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Modern post-mortem imaging:an update on recent developments

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Forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 52-64页

作者： Silke Grabherr Coraline Egger Raquel Vilarino Lorenzo Campana Melissa Jotterand fabrice dedouit University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva LausanneSwitzerland Service of Legal Medicine Central Institute of HospitalsSionSwitzerland

Modern post-mortem investigations use an increasing number of digital imaging methods,which can be collected under the term“post-mortem imaging”.Most methods of forensic imaging are from the radiology field and are therefore techniques that show the interior of the body with technologies such as X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging.To digitally image the surface of the body,other techniques are regularly applied,e.***.three-dimensional(3D)surface scanning(3DSS)or photogrammetry.Today’s most frequently used techniques include post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT),post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging(PMMR),post-mortem computed tomographic angiography(PMCTA)and 3DSS or photogrammetry.Each of these methods has specific advantages and limitations.Therefore,the indications for using each method are different.While PMCT gives a rapid overview of the interior of the body and depicts the skeletal system and radiopaque foreign bodies,PMMR allows investigation of soft tissues and parenchymal organs.PMCTA is the method of choice for viewing the vascular system and detecting sources of bleeding.However,none of those radiological methods allow a detailed digital view of the body’s surface,which makes 3DSS the best choice for such a purpose.If 3D surface scanners are not available,photogrammetry is an alternative.This review article gives an overview of different imaging techniques and explains their applications,advantages and limitations.We hope it will improve understanding of the methods.

关键词： Forensic science forensic imaging post-mortem radiology post-mortem computed tomography post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging 3D scanning post-mortem angiography photogrammetry

CT-scan vs.3D surface scanning of a skull:first considerations regarding reproducibility issues

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Forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 93-99页

作者： Stella Fahrni Lorenzo Campana Alejandro Dominguez Tanya Uldin fabrice dedouit Olivier Deleemont Silke Grabherr School of Criminal Justice University of LausanneLausanne-DorignySwitzerland Department of Forensic Imaging University Centre for Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneSwitzerland Department of Technological Radiology Health School of Sciences Vaud-HESAVLausanneSwitzerland

Three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS)and multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT)are two techniques that are used in legal medicine for digitalizing objects,a body or body parts such as bones.While these techniques are more and more commonly employed,surprisingly little information is known about the quality rendering of digitalized three-dimensional(3D)models provided by each of them.This paper presents findings related to the measurement precision of 3D models obtained through observation of a study case,where a fractured skull reconstructed by an anthropologist was digitalized using both post-mortem imaging methods.Computed tomography(CT)scans were performed using an 8-row MDCT unit with two different slice thicknesses.The variability of 3D CT models superimposition allowed to assess the reproducibility and robustness of this digitalization technique.Furthermore,two 3D surface scans were done using a professional high resolution 3D digitizer.The comparison of 3D CT-scans with 3D surface scans by superimposition demonstrated several regions with significant differences in topology(average difference between+1.45 and-1.22 mm).When comparing the reproducibility between these two digitalizing techniques,it appeared that MDCT 3D models led in general to greater variability for measurement precision between scanned surfaces.Also,the reproducibility was better achieved with the 3D surface digitizer,showing 3D models with fewer and less pronounced differences(from+0.32 to-0.31 mm).These experiments suggest that MDCT provides less reproducible body models than 3D surface scanning.But further studies must be undertaken in order to corroborate this first impression,and possibly explain the reason for these findings.

关键词： Forensic imaging multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) 3D surface scanning anthropology

Neck-MRI experience for investigation of survived strangulation victims

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第2期5卷 113-118页

作者： Christine Bruguier Pia Genet Jean-Baptiste Zerlauth fabrice dedouit Jochen Grimm Reto Meuli Tony Fracasso Silke Grabherr University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne–Geneva University Hospital LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Clinique Cecile LausanneSwitzerland

For the medicolegal evaluation of victims of survived strangulation,a neck-magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)can be performed for assessing lesions in the inner soft tissues(fat,muscles or lymph nodes,for example).In our institute,such MRI examinations have been performed for a test period of 4 years with the aim of evaluating the use of this tool by forensic pathologists and identifying medicolegal indicators for the performance of neck-MRI in surviving victims of strangulation.We retrospectively reviewed medicolegal reports from all victims examined during the test period.We extracted objective lesions(e.***.petechiae,bruising and abrasions)and reported clinical symptoms(e.***.vision disorder,dysphasia)from the reports.These findings were compared to those reported from the neck-MRI.In total,112 victims were clinically examined after suspected strangulation.Eleven of these victims underwent an MRI examination of the neck.Eighty-four of the victims presented objective lesions during the clinical examination,with eight showing signs of both petechiae and bruising.Neck-MRI was performed in four of these eight victims and three of them showed lesions visible in MRI.Of 76 victims with bruising as the only objective finding,66 victims described clinical symptoms.Of those 66 victims,seven were examined by MRI and two demonstrated lesions in MRI.When MRI was performed,relevant findings were detected in 45%of the cases.This leads to the suspicion that many more findings could have been detected in the other victims,if an MRI had been performed in those cases.Our results lead us to the conclusion that an MRI examination of victims of suspected strangulation is useful,and strict indications for its application should be established.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic pathology neck-MRI radiological findings medicolegal evaluation strangulation survivors

