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三峡水库气候效应及2006年夏季川渝高温干旱事件的区域气候模拟

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热带气象学报 2011年第1期27卷 44-52页

作者：吴佳高学杰张冬峰石英 giorgi F 中国气象科学研究院北京100081 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 国家气候中心北京100081 International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy

针对2006年夏季川(四川)渝(重庆)地区的高温干旱事件,使用RegCM3区域气候模式,采用双重嵌套和次网格(SUB-BATS)方法,进行中国和三峡地区2005—2006年气候50 km和10 km(通过SUB-BATS方法达到2 km)分辨率数值模拟,并在此基础上进行了三峡... 详细信息

针对2006年夏季川(四川)渝(重庆)地区的高温干旱事件,使用RegCM3区域气候模式,采用双重嵌套和次网格(SUB-BATS)方法,进行中国和三峡地区2005—2006年气候50 km和10 km(通过SUB-BATS方法达到2 km)分辨率数值模拟,并在此基础上进行了三峡地区下垫面改变(三峡水库建成蓄水)的气候效应模拟试验,重点分析了模式对中国和三峡地区夏季气候和气候异常的模拟能力,以及三峡水库对气温和降水的影响。结果表明,模式能较好模拟出中国和川渝地区的气候及以2006年川渝地区高温干旱为代表的气候异常,双重嵌套和SUB-BATS方法的应用,使模式能够提供局地和区域气候更详细的信息。有无三峡水库的对比试验表明,水库对周边区域气温、降水的影响很小,大部分格点上的变化达不到90%统计信度检验标准,气温变化中少数通过检验的格点基本集中于水库水体本身,邻近区域内气温和降水的变化随距库区的距离变远而变得更弱。除了库区本身降温和降水减少外,模拟结果中出现的变化更多表现为模式中出现的噪音。2006年夏季的川渝高温干旱,更多是由于大的环流场造成的,与局地强迫的关系不大,三峡水库在其中所起的作用非常微弱,可以忽略不计。

关键词：气候学气候变化区域气候模式三峡水库

Differential Effects of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption on Dopamine Output in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell of Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats: A Behavioral and Brain Microdialysis Study

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第3期4卷 279-292页

作者： Maria G. Corda Giovanna Piras Maria A. Piludu Osvaldo giorgi Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Section of Pharmacological Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy

The Roman high(RHA) and low-Avoidance (RLA) rats were selectively bred for rapid vs poor acquisition of two-way active avoidance behavior. These lines differ in numerous behavioral traits, with RLA rats being more fearful/anxious than RHA rats, and the latter being novelty-seekers and showing larger intake of, and preference for, addictive substances including ethanol (ETH). Moreover, several differences in central dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic functions have been reported in these two lines. Since those neural systems are involved in the regulation of ETH consumption, it was considered of interest to investigate: 1) the differences in ETH intake and preference between RHA and RLA rats, 2) the effects of ETH on DA release in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) using brain microdialysis. ETH solutions of increasing concentrations (2% - 10%) were presented on alternate days in a free choice with water. To examine ETH intake and preference stability, animals were subsequently switched to daily presentations of 10% ETH for 10 consecutive days. RHA rats consumed significantly larger amounts of ETH and displayed higher ETH preference than did RLA rats throughout the acquisition and maintenance phases. Following chronic exposure to ETH the animals were habituated to a restricted access to ETH schedule (2% ETH, 2 h per day × 4 days) before surgical implantation of a dialysis probe in the AcbSh. Under these experimental conditions, voluntary ETH intake (2%, 1 h, p.o.) produced a significant increase in accumbal DA output in RHA rats but not in their RLA counterparts. Finally, the i.p. administration of ETH (0.25 g/kg) to na?ve Roman rats produced a significant increment in accumbal DA output only in RHA rats. These results indicate that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system of RHA rats is more responsive to the effects of ETH than that of RLA rats.

