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How Good is Google Bard's Visual Understanding? An Empirical Study on Open Challenges

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Machine Intelligence Research 2023年第5期20卷 605-613页

作者： Haotong Qin Ge-Peng Ji Salman khan Deng-Ping Fan fahad Shahbaz khan Luc Van Gool Computer Vision Lab(CVL) ETH ZurichZurich 8001Switzerland College of Engineering Computing&CyberneticsAustralian National UniversityCanberra 8105Australia Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi 999041UAE

Google's Bard has emerged as a formidable competitor to OpenAI's ChatGPT in the field of conversational ***,Bard has recently been updated to handle visual inputs alongside text prompts during *** Bard's impressive track record in handling textual inputs,we explore its capabilities in understanding and interpreting visual data(images)conditioned by text *** exploration holds the potential to unveil new insights and challenges for Bard and other forthcoming multi-modal Generative models,especially in addressing complex computer vision problems that demand accurate visual and language ***,in this study,we focus on 15 diverse task scenarios encompassing regular,camouflaged,medical,under-water and remote sensing data to comprehensively evaluate Bard's *** primary finding indicates that Bard still struggles in these vision scenarios,highlighting the significant gap in vision-based understanding that needs to be bridged in future *** expect that this empirical study will prove valuable in advancing future models,leading to enhanced capabilities in comprehending and interpreting finegrained visual *** project is released on https://***/htqin/GoogleBard-VisUnderstand.

关键词： Google Bard multi-modal understanding visual comprehension large language models conversational AI chatbot.

An Intelligent Cluster Optimization Algorithm for Smart Body Area Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3795-3814页

作者： Adil Mushtaq Muhammad Nadeem Majeed Farhan Aadil Muhammad fahad khan Sangsoon Lim Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAttock CampusPakistan Department of Computer Engineering Sungkyul UniversityAnyang430010Korea

Body Area Networks(BODYNETs)or Wireless Body Area Networks(WBAN),being an important type of ad-hoc network,plays a vital role in multimedia,safety,and traffic management *** BODYNETs,rapid topology changes occur due to high node mobility,which affects the scalability of the *** clustering is one mechanism among many others,which is used to overcome this issue in *** are many clustering algorithms used in this domain to overcome this ***,these algorithms generate a large number of Cluster Heads(CHs),which results in scarce resource utilization and degraded *** this research,an efficient clustering technique is proposed to handle these *** transmission range of BODYNET nodes is dynamically tuned accordingly as per their operational *** optimizing the transmission range,the packet loss ratio is minimized,and link quality is improved,which leads to reduced energy *** select optimal CHs the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)is used based on their fitness,which enhances the network performance by reducing routing *** proposed scheme outclasses the existing state-of-the-art techniques,e.g.,Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),Gray Wolf Optimization(GWO),and Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm(DFA)in terms of energy consumption and cluster building time.

关键词： Bodynets WBAN clustering ad-hoc networks whale optimizer artificial neural networks intelligent transportation system

Construction and Optimization of TRNG Based Substitution Boxes for Block Encryption Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2679-2696页

作者： Muhammad fahad khan Khalid Saleem Mohammed Alotaibi Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi Eid Rehman Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi Muhammad Asif Gondal Quaid e Azam University Islamabad45320Pakistan Foundation University Islamabad Islamabad44000Pakistan College of Business Administration University of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Sciences Dhofar UniversitySalalah211Oman

Internet of Things is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that are accessible through the *** recent research focuses on adding more smartness and intelligence to these edge *** makes them susceptible to various kinds of security *** edge devices rely on cryptographic techniques to encrypt the pre-processed data collected from the sensors deployed in the *** this regard,block cipher has been one of the most reliable options through which data security is *** strength of block encryption algorithms against different attacks is dependent on its nonlinear primitive which is called Substitution *** the design of S-boxes mainly algebraic and chaos-based techniques are used but researchers also found various weaknesses in these *** the other side,literature endorse the true random numbers for information security due to the reason that,true random numbers are purely *** this paper firstly a natural dynamical phenomenon is utilized for the generation of true random numbers based ***,a systematic literature review was conducted to know which metaheuristic optimization technique is highly adopted in the current decade for the optimization of *** on the outcome of Systematic Literature Review(SLR),genetic algorithm is chosen for the optimization of *** results of our method validate that the proposed dynamic S-boxes are effective for the block ***,our results showed that the proposed substitution boxes achieve better cryptographic strength as compared with state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： IoT security sensors data encryption substitution box generation True Random Number Generators(TRNG) heuristic optimization genetic algorithm

