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Earliest hand-and footprint art indicates that Denisovans may have occupied the interior of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau since 200 thousand years ago

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 769-772页

作者： Fahu chen Huan XIA Zhenxiu JIA Dongju ZHANG Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Beijing 100101China MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

As a result of rapid uplift since the late Cenozoic, the Tibetan Plateau eventually developed an enormous area(3.08 million km^(2)) and became the highest elevation plateau on Earth. The cold and hypoxic environments of the Tibetan Plateau,combined with the strong solar radiation receipt and lack of biological resources, present a major challenge to the occupation and expansion of humans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau interior

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Discussion of the“warming and wetting”trend and its future variation in the drylands of Northwest China under global warming

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1241-1257页

作者： Fahu chen Tingting XIE Yujie YANG Shengqian chen Feng chen Wei HUANG Jie chen Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research(ITPCAS)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Physical and Chemical Research of the Chinese Meteorological Administration Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree-Ring EcologyInstitute of Desert MeteorologyChinese Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Since Shi et al.proposed that the climate in the drylands of Northwest China experienced a significant transition from a“warming and drying”trend to a“warming and wetting”trend in the 1980s,researchers have conducted numerous studies on the variations in precipitation and humidity in the region and even in arid Central Asia.In particular,the process of the“warming and wetting”trend by using obtained measurement data received much attention.However,there remain uncertainties about whether the“warming and wetting”trend has paused and what its future variations may be.In this study,we examined the spatiotemporal variations in temperature,precipitation,the aridity index(AI),vegetation,and runoff during 1950-2019.The results showed that the climate in the drylands of Northwest China and the northern Tibetan Plateau is persistently warming and wetting since the 1980s,with an acceleration since the 1990s.The precipitation/humidity variations in North China,which are mainly influenced by summer monsoon,are generally opposite to those in the drylands of Northwest China.This reverse change is mainly controlled by an anomalous anticyclone over Mongolia,which leads to an anomalous easterly wind,reduced water vapor output,and increased precipitation in the drylands of Northwest China.While it also causes an anomalous descending motion,increased water vapor divergence,and decreased precipitation in North China.Precipitation is the primary controlling factor of humidity,which ultimately forms the spatiotemporal pattern of the“westerlies-dominated climatic regime”of antiphase precipitation/humidity variations between the drylands of Northwest China and monsoonal region of North China.The primary reasons behind the debate of the“warming and wetting”trend in Northwest China were due to the use of different time series lengths,regional ranges,and humidity indices in previous analyses.Since the EC-Earth3 has a good performance for simulating precipitation and humidity in Northwest and North China.By using its simulated results,we fo

关键词： The drylands of Northwest China “Warming and wetting”transition Sustained“warming and wetting” Westerliesdominated climatic regime Moderate warming

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Spatiotemporal changes of epidemics and their relationship with human living environments in China over the past 2200 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第8期63卷 1223-1226页

作者： Shengsheng GONG Haichao XIE Fahu chen College of Urban and Environmental Sciences/Research Institute of Sustainable Development Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Epidemics are biological disasters resulting from the widespread occurrence of acute and severe infectious diseases that are normally caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites.They are amongst the most destructive of all natural disasters suffered by humans (Gong, 2019). The pathogens that cause epidemics have always existed in nature, understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of past epidemics is important for preventing and controlling future epidemics.

关键词： epidemic acute diseases

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A review on the spread of prehistoric agriculture from southern China to mainland Southeast Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第5期63卷 615-625页

作者： Yu GAO Guanghui DONG Xiaoyan YANG Fahu chen Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology(LAE) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The origins and spread of agriculture was one of the milestones in human history.When and how prehistoric agriculture spread to mainland Southeast Asia is highly concerned,which contributed to the formation of modern Austroasiatic in this region.Previous studies mainly focused on the time and route of rice agriculture’s introduction into Southeast Asia while millet agriculture was not paid proper attention.Here we analyze 31214C dating data yielded from charred seeds of rice(Oryza sativa),foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum)from 128 archaeological sites in China and mainland Southeast Asia.The result shows that millet farming was introduced to mainland Southeast Asia in the late third millennium BC and rice farming was in the late second millennium BC.The agriculture of mainland Southeast Asia might originate from three areas,Southwest China,Guangxi-West Guangdong and coastal Fujian.The spread route of ancient agriculture in Southwest China is close to the“Southwest Silk Road”recorded in literature,which implies there was possibly a channel of cultural exchanges on the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau already in the late Neolithic period,laying the foundation for the Southwest Silk Road later.

关键词： Mainland Southeast Asia Southern China Agriculture spread Prehistoric age Southwest Silk Road

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Differences in the evolutionary pattern of dust storms over the past 2000 years between eastern and western China and the driving mechanisms

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第9期63卷 1422-1424页

作者： Shengqian chen Jianbao LIU Jianhui chen Fahu chen Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The arid and semi-arid region of East Asia,principally including the deserts in eastern and western China,is the main dust source of the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storm activity in the region has attracted much researc... 详细信息

关键词： storm eastern dust

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