关键词： Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System Nucleus Accumbens Shell Novelty-Seeking Behavior

Landscapes—Structure, Functions, and Development Trends (On the Example of Landscapes of Georgia)

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第1期12卷 81-93页

作者： Nodar Elizbarashvili giorgi Meladze Lado Grigolia Gela Sandodze Sandro Gogoladze Miranda Gurgenidze Department of Regional Geography and Landscape Planning Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

The article discusses the peculiarities of landscape geography development, types of landscape structure and their types, the essence of cultural landscape and its types, landscape functions and peculiarities of their... 详细信息

关键词： Geography Landscape Structure Landscape Function Landscape Planning Climate Change

Sedimentological Study of Caves in the Zemo Imereti Plateau, Georgia, Caucasus Region

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第4期7卷 465-477页

作者： Lasha Asanidze Nino Chikhradze Zaza Lezhava Kukuri Tsikarishvili Jason Polk giorgi Chartolani Vakhushti Bagrationi institute of Geography Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Department of Geomorphology Tbilisi Georgia School of Natural Sciences and Engineering Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia Center for Human Geo Environmental Studies Department of Geography and Geology Western Kentucky University Kentucky USA

The Zemo Imereti Plateau is located in the easternmost part of the limestone region of western Georgia and is Caucasus’ only karst plateau. It is centrally located in a relatively elevated part of the intermountain plain of the country of Georgia. Lithostratigraphical (petrographic, mineralogical, and XRD) research on terrigenous sediments found in caves in the region was conducted in the Upper Cretaceous limestones located at different hypsometric levels (400 - 700 m). This study focused on allochthonous deposits, which, due to sedimentological features, contains significant and complete information for paleogeographic reconstruction as opposed to the autochthonous sediments. Source provinces of the sediments’ origin were determined using petrographic analysis. Lithological study of the terrigenous sediments indicated their origin from the Racha range, as well as their transportation mechanisms, and sedimentation conditions during deposition. Approximate ages (the end of the Middle Pleistocene and the beginning of the Late Pleistocene) of ancient terrestrial sediments in Rganisklde Cave were achieved by taking into account the geological and geomorphological development of the region. Lithostratigraphical analysis of the cave deposits and modern archaeological data indicate that the formation of the caves in the Zemo Imereti plateau took place mainly during the end of the Middle Pleistocene and in the beginning of the Pleistocene;while on the southern slope of the Racha range and in the surrounding area of Ertso-Tsona (Caucasus southern slope), they formed in the Early Pleistocene.

关键词： Terrigenous Sediments Geomorphologic Evolution Zemo Imereti Plateau Georgia

Karst Relief Development History of Zemo Imereti Plateau, Georgia, Caucasus

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Open Journal of Geology 2019年第3期9卷 201-212页

作者： Zaza Lezhava Kukuri Tsikarishvili Lasha Asanidze Nino Chikhradze giorgi Chartolani Ani Sherozia Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography TSU Tbilisi Georgia School of Natural Sciences and Engineering Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia

The history of karst terrestrial development has been restored on the background of many years’ field, experimental and laboratory researches (underground water tracing, structural deciphering of aerophotocytes, analysis of boreholes and geological wounds) and analysis of the current literary sources carried out by us in the Zemo Imereti Plateau. Within the study area, karst and karst forms of the Jurassic-Cretaceous, Lower Tertiary (Paleocene-Eocene) and Post-Miocene (Sarmati) period were revealed. Lithobiostratigraphic analysis of cave subterranean sediments enabled us to identify the cave age. In Zemo Imereti Plateau, in the caves located on higher hypsometric levels, the sedimentation of subterranean sediments began in the Middle-Upper Pleistocene and it seemed that the caves’ formation was mainly completed in the mentioned territory.

关键词： Karst Cave Plateau Zemo Imereti Georgia

数值模式不同分辨率和地形对东亚降水模拟影响的试验

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大气科学 2006年第2期30卷 185-192页

作者：高学杰徐影赵宗慈 Jeremy S.PAL Filippo giorgi 中国气象局气候研究开放实验室国家气候中心北京100081 The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste

为探讨东亚地区降水数值模拟中水平分辨率和地形的作用,使用RegCM2区域气候模式,采用不同的模式分辨率和地形,对东亚降水进行对比模拟试验。结果表明,东亚地区降水的模拟效果取决于模式的水平分辨率,模式分辨率越高,模拟的效果越好。使... 详细信息

为探讨东亚地区降水数值模拟中水平分辨率和地形的作用,使用RegCM2区域气候模式,采用不同的模式分辨率和地形,对东亚降水进行对比模拟试验。结果表明,东亚地区降水的模拟效果取决于模式的水平分辨率,模式分辨率越高,模拟的效果越好。使用实际地形的模拟效果好于使用平滑地形的。但同时,使用较高分辨率的平滑地形的模拟,效果好于使用次高分辨率的实际地形的模拟。这表明在东亚地区降水模拟中,分辨率与地形相比,起着至少同样重要的作用。结果指出,对东亚地区降水的模拟而言,使用60 km及以上分辨率可能是必需的。