On the Performance Analysis of One Tap Equalizers in Oversampled OFDM Systems

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2018年第9期11卷 187-198页

作者： Hassan Ali fahad khan School of Electrical Engineering and Computing The University of Newcastle Callaghan Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan

Oversampling is commonly encountered in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to ease various performance characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the performance and complexity of one tap zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers in oversampled OFDM systems. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that oversampling not only reduces the noise at equalizer output but also helps mitigate ill effects of spectral nulls. One tap equalizers therefore yield improved symbol-error-rate (SER) performance with the increase in oversampling rate, but at the expense of increased system bandwidth and modest complexity requirements.

关键词： One Tap Equalization Oversampling Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

种子引发对重金属毒害和养分缺乏下水稻幼苗生长、抗氧化系统及养分吸收的影响

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种子引发对重金属毒害和养分缺乏下水稻幼苗生长、抗氧化系统及养...

作者： fahad khan 华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

重金属是重要的环境污染物质,其在生态学、进化学、营养学和环境学方面的毒害问题受到了越来越多的关注。水稻生长尤其是在幼苗阶段容易遭受Pb、Hg和Ni等重金属的毒害。此外,在亚洲地区雨养型低产田地区,由于根区水位波动频繁以及集约... 详细信息

重金属是重要的环境污染物质,其在生态学、进化学、营养学和环境学方面的毒害问题受到了越来越多的关注。水稻生长尤其是在幼苗阶段容易遭受Pb、Hg和Ni等重金属的毒害。此外,在亚洲地区雨养型低产田地区,由于根区水位波动频繁以及集约化的种植模式,水稻通常会遇到大量营养元素的缺乏。水稻生长发育受到N、P、K等营养元素的供应水平已成为世界范围内水稻生长发育和产量提升的主要限制因子。重金属毒害与NPK养分缺乏类似,可能导致水稻生长受抑制、营养不平衡、激素变化、氧化性损伤以及与胁迫反应相关联代谢物的改变。种子引发是在控制条件下使种子缓慢吸水,为萌发提前准备的一种播前处理技术,可以促进种子萌发、提高幼苗活力和保障农作物尤其是在不利环境下的正常生长。目前关于在逆境环境下有效地种子引发处理的报道文献不多,而在考虑重金属与养分缺乏条件交互作用下种子引发作用效果的研究更少。因此,本文通过在人工气候箱进行了一系列的溶液培养试验,研究了不同重金属胁迫(Ni、Hg和Pb)与不同养分供应条件(完全养分、缺N、缺P和缺K)交互作用下种子引发处理和非引发处理水稻的生理、生化及矿质营养响应机制。主要的研究结果如下:(1)Ni胁迫及缺N、缺P或缺K对水稻立苗产生负效应。Ni毒害与养分缺乏显著降低水稻幼苗高度和地上部生物量,其中在缺N和Ni共同胁迫下水稻地上部长势最差。缺N显著降低水稻根长和根部生物量,Ni胁迫降低水稻根部生物量,但对缺N条件下水稻的根长无影响。缺P或缺K处理水稻的根部生物量与正常养分供应处理条件下的大致相同。Ni胁迫或其与养分缺乏共同胁迫下,均能诱导水稻幼苗产生ROS,并引起脂质过氧化反应。抗氧化物中仅有GR和Ve在正常养分供应条件下受到Ni胁迫的影响。Ni胁迫降低水稻幼苗尤其是地上部N、Ca、Mg、Fe和Mo的含量。缺N水稻地上部的Ni含量最高,而缺K水稻根部的Ni含量最高。种子引发处理能消减养分缺乏和镍胁迫对水稻幼苗的危害,促进水稻幼苗生长,其原因是减少了ROS物质产生与积累,提高膜稳定性、增强了抗氧化防御系统以及维持矿质养分。(2)Hg毒害处理导致水稻秧苗出现毒害症状,具体表现为水稻幼苗高度、根长以及鲜重和干物质量降低。另外,尽管Hg毒害提高水稻Hg含量,但是对养分缺乏(缺N、缺P或缺K)并没有改善作用,相反养分缺乏处理尤其是缺氮有加重水稻秧苗Hg毒害的现象。Hg胁迫增加水稻幼苗体内氧化反应,导致水稻叶片中MDA和ROS的积累。汞胁迫和养分缺乏也降低保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT、GPX、GR,GST)活性和非酶性抗氧化剂(GSH、VC)含量。Hg毒害和缺N共同胁迫下抗氧化防御性能最差。汞胁迫下水稻幼苗的氮、磷和钙的浓度较低,促进水稻钾素从根部向地上部的转移。在受胁迫条件下,种子引发处理能促进水稻的生长,提高水稻的生物量和养分含量,降低过氧化产物,提高水稻叶片中保护酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂含量。总之,种子引发可能通过减少过氧化反应和提高抗氧化系统活性或水平进而影响幼苗生长和生物量,减轻Hg毒害和氮磷钾养分缺乏所造成的不良影响。(3)在水稻幼苗缺N或缺P条件下,Pb毒害严重抑制了水稻地上部的生长,但是对水稻根系生长没有影响。在水稻供给全部的养分或缺K情况下,Pb毒害对水稻幼苗生长没有抑制作用。Pb胁迫在所有的养分处理下(尤其是缺N或缺P处理)触发了氧化应激反应。与对照相比,Pb毒害不利于水稻地上部N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn和Mo养分的积累,但地上部Zn、B和Pb养分浓度不受影响或增加。与其他元素相比,Pb毒害降低地上部P和地上部Mn含量的趋势更明显。缺K可能抑制水稻对Pb的吸收,导致Pb毒害水稻幼苗在缺K情况下的生长表现较好。种子引发处理可以有效地缓解Pb毒害对水稻生长所造成的不利影响。在Pb毒害和或养分缺乏情况下,水稻因产生ROS造成氧化损伤,而种子处理后的水稻幼苗表现出最小的氧化损伤。种子引发通过调节水稻叶片中的抗氧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平来增强水稻幼苗的抗氧化防御系统。此外,种子引发处理能降低水稻地上部Pb的积累从而防止Pb的积累损伤。显而易见,降低了水稻幼苗根部向地上部Pb素的迁移和积累,也就减轻了铅毒害。综上,试验结果证明种子引发能够有效增强水稻抵抗铅毒及养分胁迫的能力。

