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Indications of stratospheric anomalies in the freezing rain and snow disaster in South china,2008

Science china earth sciences 2011年第8期54卷 1248-1256页

作者： CHeN QuanLiang LI Zhan FAN GuangZhou ZHU KeYun zhang wen ZHU HongQin Plateau Atmospheric and environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225 China institute of mountain hazards and environment CAS Chengdu 610041 China

NCeP/NCAR reanalysis data were used to characterize stratospheric temperature and water-vapor anomalies before and after the freezing rain and snow disaster of South china in 2008,and the influence of stratospheric circulation anomalies on the *** temperature and water-vapor anomalies provided good leading indicators of this weather *** period from december 1st 2007 to February 28th 2008 was divided into 18 *** the 6th pentad,temperature decreased significantly at 10 hPa in the near-polar stratospheric region,and the decreasing trend strengthened and extended downward and southward to middle and lower *** the 14th-18th pentads,the temperature decrease reached its maximum and extended to 30°*** coincided with the widespread freezing rain and snow *** the end of January 2008,the temperature decrease ended in the near-polar stratospheric region,but continued in the mid-latitude area of the troposphere as the freezing rain and snow weather *** to the temperature variations,positive anomalies of relative humidity in the stratospheric near-polar region also strengthened and extended downward and southward,coinciding with the freezing rain and snow *** with the significant relationship between the freezing rain and snow disaster and stratospheric circulation anomalies,the stratospheric polar vortex changed its shape in late december,intensifying and spreading downward from the top of the stratosphere and southward to the Asian continent,resulting in a deepening of the east Asian Trough and a strengthening of meridional *** the occurrence of the freezing rain and snow event,temperature and vapor increases in the stratosphere transferred downward to the troposphere,along with a stratospheric flow in the near-polar region southward to lower latitudes.

关键词： freezing rain and snow disasters stratosphere air temperature moisture circulation anomaly

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GIS-Based Spatial Analysis and Modeling for Landslide Hazard Assessment:A Case Study in Upper Minjiang River Basin

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2006年第4期11卷 847-852页

作者： feng wenlan ZHOU Qigang zhang Baolei ZHOU Wancun LI Ainong zhang Haizhen XIAN Wei institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy ofSciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China department of envioronmental engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225 Sichuan China

By analyzing the topographic features of past landslides since 1980s and the main land-cover types （including change information） in landslide-prone area, modeled spatial distribution of landslide hazard in upper Minjiang River Basin was studied based on spatial analysis of GIS in this paper. Results of GIS analysis showed that landslide occurrence in this region closely related to topographic feature. Most areas with high hazard probability were deep-sheared gorge. Most of them in investigation occurred assembly in areas with elevation lower than 3 000 m, due to fragile topographic conditions and intensive human disturbances. Land-cover type, including its change information, was likely an important environmental factor to trigger landslide. destroy of vegetation driven by increase of population and its demands augmented the probability of landslide in steep slope.

关键词： landslide probability spatial modeling upper Minjiang River

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effectiveness analysis of the prediction of regional debris flow susceptibility in post-earthquake and drought site

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 329-339页

作者： CHeN Ning-sheng zhang Yong TIAN Shu-feng deNG Ming-feng WANG Tao LIU Li-hong LIU Mei HU Gui-sheng Key of mountain hazards and Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

debris-flow disasters occurred frequently after the Mw 8.0 wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, china. Based on historical accounts of debris-flow disaster events, it found that debris flow occurrence is closely related to the impact of earthquakes and droughts, because earthquakedrought activities can increase the loose solid materials, which can transform into debris flows under the effect of rainstorms. Based on the analysis of historical earthquake activity(frequency, magnitude and location), drought indexes and the trend of climate change(amount of rainfall), a prediction method was established, and the regional debris flow susceptibility was predicted. Furthermore, in a debris flow-susceptible site, effective warning and monitoring are essential not only from an economicpoint of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. The advantages of the prediction and early monitoring include(1) the acquired results being sent to the central government for policy making;(2) lives and property in mountainous areas can be protected, such as the 570 residents in the Aizi valley, who evacuated successfully before debris flows in 2012;(3) guiding the government to identify the areas of disasters and the preparation for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as predicting disasters in high-risk areas in the period 2012-2017, helping the government to recognize the development trend of disasters;(4) the quantitative prediction of regional debris-flow susceptibility, such as after the wenchuan earthquake, can promote scientific and sustainable development and socioeconomic planning in earthquake-struck areas.

