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current surgical treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma in North America

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15007-15017页

作者： Adeel S Khan Kathryn J fowler William c chapman Department of General and Vascular Surgery Aurora Bay Care Medical Center Department of radiology Washington University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Section of Abdominal TransplantWashington University School of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in the setting of chronic liver *** patients do not initially manifest any symptoms of Hcc and present late when cure with surgical resection or transplantation is no longer *** this reason,patients at high risk for developing Hcc are subjected to frequent screening *** surgical management of Hcc is complex and requires an inter-disciplinary *** resection is the treatment of choice for Hcc in patients without cirrhosis and is indicated in some patients with early cirrhosis(child-Pugh A).Liver transplantation has emerged in the past decade as the standard of care for patients with cirrhosis and Hcc meeting Milan criteria and in select patients with Hcc beyond Milan ***-regional therapy with transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial embolization,radiofrequency ablation and other similar local treatments can be used as neo-adjuvant therapy to downstage Hcc to within Milan criteria or as a bridge to transplantation in patients on transplant wait list.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Liver resection Transarterial chemoembolization radiofrequency ablation

Development and validation of an HPLc-UV method for analysis of methylphenidate hydrochloride and loxapine succinate in an activated carbon disposal system

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第6期8卷 349-356页

作者： Pooja Bakshi Andrew Korey William fowler Ajay K.Banga Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mercer UniversityAtlantaGA 30341USA Verde Environmental Technologies 12900 Whitewater DriveMinnetonkaMN 55343USA

Unused medications have the possibility of being abused, causing serious harm to individuals who were not prescribed the drug. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) recommends the proper disposal of unused prescribed medications to maintain safety and prevent environmental hazards. However, many of the current disposal techniques do not properly address safety. A drug disposal pouch containing granular activated carbon offers a unique disposal method to deactivate residual or expired medication in a convenient, effective, and safe manner. A robust and validated method for methylphenidate hydrochloride and loxapine succinate was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLc) and the deactivation efficiency of the disposal system was tested. Methylphenidate hydrochloride was analyzed on a c18 analytical column(250 mm ?4.60 mm, 100?) using acetonitrile-water(0.05%(v/v) trifluoroacetic acid) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of1.0 mL/min with a run time of 15 min and retention time of 7.8 min. Loxapine succinate was separated on a c8100?(250 mm ? 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column maintained at 25 °c using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of the drug was around 4.6 min. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water(0.3% triethylamine) at pH 3.0 as 40:60(v/v). reference standard solutions(100 mg/mL) for both drugs were prepared by dissolving in mobile phases. These methods provide good linearity(r2? 0.999) over the range of 5–100 mg/mL for methylphenidate hydrochloride and 0.1–100 mg/mL for loxapine succinate. The assay methods were successfully applied to study the deactivation of these drugs.

关键词： Methylphenidate hydrochloride Loxapine succinate Activated carbon Analytical method development FDA drug disposal

The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins

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Engineering Microbiology 2023年第4期3卷 90-104页

作者： Paris I.Brown Adaobi Ojiakor Antonio J.chemello casey c.fowler Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G2E9Canada

AB_(5)-type toxins are a group of secreted protein toxins that are central virulence factors for bacterial pathogens such as Shigella dysenteriae,Vibrio cholerae,Bordetella pertussis,and certain lineages of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella ***_(5) toxins are composed of an active(A)subunit that manipulates host cell biology in complex with a pentameric binding/delivery(B)subunit that mediates the toxin’s entry into host cells and its subsequent intracellular *** speaking,all known AB_(5)-type toxins adopt similar structural architectures and employ similar mechanisms of binding,entering and trafficking within host *** this,there is a remarkable amount of diversity amongst AB_(5)-type toxins;this includes different toxin families with unrelated activities,as well as variation within families that can have profound functional *** this review,we discuss the diversity that exists amongst characterized AB_(5)-type toxins,with an emphasis on the genetic and functional variability within AB_(5) toxin families,how this may have evolved,and its impact on human disease.

关键词： Bacterial pathogenesis Pathogen evolution Ab-type toxins Ab5-type toxins Shiga toxin cholera toxin Heat-labile toxin Pertussis toxin Typhoid toxin ArtAB toxin

Evolution of Siderian juvenile crust to rhyacian high Ba-Sr magmatism in the Mineiro Belt, southern S?o Francisco craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 977-995页

作者： Hugo Moreira Luís Seixas craig Storey Mike fowler Stephanie Lasalle ross Stevenson cristiano Lana School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Burnaby Building Bumaby Road Portsmouth POI 3QL UK Departamento de Geologia Escola de Minas Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto MG 35400-000 Brazil GEOTOP Universite du Quebec a Montreal RO. Box 8888 Station Centre Ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada

Plutonic rocks from the Mineiro Belt, Brazil record a delayed onset of the transition from TTG to sanukitoid-type magmatism（high Ba-Sr）, starting during the Siderian magmatic lull when little juvenile magma was added to the continental crust. rocks mostly belong to the calc-alkaline series, meta-to peraluminous and originally ＂Ⅰ-type＂,meaning that oxidized magmas were formed by partial melting of subducted material. The temporal distribution and apparent secular changes of the magmas are consistent with the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics due to an increase of the subduction angle and opening of the mantle wedge. New isotopic analyses（Sm-Nd whole rock and Lu-Hf in zircon）corroborate the restricted juvenile nature of the Mineiro Belt and confirm the genetic link between the Lagoa Dourada Suite,a rare ca. 2350 Ma high-Al tonalite-trondhjemite magmatic event, and the sanukitoid-type ca. 2130 Ma Alto Maranhao Suite. U-Pb dating of zircon and titanite constrain the crystallisation history of plutonic bodies; coupled with major and trace element analyses of the host rocks, they distinguish evolutionary trends in the Mineiro Belt. Several plutons in the region have ages close to 2130 Ma but are distinguished by the lower concentration of compatible elements in the juvenile high Ba-Sr suite.

