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Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Foliar Chemistry of Transgenic Bt Cotton

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第9期49卷 1361-1369页

作者： Gang Wu fa-jun chen Feng Ge Yu-cheng Sun National Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Entomology Co//ege of P/ant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Biology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

A field study was carried out to quantify plant growth and the foliar chemistry of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton （cv. GK-12） exposed to ambient CO2 and elevated （double-ambient） CO2 for different lengths of time （1, 2 and 3 months） in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf chemistry of transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly, higher plant height and leaf area per plant were observed after cotton plants that were grown in elevated CO2 were compared with plants grown in ambient CO2 for 1, 2 and 3 months in the investigation. Simultaneously, significant interaction between CO2 level x investigating year was observed in leaf area per plant. Moreover, foliar total amino acids were increased by 14%, 13%, 11% and 12%, 14%, 10% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Condensed tannin occurrence increased by 17%, 11%, 9% in 2004 and 12%, 11%, 9% in 2005 in transgenic Bt cotton after being exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 for the same time. However, Bt toxin decreased by 3.0%, 2.9%, 3.1% and 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.9% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3months compared with ambient CO2 for same time in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Furthermore, there was prominent interaction on the foliar total amino acids between the CO2 level and the time of cotton plant being exposed to elevated CO2. It is presumed that elevated CO2 can alter the plant growth and hence ultimately the phenotype allocation to foliar chemistical components of transgenic Bt cotton, which may in turn, affect the plant-herbivore interactions.

关键词： elevated CO2 growth leaf chemistry open-top chamber transgenic Bt cotton.

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Influences of elevated CO2 and pest damage on the allocation of plant defense compounds in Bt-transgenic cotton and enzymatic activity of cotton aphid

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 401-408页

作者： Gang Wu fa-jun chen Neng-Wen Xiao Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Coflege of Plant Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing China

Plant allocation to defensive compounds by elevated CO2-grown nontransgenic and transgenic Bt cotton in response to infestation by cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii （Glover） in open-top chambers under elevated CO2 were studied. The results showed that significantly lower foliar nitrogen concentration and Bt toxin protein occurred in transgenic Bt cotton with and without cotton aphid infestation under elevated CO2. However, significantly higher carbon/nitrogen ratio, condensed tannin and gossypol were observed in transgenic Bt cotton ＂GK-12＂ and non-transgenic Bt cotton ＇Simian-3＇ under elevated CO2. The CO2 level and cotton variety significantly influenced the foliar nitrogen, condensed tannin and gossypol concentrations in the plant leaves after feeding by A. gossypii. The interaction between CO2 level x infestation time （24 h, 48 h and 72 h） showed a significant increase in cotton condensed tannin concentrations, while the interaction between CO2 level x cotton variety significantly decreased the true choline esterase （TChE） concentration in the body ofa. gossypi. This study exemplified the complexities of predicting how transgenic and non-transgenic plants will allocate defensive compounds in response to herbivorous insects under differing climatic conditions. Plant defensive compound allocation patterns and aphid enzyme changes observed in this study appear to be broadly applicable across a range of plant and herbivorous insect interactions as CO2 atmosphere rises.

关键词： Aphis gossypii condensed tannin elevated CO2 gossypol plant allocation,transgenic Bt cotton

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Effects of elevated CO2 on the foraging behavior of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

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Insect Science 2005年第5期12卷 359-365页

作者： fa-jun chen GANG WU jun LUE FENG GE State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing Plant Protection Department Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China