关键词： Regional debris flow Susceptibility Prediction model wenchuan earthquake drought Southwest china

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Variation of soil organic carbon and bulk density during afforestation regulates soil hydraulic properties

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Journal of mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2322-2332页

作者： GU feng CHeN Xue-jiao SU Zheng-an zhang Xin-bao ZHOU Ming-hua Key Laboratory of mountain Surface Processes and ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Sichuan academy of environmental Policy and Planning Chengdu 610093China School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua UniversityChengdu 610039China

Grain to Green program on arable land has been conducted for decades in semi-arid regions of North ***,it remains uncertain how afforestation practices affect soil hydraulic properties(SHP).Two afforestation types,***(SL)and woodland(WL),and the adjacent cropland(CL)were investigated to determine afforestation effects on SHP in this *** and undisturbed soil cores were collected in three experimental *** field capacity(FC),wilting point(WP),and available water capacity(AWC)increased in SL compared to the *** saturated water content,however,decreased significantly in both SL and *** and redundancy analysis identified that bulk density(Bd)and soil organic carbon(SOC)were the main factors regulating SHP across different land *** saturated water contents in afforestation sites were likely driven by the higher Bd,compared to the adjacent ***,WP,and AWC were positively correlated to SOC *** afforestation may not increase the saturated water content of a landscape,our results indicate that it can improve soil water retention and could be an effective practice for soil and water conservation.

关键词： Afforestation Bulk density Field capacity Soil hydraulic properties Soil organic carbon Soil water retention curve

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distribution patterns of landslides triggered by the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,Sichuan,china

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山地科学学报（英文） 2023年第3期20卷 607-623页

作者： zhang Jian-qiang YANG Zong-ji MeNG Qing-kai WANG Jiao HU Kai-heng Ge Yong-gang SU feng-huan ZHAO Bo zhang Bo JIANG Ning HUANG Yu MING Zai-yang zhang Yi-fan LIU Zhen-xing WU Chun-hao ZHOU wen-tao LIANG Xin-yue SUN Yu-qing YANG Lian-bing YAO Hong-kun feng Pei-hua LIU Jia-li institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of chinese academy of sciences Bejing 100049China east china University of Technology Nanchang 330013China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101China Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074China

At 12:52 pm on September 5,2022,an Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County,Sichuan Province,*** on high-resolution aerial photographs and satellite imageries obtained after the earthquake,as well as field investigation,a total of 8685 earthquake-triggered landslides(eQTLs)were *** landslides covered an area of 30.7km^(2),with a source area of 9.4 km^(2).These eQTLs were mainly distributed in areas with a seismic intensity of VIII and *** of the landslides were small and medium in size,and their types included landslide,rockfall,and rock *** landslide distributions were found,eQTLs were distributed along the Xianshuihe fault,landslide area decreased gradually with an increased distance to the fault;eQTLs were distributed along the daduhe River and roads;besides,landslide distribution was associated with ground deformation caused by the ***’characteristics indicated that,a large number of eQTLs were located near the foot of the slope;the full area of eQTLs and their source area followed a power *** study concluded that Luding eQTLs were greater in number and area but relatively smaller in terms of affected *** on geo-hazards post-earthquake and risk assessment were proposed in the earthquake-stricken area to support the rehabilitation and reconstruction.

关键词： 2022 Luding earthquake earthquaketriggered landslide Landslide inventory distribution patterns

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Catastrophic debris Flows on July 10^(th) 2013 along the Min River in Areas Seriously-hit by the wenchuan earthquake

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Journal of mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 186-206页

作者： Ge Yong-gang CUI Peng zhang Jian-qiang ZeNG Chao SU feng-huan Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and earth Surface Processes/chengdu institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for excellence in Tibetan Plateau earth sciences Sichuan engineering Research Center for emergency Mapping & disaster Reduction