Analysis of size and shape differences between ancient and present-day Italian crania using metrics and geometric morphometrics based on multislice computed tomography

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Forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 85-92页

作者： fabrice dedouit Giuseppe Guglielmi Astrid Olier Freederic Savall Michelangelo Nasuto Theodorus Thanassoulas Roberto Grassi Alfonso Reginelli Salvatore Cappabianca Norbert Telmon Unit of Forensic and Anthropological Imaging University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneSwitzerland Laboratory of Biological Anthropology AMIS UMR 5288 CNRSUniversite Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Department of Radiology University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly Department of Radiology Scientific Institute Hospital“Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”San Giovanni RotondoItaly e Institute of Legal Medicine CHU Toulouse-RangueilToulouse Cedex 9France Human Anatomy Unit Department of PublicClinical and Preventive MedicineSecond University of NaplesNaplesItaly Unit of Radiology Radiotherapy and Nuclear MedicineDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Internistic“F.MagrassiA.Lanzara”Second University of NaplesNaplesItaly

The Museum of Human Anatomy in Naples houses a collection of ancient Graeco-Roman crania.The aim of this study was to use multislice computed tomography(MSCT)to evaluate and objectively quantify potential differences in cranial dimensions and shapes between ancient Graeco-Roman crania(n=36)and modern-day southern Italian crania(n=35)and then to characterize the cranial changes occurring over more than 2000 years,known as secular change.The authors used traditional metric criteria and morphometric geometry to compare shape differences between the sets of crania.Statistically significant differences in size between the ancient and modern crania included shorter facial length,narrower external palate,smaller minimum cranial breadth,shorter right and left mastoid processes,and wider maximum occipital and nasal breadth.The shape changes from the ancient to modern crania included a global coronal enlargement of the face and cranial diameters,with more anterior projection of the face at the anterior nasal spine,but also posterior projection at the glabella and the nasion.It is not possible to determine whether these differences result exclusively from secular changes in the cranium or from other factors,including a mix of secular change and other unknown factors.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first MSCT-based study to compare ancient Graeco-Roman and modern-day southern Italian crania and to characterize shape and size differences.

关键词： Forensic science forensic anthropology craniometry computed tomography landmarks morphometry geometric Italian crania

基于纳米磁流体尸体磁共振成像血管造影的可行性研究

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中国法医学杂志 2020年第6期35卷 576-581页

作者：夏志远 Christine Bruguier fabrice dedouit Silke Grabherr Marc Augsburger 刘蓓蓓浙江迪安鉴定科学研究院迪安鉴定虚拟解剖研究中心浙江杭州310000 洛桑和日内瓦大学法医中心瑞士洛桑CH1000 兰格勒医院法医学服务中心法国图卢兹50032

目的初步探究纳米磁流体(magnetic nanoparticle ferrofluid,MNPF)在尸体磁共振成像血管造影(postmortem magnetic resonance angiography,PMMRA)的可行性。方法纳米粒子γ-Fe2O3(30nm)通过油酸(oleic acid,OA)表面修饰后,均匀分散在石蜡油(paraffin oil,PO)中,制备γ-Fe2O3浓度为0~1000μg/ml的MNPF。MNPF导入试管密封后固定在MR仪扫描床上,使用T1w-SE、T2w-SE和3DT2*w-GR扫描序列获取影像数据并分析影像学特点。将γ-Fe2O3浓度为0μg/ml、25μg/ml和1000μg/ml的MNPF灌注至牛离体心脏冠脉中,使用T1wSE、T2w-SE扫描序列获取影像数据并分析影像学特点。结果当γ-Fe2O3浓度在0~100μg/ml范围时,MNPF在T1wSE影像上呈现高信号,在T2w-SE影像上呈现低信号,在T2*w-SE影像上,MNPF随着γ-Fe2O3浓度的增加信号逐渐降低直至消失。当γ-Fe2O3浓度超过100μg/ml时,将可能导致磁敏感伪影的产生,而不适合造影剂的使用。结论一定浓度范围的γ-Fe2O3脂溶性MNPF,有可能成为PMMRA的T1阳性造影剂和信号可控T2*对比剂。

关键词：尸体断层影像学尸体磁共振成像血管造影纳米磁流体 γ-Fe2O3 30nm