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The impact of deceased versus living donor graft status on kidney transplant outcomes:A Johannesburg single-center 48 years experience of 1685 patients

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Current Urology 2024年第4期18卷 336-341页

作者： Tanya G Milwid June fabian Ahmed Adam Division of Urology University of WitwatersrandDepartment of UrologyHelen Joseph Hospitaland Rahima Moosa Mother and Child HospitalJohannesburgSouth Africa Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre School of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Background This study is aimed to determine the impact of living donor(LD)versus deceased donor(DD)kidney transplantation on renal graft survival and patient overall survival rates within Johannesburg,South *** and methods A retrospective assessment was conducted of all 1685 adult first kidney-alone kidney transplant recipients transplanted between the years 1966 and 2013 in a single *** patients were divided according to the source of the transplant:LD versus *** and post-transplantation follow-up data were determined and *** and overall survival plots were *** Of the recipients enrolled,84.1%were DD recipients and 15.9%were LD *** donor recipient status was significantly associated with younger age(p≤0.0001),a higher proportion of white,Asian,or mixed race compared to black race(p≤000.1),a higher proportion of urologic etiology of disease(p=0.015),and a lower proportion with hypertension(p≤0.0001)as the cause of end stage kidney *** showed a decreased risk of graft failure(hazard ratio,0.55;95%confidence interval,0.45–0.66)and a decreased risk of death(hazard ratio,0.47;95%confidence interval,0.36–0.61)among LD graft recipients as compared to DD graft *** In keeping with internationally reported trends,LD recipients continue to have enhanced patient and graft survival outcomes as compared to DD recipients within our local *** Johannesburg experience will serve as a foundation for future related studies in this region of the world.

关键词： Graft survival Kidney transplant Living donors South Africa Survival rate

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When linear inversion fails:Neural-network optimization for sparse-ray travel-time tomography of a volcanic edifice

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2024年第1期5卷 232-243页

作者： Abolfazl Komeazi Georg Rümpker Johannes Faber fabian Limberger Nishtha Srivastava Institute of Geosciences Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FrankfurtGermany

In this study,we present an artificial neural network(ANN)-based approach for travel-time tomography of a volcanic edifice under sparse-ray *** employ ray tracing to simulate the propagation of seismic waves through the heterogeneous medium of a volcanic edifice,and an inverse modeling algorithm that uses an ANN to estimate the velocity structure from the“observed”travel-time *** performance of the approach is evaluated through a 2-dimensional numerical study that simulates i)an active source seismic experiment with a few(explosive)sources placed on one side of the edifice and a dense line of receivers placed on the other side,and ii)earthquakes located inside the edifice with receivers placed on both sides of the *** results are compared with those obtained from conventional damped linear *** average Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)between the input and output models is approximately 0.03 km/s for the ANN inversions,whereas it is about 0.4 km/s for the linear inversions,demonstrating that the ANN-based approach outperforms the classical approach,particularly in situations with sparse ray *** study emphasizes the advantages of employing a relatively simple ANN architecture in conjunction with second-order optimizers to minimize the loss *** to using first-order optimizers,our ANN architecture shows a~25%reduction in *** ANN-based approach is computationally *** observed that even though the ANN is trained based on completely random velocity models,it is still capable of resolving previously unseen anomalous structures within the edifice with about 5%anomalous discrepancies,making it a potentially valuable tool for the detection of low velocity anomalies related to magmatic intrusions or mush.

关键词： Volcanic edifice Neural network Deep learning Magma chamber Tomography Inversion

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Estimating relative diffusion from 3D micro-CT images using CNNs

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2023年第1期4卷 199-208页

作者： Stephan Gättner Florian Frank fabian Woller Andreas Meier Nadja Ray Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg Department MathematikCauerstraβe 11Erlangen91058Germany Math2 Market GmbH Richard-Wagner-Straβe 1Kaiserslautern67655Germany Mathematical Institute for Machine Learning and Data Science Goldknopfgasse 7Ingolstadt49085Germany

In recent years,convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have demonstrated their effectiveness in predicting bulk parameters,such as effective diffusion,directly from pore-space *** offer significant computational advantages over traditional methods,making them particularly ***,the current literature primarily focuses on fully saturated porous media,while the partially saturated case is also of high interest for various *** saturated conditions present more complex geometries for diffusive transport,making the prediction task more *** CNNs tend to lose robustness and accuracy with lower saturation *** this paper,we overcome this limitation by introducing a CNN,which conveniently fuses diffusion prediction and a well-established morphological model that describes phase distributions in partially saturated porous *** demonstrate the ability of our CNN to perform accurate predictions of relative diffusion directly from full pore-space ***,we compare our predictions with well-established relations such as the one by Millington–Quirk.