Over 240 debris flows occurred in hill-slopes, gullies （ indicated those with single-channel） and watersheds （indicated those with tributaries and channels） on July 10th 2013 in the wenchuan county, and caused 29 casualties and about 633×10^6 USd losses. This work aimed to analyze characteristics, hazards and causes of these events and explore mitigating measures based on field investigation and remote sensing images interpretation. The debris flows contained clay content of 0.1%~3.56%, having densities of 1.72-2.14 t/m^3, velocities of 5.0-m.7 m/s, discharges of 335-2353 m^3/s and sediment yields of 0.10-1.26×10^6 m^3, and also numerously occurred in large watersheds with the area over lo km^2. Large debris flows formed 3 hazard-chains in slopes, gullies, watersheds and rivers, which all evolved in dammed lakes and outburst flood, and 26 dammed lakes and lO newly ones were generated along the rivers of Min and Yuzi. The remarkable spatial difference of loose solid materials accumulation and intense rainfall, with the cumulative of about or more than 150 mm and the hourly of over 16mm, caused debris flows in the sections from Yingxiu to Miansi and Gengda. The damages on buildings, reconstructions, highways,factories and hydro power station originated from the impacting, scouring, burying of debris flows, the submerging of dammed lake and the scouring of outburst flood, and the huge losses came from the ruinous destructions of control engineering works of debris flows as well as the irrational location and low- resistant capabilities of reconstructions. For hazards mitigating of debris flows in long term, the feasible measures for short term, including risk-reassessing of foregone and potential hazard sites, regional alarming system establishing and integrated control in disastrous sites, and middle-long term, including improving reconstruction standard, rationally disposing river channel bed rise and selecting appropriate reconstruction time and plans, were strongly

关键词： debris flows wenchuan earthquake Characteristics damages Causes Preventions

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effects of loose deposits on debris flow processes in the Aizi Valley, southwest china

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 156-172页

作者： LIU Mei zhang Yong TIAN Shu-feng CHeN Ning-sheng MAHFUZR Rahman JAVed Iqba Key Lab of mountain hazards and Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China department of Civil engineering International University of Business Agriculture and TechnologyDhaka 1230Bangladesh department of geology The university ofHaripurHaripur 22620Pakistan

Loose deposits, rainfall and topography are three key factors that triggering debris ***, few studies have investigated the effects of loose deposits on the whole debris flow *** June 28, 2012, a catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Aizi Valley, resulting in 40 *** Aizi Valley is located in the Lower Jinsha River,southwestern Sichuan Province, china. The Aizi Valley debris flow has been selected as a case for addressing loose deposits effects on the whole debris flow process through remote sensing, field investigation and field experiments. Remote sensing interpretation and laboratory experiments were used to obtain the distribution and characteristics of the loose deposits, respectively. A field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanics of slope debris flows, and another field investigation was conducted to obtain the processes of debris flow formation, movement and amplification. The results showed that loose deposits preparation, slope debris flow initiation,gully debris flow confluence and valley debris flow amplification were dominated by the loose *** droughts and earthquake activities may have increased the potential for loose soil sources in the Aizi Valley, which laid the foundation for debris flow formation. Slope debris flow initiated under rainfall, and the increase in the water content as well as the pore water pressure of the loose deposits were the key factors affecting slope failure. The nine gully debris flows converged in the valley, and the peak discharge was amplified 3.3 times due to a blockage and outburst caused by a large boulder. The results may help in predicting and assessing regional debris flows in dry-hot and seismic-prone areas based on loose deposits, especially considering large boulders.

关键词： Aizi Valley Loose deposits debris flow process Slope debris flow Boulder blockage discharge amplification

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effects of seasonal water-level fluctuation on soil pore structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir,china

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Journal of mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2192-2206页

作者： zhang Shu-juan TANG Qiang BAO Yu-hai He Xiu-bin TIAN feng-xia LüFa-you WANG Ming-feng Raheel ANJUM Key Laboratory of mountain Surface Process and ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Sustainable Agriculture sciences department Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200Pakistan

Inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has created a 30-m water-level fluctuation zone with seasonal hydrological alternations of submergence and exposure, which may greatly affect soil properties and bank stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil pore structure to seasonal water-level fluctuation in the reservoir, and particularly, the hydrological change of wetting and drying cycles. Soil pore structure was visualized with industrial X-ray computed tomography and digital image analysis techniques. The results showed that soil total porosity(? 100 ?m), total pore number, total throat number, and mean throat surface area increased significantly under wetting and drying cycles. Soil porosity, pore number and throat numberwithin each size class increased in the course of wetting and drying cycles. The coordination number, degree of anisotropy and fractal dimension were indicating an increase. In contrast, the mean shape factor, pore-throat ratio, and euler-Poincaré number decreased due to wetting and drying cycles. These illustrated that the wetting and drying cycles made soil pore structure become more porous, continuous, heterogeneous and complex. It can thus be deduced that the water-level fluctuation would modify soil porosity, pore size distribution, and pore morphology in the Three Gorges Reservoir, which may have profound implications for soil processes, soil functions, and bank stability.

