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The Major Ore Clusters of Super-Large Iron Deposits in the World, Present Situation of Iron Resources in China, and Prospect

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1895-1915页

作者： ZHAO Yiming feng chengyou LI Daxin Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits（BIF） is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces（belts）, such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF）, magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF） as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great oresearching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the

关键词： major ore clusters of super-large iron deposits present situation of iron ore resources in China genetic type temporal-spatial distribution ore-searching potential

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China's First Independent Cobalt Deposit and its Metallogenic Mechanism:Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Geochemistry

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1403-1418页

作者： feng chengyou QI feng ZHANG Dequan LI Daxin SHE Hongquan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 1008 71 China Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment Ministry of Land and Resources＂ Institute of Mineral Resources CA GS Beijing 100037 China

The Tuolugou cobalt deposit is the first independent large-scale Co- and Au-bearing deposit discovered in northwestern China. It is located in the eastern Kunlun orogenic belt in Qinghai Province, and occurs conformably in low-grade metamorphic volcano-sedimentary rock series with well-developed Na-rich hydrothermal sedimentary rocks and typical hydrothermal sedimentary ore fabrics. Fluid inclusions and isotopic geochemistry studies suggest that cobalt mineralizing fluid is dominated by NaCI-H20 system, accompanied by NaCI-CO2-H20-N2 system responsible for gold mineralization. Massive, banded and disseminated pyrite ores have similar compositions of He and Ar isotopes from the mineralizing fluid, with 3He/4He range between 0.10 to 0.31Ra （averaging 0.21Ra）, and 4~Ar/36Ar between 302 and 569 （averaging 373）, which reflects that Co mineralizing fluids derived dominantly from meteoric water deeply circulating. ~34S values of pyrite approaches to zero （~34S ranging from -4.5%o to ＋1.5%o, centering around -1.8%o to -0.2%o）, reflecting its deep source. Ore lead is characterized by distinctly high radiogenesis, with 2~6pb/2~4pb〉19.279, 2~7pb/2~4pb〉15.691 and 2~spb/2~4pb〉39.627, and its values show an increase trend from country rocks, regional Paleozoic volcanic rocks to ores. This may have suggested that high radiogentic ore Pb derived mainly from country rocks by leaching meteoric water-dominated hydrothermal fluid during its circulation at depth. Cobalt occurs mainly in sulfide phase （such as pyrite）, but cobalt enrichment, and presence and increasing contents of Co-bearing minerals have a positive correlation with metamorphic degree. The Tuolugou deposit and other typical strata-bound Co-Cu-Au deposits have striking similarities in the geological features and metallogenic pattern of primary cobalt. All of them are syngenetic hydrothermal exhalative sedimentation in origin.

关键词： cobalt deposit fluid inclusion isotopic geochemistry SEDEX metallogenic mechanism Tuolugou in Qinghai Province eastern Knnlun orogenic belt

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Chronology of the Tungsten Deposits in Southern Jiangxi Province, and Episodes and Zonation of the Regional W-Sn Mineralization-Evidence from High-precision Zircon U-Pb, Molybdenite Re-Os and Muscovite Ar-Ar Ages

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第3期86卷 555-567页

作者： feng chengyou ZHANG Dequan ZENG Zailind WANG Song Key Labaratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment Ministry of Land and Resources Institute of Mineral Resources CAGS Beijing 100037 China South Jiangxi Geological Survey Party of JBEDGMR Ganzhou 341000 China China Coal Geology Engineering Corporation Beijing 100073 China

Previous studies have obtained some petrogenetic and metallogenic chronological data with SHRIMP （sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe） zircon U-Pb, zircon LA-ICPMS （laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy） U-Pb, molybdenite Re-Os isochron and muscovite Ar-Ar methods in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas. Based on these, the purpose of this paper is to study the petrogenetic and metallogenic ages and their time gap for different genetic types of W-Sn deposits, and thus to research their numerous episodes, zonal arrangement and their geodynamic background. The result shows that the large-scale W-Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province occurred in the middle to late Jurassic （170-150 Ma）, the skarn W-Sn-polymetallic deposits formed much earlier （170-161 Ma）, and all of the wolframite-quartz vein type, greisen type, altered granite type and fractured zone type tungsten deposits formed in the late Jurassic （160-150 Ma）. In one ore field or ore district, greisen type tungsten deposits formed earlier than quartz vein type ones hosted in the endoor exo-contact zone; and quartz vein type hosted in the endocontact zone formed earlier than that of exocontact zone. There is no significant time difference between tungstentin mineralization and its intimately associated parent granite emplacement （1-6 Ma）. They all formed in the same rock-forming and ore-forming system and under the same geodynamic setting. Regionally, rock-forming and ore-forming processes of the W-Sn deposits in the Nanling region （include southern Jiangxi Province, southern Hunan Province, northern Guangdong Province and eastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region） exhibit numerous episodes. The mineralization in the Nanling region mainly occurred at （240-210） Ma, （170-150） Ma and （130-90） Ma. The tungsten-tin deposits in this region are centered by the largest scale in southern Jiangxi Province and southern Hunan Province, and become small in the east, west, south an

