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Dam Failures in the 20th Century： Nearly 1,000 Avoidable Victims in Italy Alone

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2014年第1期3卷 19-31页

作者： fabio luino Giovanni Tosatti Vittorio Bonaria Italian NRC (National Research Council) Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection Torino 10135 Italy Department of Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena 41121 Italy Bierrevi Associated Geoengineering Study Genova 16124 Italy

The frequency of large dam failures all over the world, with a high toll of lives lost, pinpoints the still unsolved problems of flood risk resulting from the presence of large dams in built-up areas. Some of these failures and other related incidents took place in Italy in the past century. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the three worst cases of dam failures occurring in Italy, analyzing the causes which led to collapse. They are the dams of Gleno （1923）, Molare （1935） and Stava （1985）.

关键词： Dam catastrophic failure flood risk management.

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Environmental Data Acquisition, Elaboration and Integration： Preliminary Application to a Vulnerable Mountain Landscape and Village （Novalesa, NW Italy）

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 635-642页

作者： Massimiliano Lega Marco Casazza Laura Turconi fabio luino Domenico Tropeano Gabriele Savio Sergio Ulgiati Theodore Endreny Department of Engineering Parthenope University of Napoli Naples 80143 Italy Institute for Hydro-Geological Protection Research National Research Council (CNR-IRPI) Turin 10135 Italy Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of Napoli Naples 80143 Italy Department of Environmental Resources Engineering College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Climate conditions play a crucial role in the survival of mountain communities, whose survival already critically depends on socioeconomic factors. In the case of montane areas that are prone to natural haz-ards, such as alpine slope failure and debris flows, climatic factors exert a major influence that should be considered when creating appropriate sustainable scenarios. In fact, it has been shown that climate change alters the availability of ecosystem services （ES）, thus increasing the risks of declining soil fertility and reduced water availability, as well as the loss of grassland, potential shifts in regulatory services （e.g., protection from natural hazards）, and cultural services. This study offers a preliminary discussion on a case study of a region in the Italian Alps that is experiencing increased extreme precipitation and erosion, and where an isolated and historically resilient community directly depends on a natural resource econ- omy. Preliminary results show that economic factors have influenced past population trends of the Novalesa community in the Piemonte Region in northwest Italy. However, the increasing number of rock fall and debris flow events, which are triggered by meteo-climatic factors, may further influence the livelihood and weflbeing of this community, and of other similar communities around the world, Therefore, environmental monitoring and data analysis will be important means of detecting trends in landscape and climate change and choosing appropriate planning options. Such analysis, in turn, would ensure the survival of about 10% of the global population, and would also represent a possibility for future economic development in critical areas prone to poverty conditions.

关键词： Environmental data elaboration Climate change Mountain community Italy Resilience Socioecological system Hydrogeological risk

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