关键词： Soil pore structure X-ray computed tomography Image analysis Wetting and drying cycles Water-level fluctuation Three Gorges

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Characteristics and triggering mechanism of Xinmo landslide on 24 June 2017 in Sichuan, china

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Journal of mountain Science 2017年第9期14卷 1689-1700页

作者： SU Li-jun HU Kai-heng zhang Wei-feng WANG Jiao LeI Yu zhang Chong-lei CUI Peng Alessandro PASUTO ZHeNG Quan-hong Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China CAS Center for excellence in Tibetan Plateau earth sciences Beijing 100101 China University of chinese academy of sciences Bering 100049 China Sino-Italian Laboratory on Geological and Hydrological hazards Chengdu 610041 China National Research Council of Italy-Research institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection Padova Italy Sichuan Bureau of Surveging Mapping and C-eoinformation Chengdu 610041 China

At 5: 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui mountain at Xinmo village, diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan province, china. The debris blocked the Songpinggou River for about 2 km, resulting in a heavy loss of both human lives and properties(10 deaths, 3 injuries, 73 missing, and 103 houses completely destroyed). The objectives of this paper are to understand the overall process and triggering factors of this landslide and to explore the affecting factors for its long term evolution before failure. Post event surveys were carried out the day after the landslide occurrence. Information was gathered from literature and on-site investigation and measurement. Topography, landforms, lithology, geological setting, earthquake history, meteorological and hydrological data of the area were analysed. Aerial photographs and other remote sensing information were used for evaluation and discussion. eye witnesses also provided a lot of helpful information for us to understand the process of initiation, development and deposition. The depositional characteristics of the moving material as well as the traces of the movement,the structural features of the main scarp and the seismic waves induced by the slide are presented and discussed in detail in this paper. The results show that the mechanism of the landslide is a sudden rupture of the main block caused by the instability of a secondary block at a higher position. After the initiation, the failed rock mass at higher position overloaded the main block at the lower elevation and collapsed in tandem. Fragmentation of the rock mass occurred later, thus forming a debris avalanche with high mobility. This landslide case indicates that such seismic events could influence geological hazards for over 80 years and this study provides reference to the long term susceptibility and risk assessment of secondary geological hazards from earthquake.

关键词： High-position landslide Xinmo landslide Landslide mechanism earthquake effects Rock fall debris avalanche

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Geomorphic and tectonic controls of landslides induced by the 2022 Luding earthquake

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Journal of mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3323-3345页

作者： ZHAO Bo HU Kai-heng YANG Zong-ji LIU Qiao ZOU Qiang CHeN Hua-yong zhang Bo zhang Wei-feng ZHU Lei SU Li-jun institute of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China china-Pakistan Joint Research Center on earth sciences Islamabad45320Pakistan University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing100049China

On 05 September 2022,an Ms 6.8(Mw 6.6)earthquake occurred in Luding County,Sichuan Province,china,with the epicenter at 29.59°N,102.08°e and a focal depth of approximately *** field investigations,high-resolution satellite images and multiple datatpes characterizing the seismogenic structure,topography and geology,this study attempts to discuss the influence of geomorphic and tectonic indexes on landslide *** results show that the 2022 Luding earthquake with seismogenic fault at the Moxi fault,was a sinistral strike-slip event that triggered at least 4528landslides over an area of~2000 *** landslides span a total area of 28.1 km^(2),and the western section of the seismogenic fault,which serves as the active wall area,is characterized by a higher landslide concentration,especially in the Wandong *** seismogenic fault and lithology influence the regional distribution of landslides,and more landslides occurred closer to the seismogenic fault and in the controlling lithologies of granite and *** topography influences the landslide occurrence position on the slope;the eastern section is prone to form landslides in the lower gorge section,and the western section is prone to form landslides in the upper-top section of the *** coseismic landslides in the eastern Baryan Har block,the eastern boundary(Longmenshan fault),where the earthquakes are characterized by thrusts with slight dextral strike-slip movement,could be the primary landslide-prone area;the southern boundary,the Moxi fault and the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault,with more intensive strikeslip movement,may be the secondary landsideprone area;and the northern boundary is the tertiary landside-prone ***,the current landslide inventory may be underestimated although this underestimation has limited influence on the results.

关键词： Landslides Luding earthquake Spatial distribution Geomorphic index Tectonic index

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