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Finding the real COVID-19 case-fatality rates for SAARC countries

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第3期3卷 164-171页

作者： Md Rafil Tazir shah Tanvir Ahammed Aniqua Anjum Anisa ahmed Chowdhury Afroza Jannat Suchana Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh Biomedical Research Foundation Dhaka 1230Bangladesh

The crude case fatality rate(CFR),because of the calculation method,is the most accurate when the pandemic is over since there is a possibility of the delay between disease onset and *** crude CFR measures can better explain the pandemic situation by improving the CFR ***,no study has thoroughly investigated the COVID-19 adjusted CFR of the South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation(SAARC)*** study estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted CFR of COVID-19 for these ***,we assessed the crude CFR between genders and across age groups and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in *** the daily records up to October 9,we implemented a statistical method to remove the delay between disease onset and outcome bias,and due to asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases,reporting rates lower than 50%(95%CI:10%–50%)bias in crude *** found that Afghanistan had the highest CFR,followed by Pakistan,India,Bangladesh,Nepal,Maldives,and Sri *** estimated crude CFR varied from 3.708%to 0.290%,survival interval adjusted CFR varied from 3.767%to 0.296%and further underreporting adjusted CFR varied from 1.096%to 0.083%.Furthermore,the crude CFRs for men were significantly higher than that of women in Afghanistan(4.034%vs.2.992%)and Bangladesh(1.739%vs.1.337%)whereas the opposite was observed in Maldives(0.284%vs.0.390%),Nepal(0.006%vs.0.007%),and Pakistan(2.057%vs.2.080%).Besides,older age groups had higher risks of ***,crude CFR increased from 1.261%to 1.572%after imposing the COVID-19 test fees in ***,the authorities of countries with higher CFR should be looking for strategic counsel from the countries with lower CFR to equip themselves with the necessary knowledge to combat the ***,caution is needed to report the CFR.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Case fatality rates SAARC Southeast Asia

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Analysis of Bifenthrin Degrading Bacteria from Rhizosphere of Plants Growing at Tannery Solid Waste

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2042-2050页

作者： Mukhtar ahmed Farkhanda Jabeen Muhammad Ali Zarnab Ahmad Fayyaz ahmed Muhammad Bilal Sarwar Salah ud Din Mubbashir Hassan shah Jahan Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Botany University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Bifenthrin is an insecticide which is used to control insects, mites, and ticks. It poses a solemn en-vironmental threat and health risk to living organisms. It may be bioaccumulated or biomagnified at different trophic levels in the food chain by biota. Microbes are hidden creature of earth’s biodiversity. For isolation of bifenthrin degrading bacteria, rhizospheric soil samples of plants like Pisum sativum, Triticun aestvum, Chenopodium album were taken from tannery solid waste, Kasur, Pakistan. Enrichment culture techniques were used for the isolation of bacterial strains that showed luxurious growth on minimal growth media with bifenthrin dose was selected for biodegradation study. Bacteria were further screened out based on their morphological, biochemical parameters and degradation efficiency. Furthermore the effect of different growth factors like temperature, pH, inoculum concencentration, minimal inhibitory concentration of heavy metals and antibiotics were also studied. Bacterial strains of Xanthomonas and Bacillus sp. were identified as efficient degrading microbes. Maximum bifenthrin utilization were observed at 25°C (pH 7), with 500 μL inoculum of Bacillus sp., while Xanthomonas sp. gave optimm utilization at 30°C (pH 7) at the same inoculum volume of bacteria. The Rf values of Bacillus sp. and Xanthomonas sp. were 0.91 and 0.90 respectively, which indicated their potential to metabolize bifenthrin into nontoxic forms. These strains can be used to clean up the sites polluted with pesticides and tannery wastes when present in rhizosphere of plants.

关键词： Bifenthrin Biodegradation Tannery Solid Waste Rhizosphere

Deep Learning Framework for Precipitation Prediction Using Cloud Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 4201-4213页

作者： Mirza Adnan Baig Ghulam Ali Mallah Noor ahmed Shaikh shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur77150Pakistan

Precipitation prediction(PP)have become one of the significant research areas of deep learning(DL)and machine vision(MV)techniques are frequently used to predict the weather variables(WV).Since the climate change has left significant impact upon weather variables(WV)and continuously changes are observed in temperature,humidity,cloud patterns and other *** cloud images contain sufficient information to predict the precipitation pattern but due to changes in climate,the complex cloud patterns and rapid shape changing behavior of clouds are difficult to consider for rainfall *** of rainfall would provide more meticulous assistance to the farmers to know about the weather conditions and to care their cash *** research proposes a framework to classify the dark cloud patterns(DCP)for prediction of *** framework consists upon three steps to classify the cloud images,first step tackles noise reduction operations,feature selection and preparation of *** step construct the decision model by using convolutional neural network(CNN)and third step presents the performance visualization by using confusion matrix,precision,recall and accuracy *** research contributes(1)real-world clouds datasets(2)method to prepare datasets(3)highest classification accuracy to predict estimated as 96.90%.

