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Effects of firewood harvesting intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in shrublands of northern Patagonia

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 621-634页

作者： Matías G.Goldenberg facundo j.oddi juan H.Gowda Lucas A.Garibaldi Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos NaturalesAgroecología y Desarrollo RuralSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos NaturalesAgroecología y Desarrollo RuralSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina. Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMACONICET-Universidad Nacional del ComahueSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina.

Background: Forest management has historically focused on provisioning of goods (e.g. timber, biomass), butthere is an increasing interest to manage forests also to maintain biodiversity and to provide other ecosystemservices (ES).Methods: We evaluated the effects of firewood harvesting intensity on biodiversity and different ES in threecontrasting shrubland sites in northern Patagonia (Argentina). At each site, four harvesting treatments, representingvarious levels of harvest intensity, were randomly assigned to eight permanent sample plots of 31.5m× 45 mduring 2013–***: We found that the effects of increasing harvesting intensity on plant diversity changed from negative topositive (and from nonlinear to more linear responses) with increasing site productivity. Harvesting intensityshowed contrasting effects on variables related to fire protection ecosystem service, since it reduced fuel amount(potentially reducing fire spread) but also reduced live fuel moisture content (potentially increasing flammability) atthe three sites. Two variables related to soil formation and protection ES, leaf litter cover and aerial soil cover,decreased with harvesting intensity at the three ***: We conclude that shrubland management for firewood production may enhance biodiversity withoutcompromising certain important ES. The intensity of harvesting should be determined according to site conditionsand forecasted impacts on biodiversity, fire and soil formation and protection.

关键词： Temperate forest ecosystems Disturbance intensity Plant diversity Ecosystem services

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Pancreatic ductal system obstruction and acute recurrent pancreatitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第7期14卷 1027-1033页

作者： M Delhaye C Matos M Arvanitakis j Devière Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatology Erasme University HospitalBrusselsBelgium

Acute recurrent pancreatitis is a clinical entity largely associated with pancreatic ductal obstruction. This latter includes congenital variants, of which pancreas divisum is the most frequent but also controversial, chronic pancreatitis, tumors of the pancreaticobiliary junction and sphincter of oddi dysfunction. This review summarizes current knowledge about diagnostic work-up and therapy of these conditions.

关键词： Pancreatitis Congenital variants Sphincter of oddi dysfunction Pancreatic tumors Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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Interplay between nitric oxide and VIP in CCK-8-induced phasic contractile activity in the rabbit sphincter of oddi

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第21期11卷 3264-3266页

作者： Attila Pálv(o|¨)lgyi Réka Sári józsef Németh Annamária Szabolcs István Nagy Péter Hegyi jános Lonovics Zoltán Szilvássy First Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of SzegedH-6720 SzegedKorányi fasor 8-10 Hungary Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Pécs H-7643 Pécs Szigeti u. 12 Hungary First Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Korányi fasor 8-10 Hungary Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Debrecen H-4032 DebrecenNagyerdei krt.98Hungary

AIM: The sphincter of oddi (SO) plays an important role in delivery of bile into the duodenum. To establish whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) were involved in phasic contractile activity of the rabbit SO stimulated by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8). METHODS: Isolated SO muscle rings were cleaned of fat and mounted horizontally on two small L-shaped hooks one of which was connected to a force transducer for the measurement of isometric *** experiments were carried out in a thermostatically controlled (37±0.2℃) organ bath (5 mL) containing Krebs *** organ fluid was gassed with 95% O2 and 50 mL/L CO2 to keep the pH at 7.40±0.05. Contractile responses to CCK-8 (1 μmol/L) were evaluated in the presence and absence of NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA), an inhibitor of NO synthase (100 μmol/L), and (p-chloro-D-Phe6-Leu17)-VIP (VlPa, 30 μmol/L), a VIP receptor antagonist. RESULTS: CCK-8 stimulated the phasic activity of the SO. NO synthase inhibition increased the frequency and amplitude of contractions with a slight increase in developed tension. Pre-incubation with VlPa also attenuated this CCK-8 effect. The combined application of LNNA and VlPa abolished the phasic activity of the muscle rings with a marked increase in tension in response to CCK-8. CONCLUSION: VIP and NO together contribute to an increase in phasic activity of SO.

关键词： Sphincter of oddi CCK VIP NO LNNA

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Characterization of functional biliary pain and dyspeptic symptoms in patients with sphincter of oddi dysfunction:Effect of papillotomy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6850-6856页

作者： László Madácsy Roland Fejes Gábor Kurucsai Ildikó joó András Székely Viktória Bertalan Attila Szepes jános Lonovics Department of Operative Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Fejér Megyei Szent-Gyrgy Hospital Székesfehérvár Hungary First Department of Internal Medicine University of Szeged Hungary