关键词： Digital rock Neural networks Deep learning Relative diffusion Partial saturation

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Ultrasound responsive microcapsules for antibacterial nanodrug delivery

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Nano Research 2023年第2期16卷 2738-2748页

作者： Jilin Fan Mingjun Xuan Pengkun Zhao Mark Loznik Junlin Chen fabian Kiessling Lifei Zheng Andreas Herrmann Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou 325001China DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr.5052074 AachenGermany Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 152074 AachenGermany Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Hospital AachenForckenbeckstr.5552074 AachenGermany

The development of ultrasound-responsive microcapsule structures has resulted in several spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery systems for macromolecular cargoes,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even cells for biomedical ***,utilizing microcapsules to transport small molecular cargoes remains a challenge,because the leakage of drugs before ultrasound irradiation might cause side effects such as the undesired toxicity and the decrease of effective drug concentration at the target ***,we present a novel strategy to tackle these shortcomings by employing nanodrugs which refers to nanoparticles coated with small molecule *** showed that the drug leakage was prevented when encapsulating the nanodrug in ***,the fabricated drug delivery system was responsive not only to unfocused high-intensity ultrasound but also to the clinically relevant high-intensity focused ***,as a proof of concept,we showed that the antibacterial activity of the nanodrug@Microcapsules could be activated by applying ultrasound in *** results may provide new insights into the development of ultrasound triggered small molecule drug delivery assisted by metallic nanoparticles.

关键词： microcapsules vancomycin-nanodrug sonication drug release

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Capillaric field effect transistors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第2期8卷 59-71页

作者： Claude Meffan Julian Menges fabian Dolamore Daniel Mak Conan Fee Renwick C.J.Dobson Volker Nock Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand Department of Microengineering Kyoto University615-8540 KyotoJapan School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand Biomolecular Interaction Centre School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand School of Product Design University of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6140New Zealand

Controlling fluid flow in capillaric circuits is a key requirement to increase their uptake for assay *** action off-valves provide such functionality by pushing an occluding bubble into the channel using a difference in capillary ***,we utilized the binary switching mode of this structure to develop a powerful set of fundamental fluidic valving *** this work,we study the transistor-like qualities of the off-valve and provide evidence that these structures are in fact functionally complementary to electronic junction field effect *** view of this,we propose the new term capillaric field effect transistor to describe these types of *** support this conclusion,we present a theoretical description,experimental characterization,and practical application of analog flow resistance *** addition,we demonstrate that the valves can also be *** show modulation of the flow resistance from fully open to pinch-off,determine the flow rate-trigger channel volume relationship and demonstrate that the latter can be modeled using Shockley's equation for electronic ***,we provide a first example of how the valves can be opened and closed repeatedly.

关键词： transistors effect field

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Diapause affects cuticular hydrocarbon composition and mating behavior of both sexes in Drosophila montana

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 304-316页

作者： Outi Ala-Honkola Hannele Kauranen Venera Tyukmaeva fabian A.Boetzl Anneli Hoikkala Thomas Schmitt Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of JyvaskylaJyvaskylaFinland Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology BiocenterUniversity of WurzburgWurzburgGermany

Envipnmental cues,mainly photoperiod and temperature,are known to control female adult reproductive diapause in several insect *** enhances female survival during adverse conditions and postpones progeny production to the favorable *** diapause(a reversible inability to inseminate receptive females)has been studied much less than female ***,if the males maximized their chances to fertilize females while minimizing their energy expenditure,they would be expected to be in diapause at the same time as *** investigated Drosophila montana male mating bchavior under short-day conditions that induce diapause in females and found the males to be reproductively *** also found that males reared under long-day conditions(reproducing individuals)court reproducing postdiapause fermales,but not diapausing *** diapausing fies of both sexes had more long-chain and less short-chain hydrocarbons on their cuticle than the reproducing ones,which presumably increase their survival under stressful conditions,but at the same time decrease their *** study shows that the mating behavior of females and males is well coordinated during and afier overwintering and it also gives support to the dual role of insect cuticular hydrocarbons in adaptation and mate choice.

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbon diapause Drosophila male choice male reproduction

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4D Design and Simulation Technologies and Process Design Patterns to Support Lean Construction Methods

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 179-184页

作者： Manfred Breit Manfred Vogel Fritz Hubi fabian Mrki Micheal Raps i4Ds University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland

The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a 'Process Archeology' in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.

关键词： 4D design process and organization modeling and simulation process design patterns lean construction methods

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Monitoring the fibrolytic potential of microbial ecosystems from domestic and wild ruminants browsing tanniferous forages

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 40-44页

作者： Nokwethemba Nqobile Philile Msimango fabian Nde Fon Department of Agriculture Faulty of Science and Agriculture University of Zululand