Effects of elevated CO2 on the foraging behavior of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa arrnigera Hübner reared on milky grains of spring wheat grown in ambient, 550μL/L and 750μL/L CO2 concentration atmospheres in open-top chambers （OTC） were studied. The results indicated that：（i） elevated CO2 significantly affected both the type and amount of food eaten by *** reared on milky grains of ambient CO2-grown wheat were significant higher than those for bollworm larvae reared on wheat grains grown in 550 and 750μL/L CO2 atmospheres; （ii） when bollworm larvae were reared on mixed milky grains from different CO2-grown wheat （food-choice condition）, larval duration increased significantly-pupal weight, adult longevity, and fecundity decreased significantly, comparing with those reared on milky grains of ambient CO2-grown wheat, 550μL/L CO2-grown wheat and 750μL/L CO2-grown wheat respectively; （iii） significant decreases in the contents of fructose and gross protein （GP） and significant increases in the contents of glucose, amylose, total saccharides （TSC）, TSC： GP ratio, free amino acids and soluble protein in the wheat grains with CO2 rising; （iv） and selected-foraging amount/food-choice index of cotton bollworm *** were significantly positive correlated with the contents of fructose and GP of wheat grains, but they had significantly negative relationships with the contents of glucose, amylose, TSC and TSC： GP ratio of wheat grains.

关键词： elevated CO2 foraging behavior Helicoverpa armigera open-top chamber spring wheat

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Peliosis and gummatous syphilis of the liver: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1961-1963页

作者： jun-fa chen Wei-Xia chen Hong-Ying Zhang Wen-Yan Zhang Department of Radiology WestChina Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 SichuanProvince China Department of Patbology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041Sichuan Province China

Peliosis hepatis is a rare benign vascular disorder of the liver that may be associated with malignancy, infection and drugs. The imaging manifestation of this disorder is often variable and nonspecific making its diagnosis difficult. We describe a rare case of peliosis hepatis and gummatous syphilis of the liver with emphasis on CT findings. Image characteristics of our patient included pseudotumoral appearance of peliosis hepatis, isodensity to the adjacent liver parenchyma on unenhanced and dual-phase scanning. To our knowledge, peliosis hepatis associated with syphilis and unique enhancement pattern has not been reported. Considering the imaging features of peliosis hepatis, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical focal hepatic lesion.

关键词： Focal liver lesion Peliosis hepatis Syphilis Computed tomography

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Effects of elevated CO2 on the interspecific competition between two sympatric species of Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci fed on transgenic Bt cotton

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 426-434页

作者： Zhi-Yi Li Tong-Jin Liu Neng-Wen Xiao jun-Sheng Li fa-jun chen Department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan Institute of Ecological Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing China

Effects of elevated CO2 （twice ambient vs. ambient） and Bt CrylAc transgene （Bt cotton cv. 33B vs. its nontransgenic parental line cv. DP5415） on the interspecific competition between two ecologically similar species of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and whitefly biotype-Q Bemisia tabaci were studied in open-top chambers. The results indicated that elevated CO2 and Bt cotton both affected the population abundances of A. gossypii and biotype-Q B. tabaci when introduced solely （i.e., without interspecific competition） or two species coexisted （i.e., with interspecific competition）. Compared with ambient CO2, elevated COe increased the population abundances ofa. gossypii and biotype-Q B. tabaci as fed on Bt and nontransgenic cotton on 45 （i.e., seedling stage） and 60 （i.e., flowering stage） days after planting （DAP）, but only significantly enhanced aphid abundance without interspecific competition on the 45-DAP nontransgenic cotton and 60-DAP Bt cotton, and significantly increased whitefly abundance with interspecific competition on the 45-DAP Bt cotton and 60-DAP nontransgenic cotton. In addition, compared with nontransgenic cotton at elevated CO2, Bt cotton significantly reduced biotype-Q B. tabaci abundances without and with interspecific competition during seedling and flowering stage, while only significantly decreasing A. gossypii abundances without interspecific competition during the seedling stage. When the two insect species coexisted, the proportions ofbiotype-Q B. tabaci were significantly higher than those ofa. gossypii on Bt and nontransgenic cotton at the same CO2 levels, and elevated CO2 only significantly increased the percentages of biotype-Q B. tabaci and significantly reduced the proportions of A. gossypii on seedling and flowering nontransgenic cotton. Therefore, the effects of elevated CO2 were favorable for biotype-Q B. tabaci to out-compete A. gossypii under the predicted global climate change.