AIM： To characterize functional biliary pain and other gastrointestinal （GI） symptoms in postcholecystectomy syndrome （PCS） patients with and without sphincter of oddi dysfunction （SOD） proved by endoscopic sphincter of oddi manometry （ESOM）, and to assess the postendoscopic sphincterotomy （EST） outcome. METHODS： We prospectively investigated 85 cholecystectomized patients referred for ERCP because of PCS and suspected SOD. On admission, all patients completed our questionnaire. Physical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy （QHBS）, and ERCP were performed in all patients. Based on clinical and ERCP findings 15 patients had unexpected bile duct stone disease and 15 patients had SOD biliary type Ⅰ. ESOM demonstrated an elevated basal pressure in 25 patients with SOD biliary-type Ⅲ. In the remaining 30 cholecystectomized patients without SOD, the liver function tests, ERCP, QHBS and ESOM were all normal. As a control group, 30 ‘asymptomatic＇ cholecystectomized volunteers （attended to our hospital for general cardiovascular screening） completed our questionnaire, which is consisted of 50 separate questions on GI symptoms and abdominal pain characteristics. Severity of the abdominal pain （frequency and intensity） was assessed with a visual analogue scale （VAS）. In 40 of 80 patients having definite SOD （i.e. patients with SOD biliary type Ⅰ and those with elevated SO basal pressure on ESOM）, an EST was performed just afl：er ERCP. In these patients repeated questionnaires were filled at each follow-up visit （at 3 and 6 too） and a second look QHBS was performed 3 mo after the EST to assess the functional response to EST. RESULTS： The analysis of characteristics of the abdominal pain demonstrated that patients with common bile duct stone and definite SOD had a significantly higher score of symptomatic agreement with previously determined biliary-like pain features than patient groups of PCS without SOD and controls. In

关键词： Postcholecystectomy pain Sphincter of oddi dysfunction Functional biliary-pain Dyspeptic symptoms Endoscopic sphincterotomy Follow-up

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Ethanol inhibits the motility of rabbit sphincter of oddi in vitro

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第23期10卷 3470-3474页

作者： Réka Sári Attila Pálv lgyi Zoltán Rakonczay jr Tamás Takács jános Lonovics László Czakó Péter Hegyi Zoltán Szilvássy First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged H-6720Koranyi fasor 10Hungary Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Debrecen H-4032Nagyerdei krt98Hungary

AIM:The rote of the sphincter of oddi(SO)in ethanol (ETOH)-induced pancreatitis is *** aim was to characterise the effect of E-I-OH on basal and stimulated SO motility. METHODS:SOs removed from white rabbits were placed in an organ bath(Krebs solution,pH7.4,37℃).The effects of 2 mL/L,4 mL/L,6 mL/L and 8 mL/L of ETOH on the contractile responses of the sphincter were determined. SOs were stimulated with either 0.1 μmol/L carbachol,1 μmol/L erythromycin or 0.1 μmol/L cholecystokinin(CCK). RESULTS:ETOH at a dose of 4 mL/L significantly decreased the baseline contractile amplitude from 11.98±0.05 mN to 11.19±0.07 ***,no significant changes in the contractile frequency were ***(0.6%) significantly decreased both the baseline amplitude and the frequency compared to the control group(10.50±0.01 mN, 12.13±0.10 mN and 3.53±0.13 c/min,5.5±0.13 cycles(c)/min, respectively).Moreover,0.8% of ETOH resulted in complete relaxation of the ***(0.1 μmol/L)or erythromycin (1 μmol/L)stimulated the baseline amplitudes(by 82% and 75%,respectively)and the contractile frequencies (by 150% and 106%,respectively).In the carbachol or erythromydn-stimulated groups 2-6 mL/L of E-IOH significantly inhibited both the amplitude and the ***, a 4-5 min administration of 6 mL/L ETOH suddenly and completely relaxed the ***(0.1 μmol/L)stimulated the baseline amplitude from 12.37±0.05 mN to 27.40±1.82 mN within 1.60±0.24 *** this peak,the amplitude decreased to 17.17±0.22 mN and remained constant during the *** frequency peaked at 12.8±0.2 c/min, after which the constant frequency was 9.43±0.24 c/min throughout the rest of the *** at a dose of 4 mL/L significantly decreased the amplitude from 16.13±0.23 mN to 14.93±0.19 ***,no significant changes in the contractile frequency were *** at a dose of 6 mL/L inhibited both the amplitudes and the frequencies in the CCK-stimulated group,while 8 mL/L of E

关键词： Animals Carbachol Central Nervous System Depressants Cholecystokinin Cholinergic Agonists Erythromycin Ethanol Gastrointestinal Agents Gastrointestinal Motility In Vitro Male Rabbits Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Sphincter of oddi

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空肠Y形吻合口肠壁舌状瓣成形术

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实用外科杂志 1989年第10期9卷 549-551页

作者：李祖怡 Shah j N 上海第二医科大学附属第九人民医院外科

经典的空肠Roux-Y形吻合术虽有一定抗返流作用,但是由于失去oddi括约肌的生理机能,术后发生逆行感染的情况仍然不少.