关键词：重金属养分缺乏种子引发抗氧化剂活性氧养分平衡水稻幼苗

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Phenology and Yield of Maize Varieties

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第17期5卷 2582-2590页

作者： fahad khan Sehrish khan Shah fahad Shah Faisal Saddam Hussain Saqib Ali Ashfaq Ali College of Agronomy Northwest Agricultural University Xi’an China College of Horticultural & Forestry Science/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan Department of Insect and Chemical Ecology College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

An experiment was conducted at Malakabad (Gadera) Dargai Malak and KPK to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on the yield of maize varieties in randomize complete block design with split plot arrangement. Different fertilization treatments (0:0, 100:0, 100:50, 100:100, 150:0, 150:50, 150:100, 150:150 N:P kg·ha-1) were assigned to main plot while, maize varieties (Azam, Jalal and local) were kept in sub-plots. Data regarding emergence m-2, days to emergence, days to tasseling, days to silking, number of cobs plant-1, plant height, grains cob-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were recorded. Emergence m-2, days to emergence, days to tasseling, days to silking, plant ha-1 at harvest were not significantly affected by different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus while number of cob plant-1, thousand grains weight, plant height, grains cob-1 and grain yield were significantly affected. Maximum grain yield (5356 kg·ha-1) was recorded in Jalal variety, when it was fertilized with 150:100 N:P kg·ha-1. Of the factors included in this study, maize cultivars and NP fertilization treatments were dominant in determining grain yield as well as its related components, suggesting that cultivar selection and optimum fertilization are effective strategies to improve grain yield. However, multiplication and multi-year studies are required to test these results using different cultivars under varying edaphic and climatic conditions.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus Maize Cultivars Phenology Yield

Efficacy and safety of thermobalancing therapy with Dr Allen’s Device for chronic low back pain:A randomised controlled trial