关键词： climate change interspecific competition sympatric species transgenic crop

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How does atmospheric elevated CO2 affect crop pests and their natural enemies？ Case histories from China

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 393-400页

作者： Yu-cheng Sun Jin Yin fa-jun chen Gang Wu Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Department of Entomology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing College of Plant Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

Global atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen rapidly since the Industrial Revolution and are considered as a primary factor in climate change. The effects of elevated CO2 on herbivore insects were found to be primarily through the CO2-induced changes occurring in their host plants, which then possibly affect the intensity and frequency of pest outbreaks on crops. This paper reviews several ongoing research models using primary pests of crops （cotton bollworm, whitefly, aphids） and their natural enemies （ladybeetles, parasitoids） in China to examine insect responses to elevated CO2. It is generally indicated that elevated CO2 prolonged the development of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, a chewing insect, by decreasing the foliar nitrogen of host plants. In contrast, the phloemsucking aphid and whitefly insects had species-specific responses to elevated CO2 because of complex interactions that occur in the phloem sieve elements of plants. Some aphid species, such as cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii and wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae, were considered to represent the only feeding guild to respond positively to elevated CO2 conditions. Although whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a major vector of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, had neutral response to elevated CO2, the plants became less vulnerable to the virus infection under elevated CO2. The predator and parasitoid response to elevated CO2 were frequently idiosyncratic. These documents from Chinese scientists suggested that elevated CO2 initially affects the crop plant and then cascades to a higher trophic level through the food chain to encompass herbivores （pests）, their natural enemies, pathogens and underground nematodes, which disrupt the natural balance observed previously in agricultural ecosystems.

关键词： aphid cotton bollworm elevated CO2 fitness whitefly

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Effects of seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice and its parental line on the population dynamics of target stemborers and leafrollers, and non-target planthoppers

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 777-794页

作者： Zhuo Li Li-Kun Li Bin Liu Long Wang Megha N. Parajulee fa-jun chen Department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Texas A&M University Agri Life Research and Extension Center Lubbock Texas USA

The widespread planting of insect-resistant crops has caused a dramatic shift in agricultural landscapes, thus raising concerns about the potential impacts on both target and non-target pests. In this study, we examined the potential effects of intra-specific seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice (Bt) and its parental non-transgenic line (Nt)(100% Bt rice [Bt100], 5% Nt+95% Bt [Nt05Bt95], 10% Nt+90% Bt [Nt|0Bt90], 20% Nt+80% Bt [Nt2oBtso], 40% Nt+60% Bt [Nt4oBt6O] and 100% Nt rice [Ntjoo]) on target and non-target pests in a 2-year field trial in southern China. The occurrence of target pests, Sesamia inf evens. Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, decreased with the increased ratio of Bt rice, and the mixture ratios with more than 90% Bt rice (Btjoo and Nt()5Bt95) significantly increased the pest suppression efficiency, with the lowest occurrences of non-target planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella jurcijera in Ntioo and NtosBtgs. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in 1000?grain dry weight and grain dry weight per 100 plants between Btjoo and NtosBtgs,Seed mixture sowing of Bt rice with <10%(especially 5%) of its parent line was sufficient to overcome potential compliance issues that exist with the use of block or structured refuge to provide most effective control of both target and non-target pests without compromising the grain yield. It is also expected that the strategy of seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice and the nontransgenic parental line would provide rice yield stability while decreasing the insecticide use frequency in rice production.

关键词： cultivar diversity occurrence and damage seed mixture sowing target and non-target pests transgenic Bt rice yield

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Enhancement of the geomagnetic field reduces the phototaxis of rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens associated with frataxin down-regulation

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 1043-1052页

作者： Ying-Chao Zhang Gui-jun Wan Wei-Hong Wang Yue Li Yang Yu Yu-Xia Zhang fa-jun chen Wei-Dong Pan Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

The geomagnetic field(GMF)is an environmental cue that provides directional information for *** intensity of GMF is varied over space and *** in the GMF intensity afect the navigation of animals and their *** this study,the phototaxis of the migratory insect rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(***)and frataxin in ***(NI-fh),which is a mitochondrial protein required for cellular iron homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster assembly,were investigated by using different intensities of magnetic *** the results,individuals of *** showed decreased phototaxis when reared and tested in a behavioral arena under a strong magnetic *** the reduction in performance,an accompanying ffect of the strong magnetic field condition was a reduced level of Nl-fh-messenger RNA,and a NI-fh knockdown indeed impaired the phototactic behavior in a tested sample of *** leads to the conclusion that the expression of frataxin is dependent on the strength of the surrounding magnetic field and that functional frataxin facilitates phototactic behavior in ***.