关键词： Sao Francisco craton Magmatic lull TTG-Sanukitoid transition Zircon U-Pb-Hf Titanite U-Pb Whole rock Nd isotopes

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编译型指令集模拟

计算机工程与科学 1992年第2期14卷 64-76页

作者： christopher Mills Stanley c. Ahalt Jim fowler 唐跃功

本文介绍一个模拟指令集的高效方法。此方法采用许多语言都具有的宏扩展能力,研究编译型指令集模拟。此外,我们说明了c语言case语句的语义是如何使指令转移得以高效实现的。这个方法还与传统的解释技巧作了比较,证明是具有很大性能优势的。

关键词：编译型指令集模拟

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太古代板块构造的模式

地质科技通报 1984年第2期 90-95页

作者： E.G.Nisbet ,c.M.r.fowler ,杨巍然

太古代地质研究中争论很大的问题之一是有否板块构造作用.Bickle(1978)提出,由太古代变质岩得到的相对冷平衡热梯度,要求太古代时因快速的板块构造作用引起大量的热损耗.但是,相反,因为比较热而薄的、年青的洋壳板块难以俯冲.所以板块... 详细信息

太古代地质研究中争论很大的问题之一是有否板块构造作用.Bickle(1978)提出,由太古代变质岩得到的相对冷平衡热梯度,要求太古代时因快速的板块构造作用引起大量的热损耗.但是,相反,因为比较热而薄的、年青的洋壳板块难以俯冲.所以板块的迅速产生和俯冲受到了限制.已经有人论证太古代洋壳的主要组分很可能是科马提岩,和绿岩带有相似性.这意味着幔源熔岩的喷发温度约1650℃,它要求较流圈顶部温度约1700℃,可与根据Gorgona岛的科马提岩推测的约1350—1400℃的现值进行对比.另一方面,Davies(1979)已有力地论证了晚太古代地幔温度仅比现值高150℃左右.不论哪一种情况(Tast=1700℃或Tast=1500℃),

关键词：太古代洋中脊洋壳粘度驱动力海岭太古宙地质年代大洋型地壳粘滞度流动特性洋脊板块构造大地构造板块俯冲

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包含双侧卵巢的滑动性斜疝

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第2期2卷 52-53页

作者： fowler c.L. 刘凯 Savannah Pediatric Surgery Mercer University School of Medicine Savannah Campus Savannah GA 31404 United States

Although sliding indirect inguinal hernias containing the ipsilateral ovary and fallopian tube are not uncommon in infant girls, sliding hernias containing both ovaries are rare. This report describes a large indirect inguinal hernia in a 1-year-old infant girl that contained the left uterine fundus, left bladder ear, as well as both ovaries and fallopian tubes.

关键词：滑动性斜疝双侧卵巢滑动性腹股沟斜疝巨大腹股沟斜疝输卵管女婴左侧

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电子书：全新阅读体验

英语学习（新锐空间） 2010年第11期 26-31页

作者： Geoffrey A. fowler Marie c．Baca

电子书的普及，为我们带来了全新的阅读体验。你可以在等候就诊时在智能手机上阅读iPad上的电子书，也可以躺在浴缸泡澡时用套着防水保护袋的Kindle享受悠闲的阅读时光，或者将索尼阅读器的字体调到最大，在跑步机上边跑边看。而在通勤... 详细信息

电子书的普及，为我们带来了全新的阅读体验。你可以在等候就诊时在智能手机上阅读iPad上的电子书，也可以躺在浴缸泡澡时用套着防水保护袋的Kindle享受悠闲的阅读时光，或者将索尼阅读器的字体调到最大，在跑步机上边跑边看。而在通勤者看来，电子阅读器已开始赶上黑莓，成为搭乘交通工具时最好的伴侣……

关键词：阅读体验电子书电子阅读器智能手机交通工具跑步机

Spinal cord Stimulation (ScS) for Pain control in a Quadriplegic Patient: A case report

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2016年第1期6卷 25-28页

作者： Arun Angelo Patil Jason Loden Soubrata raikar rita Lee fowler creighton University Medical center Omaha USA Surgery resident Creighton University Medical Center Omaha USA Midwest Anesthesia Pain Management Omaha USA

Background: There are reports of pain relief from spinal cord stimulation (ScS) in patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries. However, the results for pain relief from ScS in patients with complete spinal cord injury are dismal. Patients with complete spinal cord injury therefore are generally not considered suitable candidates for ScS. The authors report a case in which a quadriplegic patient with cervical spinal cord injury got significant pain relief from spinal cord stimulation. Methods: The patient is 41 years old with quadriplegia secondary to c5-6 injury. He has no function below the level of the injury except for a few patchy areas of sensation. Ten years after the injury the patient had hemorrhoidectomy. This resulted in severe pain in the anal pain. The treatment for pain failed conservative treatment. He however did have good response to a trial of spinal cord stimulation through an epidural lead placed at T8-T9 vertebral body level. Permanent implantation of spinal cord stimulator was therefore performed. results: At preoperative evaluation the patient rated his pain as a 7/10. Presently at 2 years’ follow-up the patient rates his pain at 1/10. conclusions: Spinal cord stimulation proved to be a successful means of achieving adequate pain relief in a patient who had complete loss of motor function below the level of the injury. Therefore, although patients with such condition are unlike to benefit from ScS it is worthwhile trying this treatment if no other option is available there.

关键词： Spinal cord Injury chronic Pain Spinal cord Stimulation