关键词： isotopic chronology mutiple episodes of mineralization geodynamics W-Sn deposit Southern Jiangxi Nanling

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Mineralization Styles and Genesis of the Yinkeng Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Mn Polymetallic Orefield, Southern Jiangxi Province, SE China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusions, Isotopes and Chronology

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第3期88卷 825-844页

作者： feng chengyou LI Daxin ZENG Zailin ZHANG Dequan SHE Hongquan Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment Ministry of Land and Resources Institute of Mineral Resources CAGS South Jiangxi Geological Survey Party of JBGMR

The Yinkeng orefield in Yudu County,Jiangxi Province,SE China,is a zone of concentrated Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Mn polymetallic *** on summing up basic geology and ore geology of the orefieid,the polymetallic deposits in the orefield have been divided into seven major substyles according to their occurring positions and control *** ore-forming fluid inclusion styles in the orefield include those of two-phase fluid,liquid CO2-bearing three-phase and daughter mineral-bearing *** homogenization temperatures range from 382° to 122℃,falling into five clusters of 370° to 390°,300° to 360°,230° to 300°,210° to 290° and 120° to 200°,and the clusters of 300° to 360°,230° to 300° and 120° to 200° are three major mineralization stages,with fluid salinity peaks from 4.14% to 7.31%,2.07% to 7.31% and 0.53% to 3.90%,*** ore-forming fluids are mainly type of NaCl-H2O with medium to high density （0.74-1.02 g/cm3）,or CO2-bearing NaCl-H2O with medium to low density （0.18-0.79 g/cm3）.The fluid salinity and density both show a decline tendency with decreasing *** to the measurement and calculation of Hand O-isotopic compositions in the quartz of the quartz-sulfide veins,δDV-SMOW of the ore-forming fluid is from-84‰ to-54‰,and δ18OV-SMOW of that is from 6.75‰ to 9.21‰,indicating a magmatic *** δ34SV-CDT of sulfides in the ores fall into two groups,one is from-4.4‰ to 2.2‰ with average of-1.42‰,and the other from 18.8‰ to 21.6‰ with average of 19.8‰.The S-isotopic data shows one peak at-4.4‰ to 2.2‰ （meaning-1.42‰） suggesting a simple magmatic sulfur *** ore Pbisotopic ratios are 206pb/204pb from 17.817 to 17.983,207pb/204pb from 15.470 to 15.620 and 208pb/204pb from 38.072 to 38.481,indicating characteristics of mantle-derived *** data show that the major ore deposits in the orefield have a magmatic-hydrothermal genesis and that the SHRIMP zircon age of the granodiorite porphyry,closely related to the mineralization,is 1

关键词： Ore geology geochemistry fluid inclusion SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating ore genesis,Carboniferous Jiangxi Province

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Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第4期82卷 826-837页

作者： feng chengyou ZHANG Dequan LI Daxin SHE Hongquan DONG Yingjun Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.

关键词： Meixian-type deposit sulfur and lead isotopes mineralogetic epoch metallizing genesis,Central Fujian Rift

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Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopical ages of magnetite-chlorite formation gold deposit in the volcanic rock area of Late Paleozoic Era,East Tianshan

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第19期44卷 1801-1804页

作者： Jinsheng Ji Huaqin Li Lianchang Zhang Xingke Yang chengyou feng Xian Engn Univ Xian 710054 Peoples R China Yichang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Yichang 443003 Peoples R China

Through studying geo-geochemical characteristics and determining Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopical ages in the Kanggur magnetite-chlorite formation gold deposit, some conclusions can be achieved: Sm-Nd isochron age is (290.4 ±7)Ma, Rb-Sr isochron age is (282.3 ±5)Ma, mineralization is Late Hercynian and the formation of this gold deposit is related to the macro-

关键词： gold deposit Sm-Nd isotope Rb-Sr isotope Kanggurtage.

