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Water-Extractable Carbon Pools and Microbial Biomass Carbon in Sodic Water-Irrigated Soils Amended with Gypsum and Organic Manures

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 88-97页

作者： O.P.CHOUDHARY j.K.GILL BIjAY-SINGH Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University School of Earth and Environment University of Western Australia

Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), a small fraction of soil organic matter, has a rapid turnover rate and is a reservoir of labile nutrients. The water-extractable carbon pools provide a fairly good estimate of labile C present in soil and can be easily quantified. Changes in soil MBC and water-extractable organic carbon pools were studied in a 14-year long-term experiment in plots of rice-wheat rotation irrigated with canal water (CW), sodic water (SW, 10-12.5 mmol c L-1 residual sodium carbonate), and SW amended with gypsum with or without application of organic amendments including farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS). Irrigation with SW increased soil exchangeable sodium percentage by more than 13 times compared to irrigation with CW. Sodic water irrigation significantly decreased hot water-extractable organic carbon (HWOC) from 330 to 286 mg kg-1 soil and cold water-extractable organic carbon (CWOC) from 53 to 22 mg kg-1 soil in the top 0-7.5 cm soil layer. In the lower soil layer (7.5-15 cm), reduction in HWOC was not significant. Application of gypsum alone resulted in a decrease in HWOC in the SW plots, whereas an increase was recorded in the SW plots with application of both gypsum and organic amendments in both the soil layers. Nevertheless, application of gypsum and organic amendments increased the mean CWOC as compared with application of gypsum alone. CWOC was significantly correlated with MBC but did not truly reflect the changes in MBC in the treatments with gypsum and organic amendments applied. For the treatments without organic amendments, HWOC was negatively correlated with MBC (r = 0.57*) in the 0-7.5 cm soil layer, whereas for the treatments with organic amendments, both were positively correlated. Irrigation with SW significantly reduced the rice yield by 3 t ha-1 and the yield of rice and wheat by 5 t ha-1 as compared to irrigation with canal water. Application of amendments significantly increased rice and wheat yields.

关键词： cold water exchangeable sodium percentage hot water organic carbon yield

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Full Duplex Media Access Control Protocol for Multihop Network Computing

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 297-309页

作者： j.Avila Selvi Therase S.Allwin A.Ahilan Department of CSE Infant Jesus College EngineeringThoothukudiTamil Nadu628851India Department of ECE PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyMelathediyoorTamil Nadu627152India

Intelligent communication technologies beyond the network are pro-posed by using a new full-duplex *** Media Access Control(MAC)is a data interaction network protocol,which outperforms the IEEE *** research discusses the planning and execution of full-duplex(FD)pipeline MAC protocol for multihop wireless networks(MWN).The design uses a com-bination of Radio frequency and baseband methods to realize full-duplexing with smallest impact on cross layer *** execution and trial results specify that Pipeline Media Access Control(PiMAC)protocol considerably develops net-work implementation in terms of transmission protocol(TP)and transmission *** advantage of using FD-MAC will increase the range of *** takes benefit of the FD mode of the antenna,which outperforms additionally 80%for all assessed *** this analysis,it was considered of that Psz=8184 bits and Rc=1Mbps;that’s,T_(DATA) represents an excellent portion of total *** on real nodes displays that the FD theme achieves a median gain of 90%in mix-ture throughput as equated to half-duplex(HD)theme for *** energy con-sumption of proposed system method is 29.8%reduced when compared with existing system method.

关键词： Beyondfifth-generation(B5G) FD MAC wi-finetworks wireless relay network multihop wireless networks

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Dispersal of the Zhujiang River(Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第8期33卷 1-9页

作者： GE Qian LIU j.P. XUE Zuo CHU Fengyou Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences State Oceanic AdministrationSecond Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated （ca. 400 km） Holocene Zhujiang River （Pearl River）-derived mud area （maximum thickness 〉 20 m） extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwest-ward off the Guangdong coast, to the Leizhou Peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the -120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the West-ern Pacific marginal seas （mainly Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers derived） indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages： Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand （ca. 7.0 cal. ka BP）, the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka BP, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater Pulse -1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5-10 m water depth to less than 1-2 m around 20-30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a de-veloped distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.