关键词：空肠丫形吻合肠粘膜瓣成形胆石症

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oddi括约肌功能失调与外科疾病

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中国实用外科杂志 1996年第5期16卷 267-269页

作者：刘永锋刘辰 j Toouli GTP Saccone 中国医科大学附属第一临床学院外科 110001 澳大利亚Flinders大学医学中心外科

自1887年Rugero oddi详细描述了胆胰管开口部的括约肌并以他的姓命名以来,经过人们不断地探索,对oddi括约肌的解剖、功能及病变有了更深入的了解。现根据我们的研究及结合文献对此简要作一介绍。 1 oddi括约肌解剖胆总管于十二指肠第二... 详细信息

自1887年Rugero oddi详细描述了胆胰管开口部的括约肌并以他的姓命名以来,经过人们不断地探索,对oddi括约肌的解剖、功能及病变有了更深入的了解。现根据我们的研究及结合文献对此简要作一介绍。 1 oddi括约肌解剖胆总管于十二指肠第二段,与Wirsung管一道开口于十二指肠大乳头。胆管与胰管在十二指肠乳头部汇合有三种方式:①70%胆胰管形成共同通道,似Y型。②20%几乎无共同通道,二管开口基本在乳头边,似V型。③10%胆总管与胰管分别开口在乳头顶并很靠近,似U型。胆总管末端、胰管末端、共同通道和大的Vater十二指肠乳头均为不同厚度的平滑肌环绕,共同称为oddi括约肌段。此段长4～6mm,绝大部分斜行嵌在十二指肠壁内,但与十二指肠壁肌肉截然不同。

关键词： oddi括约肌功能失调外科疾病

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奥狄氏括约肌的动力

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国际外科学杂志 1984年第6期11卷 330-332页

作者： Toouli j 蔡端

自Rugero oddi阐述胆总管末端存有括约机制以来,有关胆汁从胆总管流入十二指肠的控制机理仍属一个有争议的问题.最初的研究认为奥狄氏括约肌象一个真正的括约肌,饥饿时呈持续关闭状态,阻止胆汁流入十二指肠;但在餐后,括约肌松弛,胆汁即... 详细信息

自Rugero oddi阐述胆总管末端存有括约机制以来,有关胆汁从胆总管流入十二指肠的控制机理仍属一个有争议的问题.最初的研究认为奥狄氏括约肌象一个真正的括约肌,饥饿时呈持续关闭状态,阻止胆汁流入十二指肠;但在餐后,括约肌松弛,胆汁即进入十二指肠.其他的研究认为奥狄氏括约肌有更积极的作用,它通过—种"挤乳运动"将胆汁推入十二指肠.胚胎学研究提示人类奥狄氏括约肌的发生与十二指肠平滑肌无关,但其嵌入十二指肠壁内.有关奥狄

关键词：奥狄氏括约肌十二指肠胆总管小肠时相性胆素

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oddi括约肌的正常和异常运动功能

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国际消化病杂志 1987年第4期 222-224页

作者： Coelho j CH ,孙大裕

oddi肌的功能障碍被认为有可能引起黄疸和腹痛.最初的研究提示胆汁进入十二指肠仅取决于肝内胆汁产生的速度和压力、胆囊的收缩作用和oddi肌的阻力.空腹下,oddi肌关闭,进餐时,括约肌松驰使胆汁流入十二指肠.但近来使用肌电图,x线电影摄... 详细信息

oddi肌的功能障碍被认为有可能引起黄疸和腹痛.最初的研究提示胆汁进入十二指肠仅取决于肝内胆汁产生的速度和压力、胆囊的收缩作用和oddi肌的阻力.空腹下,oddi肌关闭,进餐时,括约肌松驰使胆汁流入十二指肠.但近来使用肌电图,x线电影摄影术和内镜测压技术研究后证实这一oddi肌运动的简单概念是不完全准确的.oddi肌实际上起着更主动的作用,它可能通过挤压的作用推动胰液和胆汁进入十二指肠,并在协调这些分泌物流入十二指肠的时间和速度上起重要作用.本文将复习oddi肌的正常和异常动力.oddi肌的正常动力解剖和非依赖性活动:Boyden证实人的oddi肌分别由胆总管括约肌,围绕胆总管下段

关键词：括约肌峰电位基础压患者乳头狭窄 oddi 壶腹胆总管十二指肠小肠

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内镜下球囊扩张术与括约肌切开术取除胆管结石的比较

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 27-28页

作者： Disario j.A. Freeman M.L. Bjorkman D.j. 雒向宁

Background &Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is commonly performed to remove bile duct stones. The aim of this study was to determine short-term outcomes of endoscopic balloon dilation of the sphincter of oddi compared with sphincterotomy for stone extraction. Methods: A randomized, controlled multicenter study of 117 patients assigned to dilation and 120 to sphincterotomy was performed in a spectrum of clinical and academic practices. Results: Charact eristics of the patients, procedures, and endoscopists were similar except that dilation patients were younger. Procedures were successful in 97.4%and 92.5%of the dilation and sphincterotomy patients, respectively. Overall morbidity occurred in 17.9%and 3.3%(P oddi for stone extraction should be avoided in routine practice.

关键词：括约肌切开术球囊扩张术逆行性造影术排石临床实践学术研究小外恢复时间

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