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Geology and Geochemistry of the Yangtizishan-Moshishan Metamorphosed Sedimentary Anatase Deposit in Zhenglan Qi,Inner Mongolia:Discovery of a New Genetic Type of Titanium Deposit

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1419-1433页

作者： ZHAO Yiming LI Daxin WU Liangshi CHEN Wenming feng chengyou WANG Peihua GAO Xuedong Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beij＇ing 100037 China

Anatase and its allomorphic mineral rutile have the most prominent economic significance among titanium mineral resources and constitute one of the badly needed mineral resources currently in China. The Yantizishan-Moshishan anatase deposit was formerly referred to as an iron deposit. Based on recent investigation and exploration the authors believe that it is actually a large metamorphosed sedimentary anatase-dominated deposit belonging to a new genetic type. Ore bodies occur in stratoid and lenticular forms in Mesoproterozoic （1751 Ma） schist, metasandstone （metasiltstone）, and amphibolite. Rich ores have perthitic structure comprising chiefly interbedded quartz perthite （with disseminated anatase and rutile） and anatase perthite. Ore minerals are mainly anatase and subordinately rutile and ilmenite （±hematite）, while nonmetallic minerals are chiefly quartz with a certain amount of anthophyllite and biotite （±garnet）. The grain sizes of anatase, ruffle and ilmenite are 0.01-0.1 mm. Rich ores contain 3.14% to 15.46% TiO2. averaging 6.91%, while the low-grade ores have TiO2 content about 1.2%to 2.97%, averaging 1.76%. The ores have relatively high TFe and V contents. Trace elements in anatase and rutile such as Nb and Cr were analyzed by the electron microprobe. According to their relatively low Nb and Cr contents, source anatase and rutile must have come from meta-mafic rocks. Trace elements of the associated ilmenite show relatively high MnO and low MgO contents, just in contrast to those of ilmenite in V-Ti-magnetite ores of magmatic origin. The protoliths of amphibolite wall rocks should be basalt and picrite-basalt. Pertochemical data suggest that the tectonic setting of these rocks belongs to an island arc or a transitional belt between the island arc and oceanic ridge. Silicon isotope study shows that δ30Si values of different anatase ores, quartzite, and schist in this deposit are 0.1‰ to -0.9‰, similar to those of marine hydrothermal exhalative sedimentary

关键词： geology geochemistry anatase deposit new type Yangtizishan-Moshishan Inner Mongolia

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赣南隆坪萤石矿床成矿流体特征及成矿模式

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地质学报 2022年第11期96卷 3886-3900页

作者：杨世文丰成友楼法生许德如东华理工大学地球科学学院江西南昌330013 核资源与环境国家重点实验室(东华理工大学) 江西南昌330013 江西省地质调查勘查院江西南昌330046 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所河北廊坊065000

赣南兴国县隆坪大型萤石矿床位于大余-南城深大断裂西侧兴国-宁都萤石成矿带内,呈板状、似层状、脉状产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。本文划分了兴国县隆坪萤石矿床的成矿阶段,通过流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼... 详细信息

赣南兴国县隆坪大型萤石矿床位于大余-南城深大断裂西侧兴国-宁都萤石成矿带内,呈板状、似层状、脉状产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。本文划分了兴国县隆坪萤石矿床的成矿阶段,通过流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析和H-O同位素研究,讨论了该矿床成矿流体性质、来源、演化与成矿模式。根据矿物穿插关系和矿相学特征,将隆坪萤石矿床划分为3个成矿阶段,即成矿早阶段(萤石-石英阶段)、成矿主阶段(石英-萤石阶段)和成矿晚阶段(萤石-方解石阶段)。流体包裹体类型主要为富液相两相包裹体,均一温度变化范围在111~374℃之间,盐度变化于0.53%~3.55%NaCleq之间,密度变化于0.58~1.02 g/cm^(3)之间。包裹体成分以H_(2)O为主。总体而言,成矿流体属于中低温、中低盐度、中低密度的NaCl-H_(2)O体系,但成矿早阶段存在高温、相对高盐度的流体端元(温度大于300℃,盐度为2.0%~2.7%NaCleq),推断永丰复式岩体晚阶段岩浆热液参与早阶段萤石成矿作用,提供F的来源和热源。隆坪萤石矿床流体包裹体中的δD_(V-SMOW)和δ^(18)O_(V-SMOW)值均较低,分别为-66.8‰~-53.1‰(平均值为-59.5‰)和-5.9‰~-3.3‰(平均值为-4.6‰),成矿流体主要来源于大气降水和地热水。成矿早阶段萤石沉淀机制主要为岩浆热液和大气降水混合与水-岩反应,而流体冷却作用是成矿主阶段和晚阶段萤石沉淀的主要机制。隆坪萤石矿床属断裂控矿、中低温热液裂隙充填型萤石矿床。

关键词：赣南隆坪萤石矿床流体包裹体 H-O同位素成矿模型

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Ages, Sources and Tectonic Settings of the Triassic Igneous Rocks in the Easternmost Segment of the East Kunlun Orogen, Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第2期90卷 641-668页

作者： REN Haidong WANG Tao ZHANG Lei WANG Xiaoxia HUANG He feng chengyou TESCHNER Claudia SONG Peng Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig–Maximilian Universit?t München