关键词： frataxin ma gnetic field migratory Nilaparvata lugens phototaxis

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Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens was concentrated at the rear of the typhoon Soudelor in Eastern China in August 2015

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 916-926页

作者： Jian Ma Ye-chen Wang Yan-Yue Hu Ming-Hong Lu Gui-jun Wan fa-jun chen Wan-Cai Liu Bao-Ping Zhai Gao Hu College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Division of Pest Forecasting China National Agro-Tec Extension and Service Centre Beijing China Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall UK

Sometimes, extreme weather is vital for the population survival of migratory insects by causing sudden population collapse or outbreak. Several studies have shown that rice planthopper migration was significantly influenced by typhoons in eastern Asia. Most typhoons occur in the summer, especially in August. In August, brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens （Stal） migrates northward or southward depending on wind direc- tion, and thus typhoons can potentially influence its migration process and population distribution. However, this has not yet been studied. This paper reported a case study on the effects of Typhoon Soudelor on the summer migration of N. lugens in eastern China in 2015. The migration pathways of N. lugens were reconstructed for the period under the influence of a typhoon by calculating the trajectories and migration events in eight counties of the Yangtze River Valley region with ancillary information. Trajectory mod- elling showed that most migrants took short distance migrations （less than 200 km） under the influence of the Typhoon Soudelor. Numerous N. lugens migrants were concentrated and deposited at the rear of the typhoon during the last 5 days of Typhoon Soudelor on August 9-13 due to horizontal convergence, and this led to an outbreak population. These results indicated that the N. lugens population was redistributed by the typhoon in the sum- mer and that the population dynamics at the rear of a typhoon should be kept under close surveillance. This study provided insight into migratory organisms adapting to atmospheric features.

关键词： insect migration Nilaparvata lugens trajectory analysis typhoon WRFModel

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Azotobacter inoculation can enhance the resistance of Bt cotton to cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

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Insect Science 2023年第6期30卷 1648-1662页

作者： Zhuo Li Ming Zhao Lei Li Yi-Yang Yuan fa-jun chen Megha N.Parajulee Feng Ge Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Shandong Cotton Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina Department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Texas A&M University AgriLife Research and Extension Center LubbockTexasUSA

The rising trend in the cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops may cause a destabilization of agroecosystems, thus increasing concerns about the sustainability of Bt crops as a valid pest management method. Azotobacter can be used as a biological regulator to increase environmental suitability and improve the soil nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, especially Bt cotton. A laboratory test investigated effects on the development and food utilization of Helicoverpa armigera fed with different Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac proteins and nitrogen metabolism-related compounds from cotton (transgenic variety SCRC 37 vs non-Bt cotton cv. Yu 2067) inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (Ab) and Azotobacter chroococcum (Ac). The findings indicate that inoculation with Azotobacter significantly decreased the partial development and food utilization indexes (pupal weight;pupation rate;adult longevity;fecundity;relative growth rate, RGR;efficiency of conversion of digested food, ECD;and efficiency of conversion of ingested food, ECI) of H. armigera fed on Bt cotton, but contrasting trends were found among these indexes in H. armigera fed on non-Bt cotton inoculated with Azotobacter, as a result of differences in Bt toxin production. Overall, the results showed that inoculation with Azotobacter had negative effects on the development and food utilization of H. armigera fed on Bt cotton, leading to enhanced target insect resistance. Presumably, Azotobacter inoculation can be used to stimulate plant soil nitrogen uptake to increase nitrogen metabolism-related compounds and promote plant growth for Bt and non-Bt cotton, simultaneously raising Bt protein expression and enhancing resistance efficacy against cotton bollworm in Bt cotton.

关键词： Azotobacter Bt protein expression development and fecundity food utilization nitrogen metabolism-related compounds transgenic Bt cotton

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