关键词： Machine vision SIFT features dark cloud patterns precipitation agriculture

A recurrent homozygous missense mutation in CCDC103 causes asthenoteratozoospermia due to disorganized dynein arms

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第3期24卷 255-259页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Ranjha Khan Ao Ma Uzma Hameed Mazhar Khan Tanveer Abbas Riaz Ahmad Jian-Teng Zhou Wasim shah Ansar Hussain Nisar ahmed Ihsan Khan Khalid Khan Yuan-Wei Zhang Huan Zhang Li-Min Wu Qing-Hua Shi The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseasesSchool of Life SciencesCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Government College UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Medical Genetics Research Laboratory Department of BiotechnologyQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Asthenoteratozoospermia is one of the most severe types of qualitative sperm *** cases are due to mutations in genes encoding the components of sperm flagella,which have an ultrastructure similar to that of motile ***-coil domain containing 103(CCDC103)is an outer dynein arm assembly factor,and pathogenic variants of CCDC103 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD).However,whether CCDC103 pathogenic variants cause severe asthenoteratozoospermia has yet to be ***-exome sequencing(WES)was performed for two individuals with nonsyndromic asthenoteratozoospermia in a consanguineous family.A homozygous CCDC103 variant segregating recessively with an infertility phenotype was identified(ENST00000035776.2,c.461A>C,***154Pro).CCDC103 ***154Pro was previously reported as a high prevalence mutation causing PCD,though the reproductive phenotype of these PCD individuals is *** electron microscopy(TEM)of affected individuals’spermatozoa showed that the mid-piece was severely damaged with disorganized dynein arms,similar to the abnormal ultrastructure of respiratory ciliary of PCD individuals with the same ***,our findings expand the phenotype spectrum of CCDC103 ***154Pro as a novel pathogenic gene for nonsyndromic asthenospermia.

关键词： asthenoteratozoospermia CCDC103 dynein arms male infertility

National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

Efect　of　Auxinson　Rooting　of　Appleinvitro

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 1996年第3期 107-110页

作者： Mohammad Jamil ahmed 1 Iqrar ahmed Khan 2 Ghazanfar Ali shah 3(1 University College,Rawalakot,Pakistan 2 Plant Tissue Culture Cell,Deptt. of Horticulture,University of Agric. Faisalabad,Pakistan 3 Agriculture Extension Department,

苹果（品种“Ｑｕｅｔｔａａｍｒｉ，“Ｋｕｌｕ”，“Ｋａｓｈｍｉｒｉａｍｒｉ”）幼芽（茎）培养在含不同水平（０～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）ＩＢＡ，ＮＡＡ或ＩＡＡ的１／２ＭＳ培养基上时，可以分化出根．与其它品种相比，“Ｋａｓｈｍｉ... 详细信息

苹果（品种“Ｑｕｅｔｔａａｍｒｉ，“Ｋｕｌｕ”，“Ｋａｓｈｍｉｒｉａｍｒｉ”）幼芽（茎）培养在含不同水平（０～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）ＩＢＡ，ＮＡＡ或ＩＡＡ的１／２ＭＳ培养基上时，可以分化出根．与其它品种相比，“Ｋａｓｈｍｉｒｉａｍｒｉ”最易生根．各品种在低浓度生长素水平下的生根效果较好．ＩＢＡ比ＮＡＡ和ＩＡＡ对生根的促进作用大，在不含生长素的培养基上幼芽（茎）不能生根

关键词：组织培养生长素苹果苗生根影响

Effectiveness of preventive medicine education and its determinants among medical students in Malaysia

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第1期10卷 91-100页

作者： Shirin Anil Mohamed Shukry Zawahir Redhwan ahmed A1-Naggar public Health Solutions Pakistan lslamabad 44000 Pakistan Department of Pharmacy University of Ruhuna Galle 70 Sri Lanka Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia

Preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the familiarity with, perception about the importance to learn, and the ability to practice preventive medicine as well as its determinants among the medical students in Malaysia. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey among 387 randomly selected final year medical students of four large public medical schools in Malaysia from March to September 2014. Of the total sample, 340 （response rate 87.8%） gave a written informed consent and took part in the survey. The familiarity of the sample with preventive medicine was measured in 19 preventive medicine areas, and their perception about the importance of preventive medicine and their ability to practice it were gauged on a Likert scale （low score indicates disagreement and high indicates agreement）. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 23.7 （SD 0.77） years, and 61.2% （n = 208） of them were females. Results showed that 22.9% of the sample （n = 78） had a low familiarity with preventive medicine, whereas 76.8% （n = 261） had a high familiarity. The study sample specified that among all the preventive medicine subjects, screening and control as well as smoking cessation and immunization are ＂extremely important to learn.＂ In univariable analysis, being a female, medical school, family size, and perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine were associated with the ability to practice it. In multivariable analysis, the perception towards the importance to learn preventive medicine was the only significant determinant： aOR （adjusted odds ratio） for those who ＂agreed＂ 17.28 （95% CI aOR 4.44 - 67.26, P 〈 0.001） and for ＂strongly agreed＂ 35.87 （95% CI aOR 8.04 - 159.87, P 〈 0.001）. Consideri

关键词： preventive medicine medical school medical students

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Assessment of Retreatment Tuberculosis Cases amongst All Tuberculosis Cases Notification in District Swat 2015-2017: A Retrospective Cohort Review

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第1期7卷 11-18页

作者： Zahir shah Maqsood Ali Khan Hina Najmi Razia Fatima Aashifa Yaqoob Abdul Ghafoor ahmed Wali Amjad Khan shah Hasan Khan Ghulam Mustafa Halepota Provincial Tuberculosis Control Program Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Sukh Initiative Aman Health Care Services Karachi Pakistan National Tuberculosis Control Program Islamabad Pakistan Provincial Tuberculosis Control Program Quetta Pakistan Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center Lahore Pakistan

Retreatment Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a neglected area in global TB control. To determine the notification of re-treatment Tuberculosis TB cases among all enrolled TB patients, we conducted a retrospective cohort review of routine program data from 2015-2017. A total of 8663 tuberculosis cases (all new and old forms) were registered at the study site. Of these, 1916 (22%) were pulmonary bacteriological confirmed;3498 (40.37%) were pulmonary clinical diagnosed and 3396 (39.20%) were clinically or bacteriological confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Retreatment cases trend was found to be increased from 1% in 2015 to 1.6% in 2017. Majority of re-treatment cases were in the age group 18 - 43 years and only 7 patients were under the age of 15 years. This concludes that notification of re-treatment cases is very low among all enrolled TB patients and this could be possibly due to the fact that most of the re-treatment cases were registered as new cases or misdiagnosed. There is need and space to increase retreatment cases. Most of the re-treatment cases were usually converted to MDR-TB (Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis) as noted in PMDT (Programmatic management of Drugs resistant tuberculosis) site. Therefore, proper history and diagnosis should be encouraged at the time of case notification.

关键词： Retreatment TB Cases Retrospective Cohort Swat Pakistan

Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Ag/ZnO Nanocomposities Fabricated by Co-Precipitation Method

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 223-232页

作者： Md.Abdus Subhan M.R.Awal Tanzir ahmed M.Younus Department of Chemistry Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology

A Ag/ZnO nanocomposite has been synthesized and characterized for investigating its photocatalytic activity. The morphology and particle size of the Ag/ZnO was studied by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and the microstructure of the as-synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis. The elemental com- position of the metal oxide was determined by energy dispersion spectrometry （EDS）. Diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）, Photoluminescence （PL） spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） were also studied for characterizing the nanocomposite. The average particle size was found to be around 20-30 nm. Photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO has been investigated over methyl violet （6B） dye under UV and visible light irradiation. The degradation of methyl violet （6B） dye using ZnO and Ag/ZnO was compared and found that Ag/ZnO composite is more efficient than ZnO. The rate of disappearance of dye was monitored spectrophotometrically in the maximum visible absorption wavelength and the extent of degradation was discussed in terms of Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The Ag/ZnO composite was found capable of degrading the industrial dye effluent. Effect of H202 addition on dye degradation by the Ag/ZnO was investigated and Ag/ ZnO was found to be an effective antimicrobial agent. Reusability of Ag/ZnO catalyst was also tested.

关键词： Nanocomposite Photocatalyst Metal oxide Dye degradation Photoluminescence

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