U–Pb analysis of zircons from igneous rocks in the Elashan Mountain, easternmost segment of the East Kunlun Orogen yielded 252–232 Ma. Geochemically, these rocks are mainly high in SiO_2, K_2O and K_2O＋Na_2O contents, low in P_2O_5 and TiO_2 contents, depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and enriched in U, Hf, Zr, showing features of I–type granite. The zircon εHf（t） values of the Early Triassic Jiamuge＇er rhyolite porphyry（252±3 Ma） are positive（＋1.6 to ＋12.1）, suggesting a juvenile crustal source mixing with little old crustal component, and the zircon εHf（t） values of the Middle Triassic Manzhang＇gang granodiorite（244±3 Ma） and Dehailong diorite（237±3 Ma） are predominately negative（-8.4 to ＋1.0）, indicating an older crustal source. In comparison, the zircon εHf（t） values of the Late Triassic syenogranites from Suigen＇ergang（234±2Ma）, Ge＇ermugang（233±2 Ma） and Yue＇ergen（232±3 Ma） plutons vary from-3.8 to ＋5.0, suggesting a crust-mantle mixing source. From Early–Middle Triassic（252–237 Ma） to Late Triassic（234–232 Ma）, the geochemical characteristics of these rocks show the change from a subduction–collision setting to a post-collision or within-plate setting. By comparing of these new age data with 77 zircon U–Pb ages of igneous rocks of the eastern part of East Kunlun orogen from published literatures, we conclude that the igneous rocks of Elashan Mountain and these of the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen belong to one magmatic belt. All these data indicate that the Triassic magmatic events of the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen can be divided into three stages： 252–238 Ma, 238–226 Ma and 226–212 Ma. Statistically, the average εHf（t） values of the threestage igneous rocks show a tendency, from the old to young, from-0.75±0.25 to lower-2.65±0.52 and then to-1.22±0.25, respectively, which reveal the change of their sources. These characteristics can be explained as a crust-mantle mixing source generated in a subductional stage, mainly crust source in a syn–collisional st

关键词： granitoids zircon U–Pb dating magmatic evolution isotopes Triassic the East Kunlun orogen

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Isotopic Chronological Study of the Huangsha-Tieshanlong Quartz Vein-Type Tungsten Deposit and Timescale of Molybdenum Mineralization in Southern Jiangxi Province,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1434-1447页

作者： HUANG Fan feng chengyou CHEN Yuchuan YING Lijuan CHEN Zhenghui1 ZENG Zailin QU Wenjun Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Geological Survey Team of South Jiangxi Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China National Research Center ofGeoanalysis Beijing 100037 China

The Huangsha-Tieshanlong quartz-vein tungsten polymetallic ore deposit, located in the northern Pangushan-Tieshanlong tungsten ore field in eastern Ganxian-Yudu prospecting areas of the Yushan metallogenic belt, is a well-known tungsten deposit in southern Jiangxi province, China. SHRIMP-determined dating of zircons from the Tieshanlong granite yields ages of 168.1±2.1 Ma （n=11, MSWD-1.3）. Rhenium and osmium isotopic dating of molybdenite from the Huangsha quartz-vein tungsten deposit determined by ICP-MS yields a weighted average ages of 153-3 Ma and model ages of 150.22.1 Ma - 155.4-2.3 Ma. The age of the Huangsha tungsten deposit is 10 to 15 Ma later than the Tieshanlong granite, which shows that there might have been another early Late Jurassic magmatic activity between 150 and 160 Ma, a process which is closely related with tungsten mineralization in this area. The Tieshanlong granite, the Hnangsha tungsten deposit and the Pangushan-Tieshanlong ore field were all formed around 150-170 Ma, belonging to products of a Mesozoic second large-scale mineralization. According to the collected molybdenite Re-Os dating results in southern Jiangxi province, the timescale of the associated molybdenum mineralization is 2-6 Ma in the tungsten deposit and the timescale of independent molybdenum mineralization is 1-4 Ma, implying the complexity of tungsten mineralization. Times of molybdenum mineralization are mainly concentrated in the Yanshanian, which includes three stages of 133-135 Ma, 150-162 Ma, and 166-170 Ma, respectively. The 150-162 Ma-stage is in accordance with ages of large-scale WoSn mineralization, which is mainly molybdenum mineralization characterized by associated molybdenum mineralization with development of an even greater-intensity independent molybdenum mineralization. Independent molybdenum mineralization occurred before and after large-scale W-Sn mineralization, which indicates that favorable prospecting period for molybdenum may be in Cretaceous and e

关键词： SHRIMP zircon U-Pb molybdenite Re-Os ages timescale granite quartz vein-type tungsten deposit Huangsha Tieshanlong Jiangxi

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