Although the rumen microbiome has been reported to synthesize a rich source of symbiotic enzymes(exocellulase, endocellulase, hemicellulase and cellobiase), the digestion of tropical C_4 grasses and browses by ruminants is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to unveil potential fibrolytic microbial ecosystems from giraffe, kudu, impala and consortia(A1 [giraffe + kudu], A2 [giraffe + impala], A3[kudu + impala], and A4 [giraffe + kudu + impala]) browsing tanniferous plants, which can be used to improve forage utilization in domesticated goat. Crude protein enzyme extracts(CPZ) from fresh faecal samples were precipitated by 60% ammonium sulphate and assayed for exocellulase, endocellulase and hemicellulase by incubating with crystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan at 38 ℃ with optimum pH of 5.5 to 6.5 for 1, 2, and 48 h, respectively. Enzyme specific activities were defined as μg of reducing sugar/mg CPZ. In vitro fermentation study was done by transferring 33 mL of fresh faecal inoculum into 67 mL of salivary buffer containing 1 g Acacia sieberiana and incubating for 72 h at 38 ℃,Apparent degradability(APDeg), true degradability(TD), neutral detergent fibre degradability(NDFdeg),acid detergent fibre degradability(ADFdeg), microbial yield(MY), metabolizable energy(ME) and total gas emitted(Gas) were measured. Exocellulase activities were higher(P < 0.05) in all wild animals and consortia than those in goat except for A4. Minimal differences in hemicellulase activities(P < 0.05) were observed among goat and wild animals and consortia, while endocellulase activity was generally higher(P < 0.05) in goat than that in the rest of the systems. Apart from A3, TDeg, NDFdeg and ADFdeg were higher(P < 0.05) in all microbial ecosystems from wild animals and consortia than those in *** degradability, MY and ME also varied(P < 0.05) among these systems. Giraffe, Kudu and A3 produced lower(P < 0.05) gas than the goat system. This study showed that

关键词： Cellulase Hemicellulase Fermentation Tanniferous forage Gas production

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Lightweight in Automotive Components by Forming Technology

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第3期3卷 195-209页

作者： Stephan Rosenthal fabian Maaß Mike Kamaliev Marlon Hahn Soeren Gies A.Erman Tekkaya Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Components(IUL) TU Dortmund University44227 DortmundGermany

Lightweight design is one of the current key drivers to reduce the energy consumption of *** methodologies for lightweight components,strategies utilizing materials with favorable specific properties and hybrid materials are used to increase the performance of parts for automotive *** this paper,various forming processes to produce light parts are *** lightweight design is discussed,covering the manufacturing processes to produce hybrid components like fiber-metal,polymer-metal and metal-metal composites,which can be used in subsequent deep drawing or combined forming *** to increasing the specific strength and stiffness with thermomechanical forming processes as well as the in situ control of the microstructure of such components are *** lightweight design discusses possibilities to plastically form high-strength or high-performance materials like magnesium or titanium in sheet,profile and tube forming *** join those materials and/or dissimilar materials,new joining by forming technologies are *** economically produce lightweight parts with gears or functional elements,incremental sheet-bulk metal forming is *** an important part property,the damage evolution during the forming operations will be discussed to enable even lighter parts through a more reliable *** methods for predicting and tailoring the mechanical properties like strength and residual stresses will be *** possibilities of system lightweight design with forming technologies are presented.A combination of additive manufacturing and forming to produce highly complex parts with integrated functions will be *** integration of functions by a hot extrusion process for the manufacturing of shape memory alloys is *** in-depth understanding of the newly developed processes,methodologies and effects allows for a more accurate dimen-sioning of *** facilitates a reduction in th

关键词： Forming technology Lightweight design Energy efficiency Manufacturing processes

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Lack of functional link in the tadpole morphology induced by predators

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 227-235页

作者： Maria Gabriela PEROTTI Mariana PUETA fabian Gaston JARA Carmen Adria UBED Debora Lina MORENO AZOCAR Laboratorio de Fotobiologfa INIBIOMA CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue O.uintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina Departamento de Biologfa General. Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina Departamento de Zoologia INIBIOMA CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 8400 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina

Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species re- spond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that Pleurodema thaul tadpoles exposed to the dragonfly Rhionaeschna varie- gata responded strongly by showing morphological changes, less activity, and better survival than non-exposed tadpoles. Here, we tested whether there is a functional link between morphological plasticity and increased survival in the presence of predators. Tadpoles that experienced predation risk were smaller, less developed, and much less active than tadpoles without this experience. Burst speed did not correlate significantly with morphological changes and predator-induced deeper tails did not act as a lure to divert predator strikes away from the head. Although we have previously found that tadpoles with predator-induced morphology survive better under a direct predator threat, our results on the functional link between morphology and fitness are not conclu- sive. Our results suggest that in P. thaultadpoles （1） burst speed is not important to evade preda- tors, （2） those exposed to predators reduce their activity, and （3） morphological changes do not divert predator attacks away from areas that compromise tadpole survivalEE. Our results show that morphological changes in P. thaul tadpoles do not explain burst speed or lure attraction, al- though there was a clear reduction of activity, which itself reduces predation. We propose that changes in tadpole activity could be further analyzed from another perspective, with morphological change as an indirect product of behavior mediated by physiological mechanisms.

关键词： induced morphology lure effect predator exposure swimming performance tadpoles.

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