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Influence of ship emissions on NOx, SO2, O3 and PM concentrations in a North-Sea harbor in France

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 56-66页

作者： Frederic Ledoux Cloe Rochet fabrice cazier Charles Beaugard Dominique Courcot Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life UCEIV EA4492 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 University of the Littoral OpalCoast F-59140 Dunlterque France Centre Commun de Mesures University of the Littoral Opal Coast F-59140 Dunkerque France Atmo Hauts-de-France F-59800 Lille France

The influence of in-port ship emissions on gases and PM10 concentrations has been estimated in the port city of Calais, northern France, one of the busiest harbor in Europe, with numerous rotations of ferries or roll-on/roll-off cargo in average per day. NOx, SO2, O3 and PM10 concentrations were continuously measured over a three-month period, as well as real-time particle size distribution. A rural site located at Cape Gris-Nez, 20 km from Calais, was considered to deduce intrinsic contribution of ship emissions at the harbor city. The average concentrations of the studied species as well as the pattern of the conditional bivariate probability function at the two sites evidenced that in-port shipping, especially during the maneuvering operations, has an important influence on the NOx and SO2 concentrations. The impact of shipping in the harbor of Calais on average concentrations was estimated to 5l% for SO2, 35% for NO, 15% for NO2 and 2% for PM10 in the studied period. Concentration peaks of SO2 and NOx associated with an 03 depletion appeared synchronized with departures and arrivals of ferries. For winds blowing from the harbor, when compared to the background level, the number of particles appeared 10 times higher, with the highest differences in the 30-67 nm and the 109-167 nm size ranges. The average impact of in-port ships on PM10 concentrations was estimated to ＋28.9 μg/m^3 and concerned mainly the PM1 size fraction （40%）. Punctually, PM10 can potentially reach a concentration value close to 100μg/m^3.

关键词： Ships Emissions Harbor Gases Particles Air pollution

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Chemical characterization of fine and ultrafine PM, direct and indirect genotoxicity of PM and their organic extracts on pulmonary cells

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 168-178页

作者： Sylvain Billet Yann Landkocz Perrine J. Martin Anthony Verdin Frederic Ledoux Capucine Lepers Veronique Andre fabrice cazier Francois Sichel Pirouz Shirali Pierre Gosset Dominique Courcot University of the Littoral Opal Coast Unit of Environmental Chmistry and Interactions with Liuing Organisms UCEIV EA4492 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Dunkerque France Normandy Uniu UNICAEN ABTE EA4651 Caen France University of the Littoral Opal Coast Common Centre of Measurements CCM Dunkerque France Centre Francois Baclesse Caen France Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytologly Saint-Vincent Hospital Catholic Hospital Lille France

Particulate matter in ambient air constitutes a complex mixture of fine and ultrafine particles composed of various chemical compounds including metals, ions, and organics. A multidisciplinary approach was developed by studying physico-chemical characteristics and mechanisms involved in the toxicity of particulate atmospheric pollution. PM0.3-2.s and PM2.5 including ultrafine particles were sampled in Dunkerque, a French industrialized seaside city. PM samples were characterized from a chemical and toxicological point of view. Physico-chemical characterization evidenced that PM2.5 comes from several sources： natural ones, such as soil resuspension and marine sea-salt emissions, as well as anthropogenic ones, such as shipping traffic, road traffic, and industrial activities. Human BEAS-2B tung cells were exposed to PM0.3-2.5, or to the Extractable Organic Matter （EOM） of PM0.3-2.5 and PM2.s. These exposures induced several mechanisms of action implied in the genotoxicity, such as oxidative DNA adducts and DNA Damage Response. The toxicity of PM-EOM was higher for the sample including the ultrafine fraction （PM2.5） containing also higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These results evidenced the major role of organic compounds in the toxicity of PM.

关键词： Air pollution particulate matter PM2.5 Ultrafine particles Physico-chemical characterization Biotransformation Genotoxicity

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Characterisation and seasonal variations of particles in the atmosphere of rural, urban and industrial areas：Organic compounds

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 45-56页

作者： fabrice cazier Paul Genevray Dorothée Dewaele Habiba Nouali Anthony Verdin Frédéric Ledoux Adam Hachimi Lucie Courcot Sylvain Billet Saad Bouhsina Pirouz Shirali Guillaume Garcon Dominique Courcot Common Center of Measurements (CCM) Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale F-59140 Dunkirk France Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life UCEIV-EA4492 Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale F-59140 Dunkirk France MicroPolluants Technologie SA 4 Rue de Bort Les Orgues F-57070 Saint Julien Les Metz France Oceanology and Geosciences Laboratory LOG UMR 8187 Univ. Littoral C6te d'Opale F-62230 Wimereux France Impact of Chemical Environment on Human Health Univ. Lille CHU Lille Institut Pasteur de Lille EA4483-IMPECS 59000 LILLE France

Atmospheric aerosol samples（PM2.5–0.3, i.e., atmospheric particles ranging from 0.3 to2.5 μm） were collected during two periods： spring–summer 2008 and autumn–winter 2008–2009, using high volume samplers equipped with cascade impactors. Two sites located in the Northern France were compared in this study： a highly industrialised city（Dunkirk） and a rural site（Rubrouck）. Physicochemical analysis of particulate matter（PM） was undertaken to propose parameters that could be used to distinguish the various sources and to exhibit seasonal variations but also to provide knowledge of chemical element composition for the interpretation of future toxicological studies. The study showed that PM2.5–0.3concentration in the atmosphere of the rural area remains stable along the year and was significantly lower than in the urban or industrial ones, for which concentrations increase during *** concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）, dioxins, furans and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls（DL-PCBs）, generated by industrial activities, traffic and municipal wastes incineration were detected in the samples. Specific criteria like Carbon Preference Index（CPI） and Combustion PAHs/Total PAHs ratio（CPAHs/TPAHs） were used to identify the possible sources of atmospheric pollution. They revealed that paraffins are mainly emitted by biogenic sources in spring–summer whereas as in the case of PAHs, they have numerous anthropogenic emission sources in autumn-winter（mainly from traffic and domestic heating）.

关键词： Environmental monitoring Airborne particles PAHs Paraffins Dioxins

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Synthesis of Mesoporous Chromium Silicates Molecular Sieves in Strong Acidic Media by Assembly of Preformed CrS1 Precursors with Triblock Copolymer

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 177-181页

作者： Karima Bendahou Saidi Fatiha Hamidi Leila Cherif Aouali Stephane Siffert Abdelkader Bengueddach Aissa Aissat fabrice cazier Antoine Aboukais Laboratoire de catalyse et synthese en ehimie organique PB 119 Universite de Tlemcen Algerie Univ Lille Nord de France F-59000 Lille France ULCO LCE F-59140 Dunkerque France Laboratoire de ehimie des materiaux Universite d ＇Oran Algerie ULCO CCM F-59140 Dunkerque France

Chromium-incorporated mesoporous silica materials （MCrS） have been successfully prepared in strong acidic media by assembly of preformed CrSI precursors with triblock copolymer of the Pluronic type （P123） by a two steps procedure. Various techniques including XRD, N2 adsorption, FT-IR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-vis （DRUV-vis） and EPR were employed for the materials characterization. MCrS materials have a hexagonal structure with uniform mesopores and contain Cr（V） and Cr（VI） under low and high Cr content and that the mesoporous walls contain the MFI structure building units.

关键词： Zeolite precursors CrS-1 mesoporous SBA-15

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