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第12期14卷 878-888页

作者： Simon Allen Abid Rashid Ariana Adjani Muhammad Akram fahad Said khan Rehan Sherwani Muhammad Talha Khalil Director and Head of Medical Research Fine TreatmentOxford OX27SLUnited Kingdom Director of Faculty of Medical Sciences Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Senior Researcher Fine TreatmentOxford OX27SLUnited Kingdom Department of Eastern Medicine Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Poonch RawalakotRawalakot 12350Pakistan College of Statistical and Actuarial Science University of the PunjabLahore 54000Pakistan

BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation and non-specific low back pain are common conditions that seriously affect patients’health-related quality of life(HRQoL).Although empirical evidence has demonstrated that novel Thermobalancing therapy and Dr Allen’s Device can relieve chronic low back pain,there have been no randomised controlled trials for these *** To evaluate the efficacy of Dr Allen’s Device in lumbar disc herniation(LDH)and non-specific low back pain(NSLBP).METHODS A randomised clinical trial was conducted investigating 55 patients with chronic low back pain due to LDH(n=28)or NSLBP(n=27),out of which 15 were randomly assigned to the control group and 40 were assigned to the treatment *** intervention was treatment with Dr Allen’s Device for 3 *** in HRQoL were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain *** Thermobalancing therapy with Dr Allen’s Device showed a significant reduction in pain in the treatment group(P<0.001),with no recorded adverse *** pain assessment scales showed a significant improvement in patients’perception of pain indicating improvement in *** The out-of-hospital use of Thermobalancing therapy with Dr Allen’s Device for Low Back Treatment relieves chronic low back pain significantly and without adverse effects,improves the level of activity and HRQoL among patients with LDH and *** study demonstrates the importance of this safe first-line therapy that can be used for effective at-home management of chronic low back pain.

关键词： Chronic low back pain Lumbar disc herniation Non-specific low back pain Thermobalancing therapy Dr Allen’s Device Numerical pain rating scale

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基于机器学习的风力发电预测

基于机器学习的风力发电预测

作者： fahad Iqbal khan 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

风力发电已经成为一些国家的重要动力来源,因为风能是可再生的,风力发电是清洁的,而且与今天主要用于发电的化石燃料相比,没有产生污染物。由于这些原因,世界对风力发电的关注日益增加。在过去的十年中,在几分钟,几天,几个月和几年的时... 详细信息

风力发电已经成为一些国家的重要动力来源,因为风能是可再生的,风力发电是清洁的,而且与今天主要用于发电的化石燃料相比,没有产生污染物。由于这些原因,世界对风力发电的关注日益增加。在过去的十年中,在几分钟,几天,几个月和几年的时间内对风力发电的预测进行了大量研究。本文重点关注短期预测,并从风能理论概述入手。关注短期预测的主要原因是确保电力需求和供应之间的平衡。基于风电预测领域的文献研究,发现地理位置,数据来源和预测方法等因素对风电预测的准确性有影响。此外,在文献中发现,诸如风速,风向,天气稳定性,可用性,相对湿度和季节数据的输入参数作为用于预测风力的预测方法的输入数据非常有用。从大量预测方法中发现,最常用的预测风能的技术是物理方法,以及统计或混合方法,如神经网络。该研究已经获得了使用RNN,LSTM,混合方法和集合方法的预测结果。

关键词：递归神经网络(RNN) 长短期记忆网络(LSTM) 风电功率预测时间序列分析混合方法集合预测

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制度质量对巴基斯坦中小企业贸易绩效的影响

制度质量对巴基斯坦中小企业贸易绩效的影响

作者： Afridi Muhammad fahad khan 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

This research studies short run and long run association between SMEs trade growth and cost of production,relative prices and Institutional quality in *** also examines the EKC hypothesis between SMEs trade growth and institutional quality in *** study has used secondary data,which is taken from multiple sources,including the SMEDA,Pakistan economic survey and world development *** data was pile up for 30 years from 1990 to *** study has used ARDL and bound assessment method to see short run and long run connection among SMEs trade growth and other important variables,like;relative prices,Cost of ***,exchange rate and institutional quality,which are selected from the past *** study found that short run response of SMEs trade was not significant,but it significantly responding to macro-economic indicators in long *** institutional quality has a non-linear relationship with SMEs trade growth.

关键词：中小企业贸易绩效制度质量巴基斯坦