关键词：东亚降水区域气候模式分辨率地形

中国高精度土地覆盖数据在RegCM4/CLM模式中的引入及其对区域气候模拟影响的分析

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冰川冻土 2015年第4期37卷 857-866页

作者：韩振宇高学杰石英吴佳王美丽 Filippo giorgi 中国气象局国家气候中心北京100081 中国气象局气候研究开放实验室北京100081 中国科学院气候变化研究中心北京100029 中国气象科学研究院北京100081 The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

基于中国1∶100万植被图和1∶600万植被区划图,按照通用陆面模式CLM植被功能型分类标准,制作了可用于CLM及RegCM4区域气候模式的25 km×25 km分辨率的中国高精度土地覆盖数据(简称VEG数据).相比CLM默认使用的土地覆盖数据(简称ORG数据),... 详细信息

基于中国1∶100万植被图和1∶600万植被区划图,按照通用陆面模式CLM植被功能型分类标准,制作了可用于CLM及RegCM4区域气候模式的25 km×25 km分辨率的中国高精度土地覆盖数据(简称VEG数据).相比CLM默认使用的土地覆盖数据(简称ORG数据),VEG数据不仅能提供更多的土地覆盖局地特征,还纠正了ORG数据中裸地和农作物的比例偏高、灌木的比例偏低等误差.对比使用两套土地覆盖数据的RegCM4多年连续积分结果,分析了不同土地覆盖分布对气温、降水等的影响,并从地表能量收支的角度给出影响机理解释.结果显示:VEG数据的使用,使得模式对冬季气温和降水的模拟能力有一定提高,模式在南部区域偏干偏冷的系统误差有所减弱;采用VEG数据后,由于粗糙度、反照率等下垫面参数的改变及云量的变化,使得地表能量收支发生显著调整.青藏高原地区的气温变化与湍流通量和长波辐射的变化有密切的联系,主要源自粗糙度引起的湍流通量增加、以及云量引起的向下净长波辐射增加.而在中国中部和南部,短波辐射变化更为明显,它与地表反照率的变化相一致.基于所制作的土地覆盖数据,可广泛应用于CLM模式在中国区域的应用之中.

关键词：土地覆盖 RegCM4 区域气候模拟地表能量收支

Novel Diazole/Triazole and Dibenzothiophene Dioxide Containing Pentacyclic Systems with Promising Biological Activities

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第1期7卷 34-41页

作者： Mamuka Maisuradze giorgi Phalavadishvili Nana Gakhokidze Manana Matnadze Sofo Tskhvitaia Elene Kalandia Department of Chemical and Biological Technology Georgian Technical University Tbilisi Georgia

The aim of the current work is to synthesize the new heterocyclic pentacyclic condensed systems that combine benzothiophen and benzimidazole/triazole into one molecule. The dibenzothiophene was taken as an initial compound and by consistent “extension” was annihilated the imidazole and triazole nucleuses. As a result two new pentacyclic systems were produced: 3H-, 7H-diimidazole[4,5-b][5,4-g] dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide and 3H-, 7H-ditriazole[4,5-b][5,4-g] dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide with the promising antimi-crobial activity. Their spectral characteristics were studied.

关键词： Dibenzothiophene Dioxide Imidazole Triazole Pentacyclic Systems

Some New Derivatives of 3H-Benzo （b） Furo Benzotriazole

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第7期7卷 621-625页

作者： Mamuka Maisuradze Grigol Ugulava Nona Bolkvadze giorgi Phalavandishvili Nana Gaxokidze MananaMatnadze Georgian Technical University Tbilisi O175 Georgia

On the base of benzo [b] furo benzotriazoles several derivatives with expected biological activity were synthesized by alkylation and Mannich reactions. In the alkylation of ethyl iodide benzo [b] furo benzotriazoles received 1-ethyl-benzo [b] furo [3,2-g] benzotriazole and 3-ethyl-benzo [b] furo [2,3-f] benzotriazole. Aminometilirization Mannich reaction conditions with ＂the application as amino compound diethylamine, morpholine and piperazine of benzo [b] furo benzotriazoles were received （N, N-diethylaminomethyl）, CN-morpholinometil） and （N-piperazinometil）-derivatives.

关键词： 3H-benzo [b] furo [2,3-e] benzotriazole 3H-benzo [b] furo [2,3-q benzotriazole reaction of alkylation reaction ofmannich.