关键词： South China Sea Zhujiang River mud clinoform

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Diagonal form fast multipole boundary element method for 2D acoustic problems based on Burton-Miller boundary integral equation formulation and its applications

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第8期32卷 981-996页

作者：吴海军蒋伟康 Y．j．LIU State Key Laboratory of Machinery System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China Mechanical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221-0072 USA

This paper describes formulation and implementation of the fast multipole boundary element method （FMBEM） for 2D acoustic problems. The kernel function expansion theory is summarized, and four building blocks of the FMBEM are described in details. They are moment calculation, moment to moment translation, moment to local translation, and local to local translation. A data structure for the quad-tree construction is proposed which can facilitate implementation. An analytical moment expression is derived, which is more accurate, stable, and efficient than direct numerical computation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the FMBEM, and radiation of a 2D vibration rail mode is simulated using the FMBEM.

关键词： 2D acoustic wave problem Helmholtz equation fast multipole method boundary element method

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Methodology of factorial design deriving guidelines for simulation of growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima

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journal of Central South University of Technology 2001年第4期8卷 228-233页

作者： NIE Zhen yuan XIA jin lan LEVERT j.M. Institute of Bioengineering Department of Mineral EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Service de Chimie et Biochimie Appliquées FacultéPolytechnique de MonsMons 7000Belgique

It is practical, economic and sometimes essential to derive rules or conclusions by performing lesser runs of experiments. In this part, a methodology based on 2 f factorial design was brought up to derive guidelines to simulate growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima . The growth curve or accumulation process of sugars was idealized by sets of straight lines limited by phase transfers of growth or accumulation of sugars. Normal analyses of the critical values of the transfers were used to derive their linear relationships with the initial conditions of the experimental factors. These linear functions were called guidelines and were used to simulate the growth curve or accumulation of sugars. Generalization of the guideline technique was determined by the kinetic limitation of nutrient nitrogen or sulfur that was dependent upon their stoichiometric deficiency directly derived from their initial values in the medium. This method uses the initial conditions of culture and does not need measurements of concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and pigments during cultivation. It is a practical and useful alternative way to trace and predict approximately the growth curve and production of sugars by S. maxima .

关键词： factorial design guideline simulation growth production of sugar Arthrospira Spirulina maxima

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Analytical and finite-element study of optimal strain distribution in various beam shapes for energy harvesting applications

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第4期32卷 670-683页

作者： B.L.Ooi j.M.Gilbert A.Rashid A.Aziz Faculty of Integrative Sciences and Technology Quest International University Perak (QIUP) Faculty of Science and Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of Hull Center for Automotive Research and Electric Mobility(CAREM) Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP)

Owing to the increasing demand for harvesting energy from environmental vibration for use in self-powered electronic applications, cantilever-based vibration energy harvesting has attracted considerable interest from various parties and has become one of the most common approaches to converting redundant mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the output voltage produced from a piezoelectric material depends largely on the geometric shape and the size of the beam, there is a need to model and compare the performance of cantilever beams of differing *** paper presents the study of strain distribution in various shapes of cantilever beams, including a convex and concave edge profile elliptical beam that have not yet been discussed in any prior literature. Both analytical and finite-element models are derived and the resultant strain distributions in the beam are computed based on a MATLAB solver and ANSYS finite-element analysis tools. An optimum geometry for a vibration-based energy harvesting system is ***, experimental results comparing the power density for triangular and rectangular piezoelectric beams are also presented to validate the findings of the study, and the claim, as suggested in the literature, is verified.

关键词： harvesting triangular elliptical verified normalized piezoelectric cantilever redundant validate rectangular

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Improving intermittent androgen deprivation therapy： lessons learned from basic and translational research

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Asian journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 505-510页

作者： Rahul A Parikh Laura E Pascal Benjamin j Davieses Zhou Wang Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy （IADT） is an alternative to continuous androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） in prostate cancer patients with nonmetastatic disease. ADT is associated with numerous side effects such as hot flashes, sexual dysfunction, anemia, fatigue, loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome and premature cardiovascular disease. IADT was developed with the intention of improving the quality of life and to delay progression of prostate cancer to castration resistance. The benefits of slightly improved quality of life by IADT compared to ADT were demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. IADT was noted to be noninferior to ADT in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer but in studies performed in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, the results were inconclusive. Our recent studies suggested that the administration of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors during the off-cycle of IADT can significantly prolong the survival of mice bearing androgen-sensitive prostate tumors when off-cycle duration was short. This review discusses the survival benefit of 5 alpha-reductase inhibition in IADT in animal models and the potential translation of this finding into clinic.

关键词： 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor androgen-responsive genes intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) prostatecancer testosterone

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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new diphenyl ether derivatives as serotonin transporter ligands

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第5期51卷 457-463页

作者： DEUTHER-CONRAD Winnie BRUST Peter STEINBACH jrg VERCOUILLIE johnny Institute of Interdisciplinary Isotope Research

For the development of new ligands as potential imaging agents for the serotonin transporter (SERT),a series of diphenyl ether derivatives have been synthesized,characterized,and evaluated for their in vitro binding affinities to the SERT. Among the above compounds,2-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-bromobenzenamine (15) and 2-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-iodobenzene amine (16) show high binding affinities for the SERT with Ki values of 0.28 and 0.20 nmol·L-1,respectively. They can be further labeled with carbon-11,fluorine-18,iodine-123 or bromine-76,and evaluated as useful imaging agents for the SERT. Moreover,the study of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) provides some useful information for the future design of new ligands.

关键词： serotonin transporter diphenyl ether imaging agents in vitro evaluation

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An approach to viscoelastic c haracterization of dispersive media by inversion of a general wave propagation model

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2017年第6期10卷 73-88页

作者： Fernando Zvietcovich jannick P.Rolland Kevin j.Parker Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627USA The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627USA

In the characterization of elastic properties of tissue using dynarmic optical coherence elasto-graphy,shear/surface waves are propagated and tracked in order to estimate speed and Y oung's ***,for dispersive tssues,the displacement pulse is highly damped and distorted during propagation,diminishing the ffectiveness of peak tracking approaches,and leading to biased cstimates of wave ***,plane wave propagation is sometimes assumed,which contributes to estimation ***,we invert a wave propagation model that incorpo-rates propagation,decay,and distortion of pulses in a dispersive media in order to accurately estimate its elastic and viscous *** model uses a general first-order approximation of dispersion,avoiding the use of any particular rheological model of *** are conducted in elastic and viscoelastic tissue mimicking phantoms by producing a Gaussian push using acoustic radiation force excitation and measuring the wave propagation using a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography *** confirmed the ffectiveness of the inversion method in est imat ing viscoelastic parameters in both the viscoelastic and elastic phantoms when compared to mechanical ***,the viscoelastic characterization of a fresh porcine comea was *** results validate this approach when compared to other methods.

关键词： Elastography viscoelasticity cylindrical waves optical coherence tomography shear waves surface acoustic waves viscoelastic pha ntoms

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Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Oligo-Miocene ratite Emuarius gidju Casuariidae

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 148-166页

作者： Trevor H.WORTHY Suzanne j.HAND Michael ARCHER School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesNew South WalesAustralia School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of AdelaideNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia 不详

In Australia,ratites(Aves:Palaeognathae)are represented in the extant fauna by the family Casuariidae with 1 species of emu Dromaius novaehollandiae and 1 cassowary Casuarius *** Australian fossil re-cord reveals no other extinct ratite families but there are a number of other casuariid *** significant of these,due to its Oligo-Miocene age and because it is known from abundant material,is Emuarius ***,we describe additional material and confirm that the taxon had a temporal range of Late Oligocene to Mid-dle Miocene(approximately 24-15 Ma).We reveal new morphological details,including notably that the spe-cies had relatively much smaller eyes than ***,in addition to a less well-developed cursori-al ability,as inferred from its pelvic *** these respects,Emuarius is similar to Casuarius and suggest that it was adapted to denser vegetation than the open woodlands and grasslands that characterise much of Austra-lia today and to which ***,with its large eyes and enhanced cursorial ability,is strongly *** was compared to and found to be distinct from the poorly provenanced Australian fossil species *** conducted a phylogenetic analysis of morphological data that robustly shows that *** is the sister taxon of Dromaius and together these taxa form a clade that is sister to *** indicates that the evolution towards enhanced cursorality that characterises Dromaius took place after the divergence of the emu-cassowary lineages and was likely not the driving mechanism of this *** between ***-vaehollandiae and *** revealed no qualitative skeletal differences and we suggest that the latter tax-on is best considered to be an island dwarf that should be taxonomically recognized at a subspecific level only.

关键词： Australia Casuariidae Dromaius baudinianus emu evolution Emuarius phylogeny ratite

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