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现代国家转型中毛泽东对党和民族关系的阐释与调适

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中国井冈山干部学院学报 2024年第1期17卷 34-41页

作者：祝彦宋锋李雨西中共中央党校〈国家行政学院〉中共党史教研部北京100091

近代中国民族民主革命的一个重要历史课题是向现代民族国家转型。受历史惯性和教条主义的影响,中国共产党对民族问题的认识经历了较长期的曲折历程,直到全面抗战时期才由毛泽东初步完成了现代“中华民族”概念的构建。在正确认识民族问... 详细信息

近代中国民族民主革命的一个重要历史课题是向现代民族国家转型。受历史惯性和教条主义的影响,中国共产党对民族问题的认识经历了较长期的曲折历程,直到全面抗战时期才由毛泽东初步完成了现代“中华民族”概念的构建。在正确认识民族问题的基础上,毛泽东领导中国共产党确立了民族先锋队的性质,完成了党的政治身份的重大转变。为承担起民族先锋队任务,解决马克思主义政党与中国传统社会相融入的问题,毛泽东进一步提出党的“民族化”转型,着力建设一个具有中国风格、中国气派的先进政党。全面抗战时期通过现代“中华民族”概念的构建、党的民族先锋队性质的确立和“民族化”转型,毛泽东完成了对党和中华民族关系的阐释与调适,为中国的现代民族国家转型起到了重要作用。

关键词：毛泽东思想中国共产党中华民族

Origin of the spatial consistency of summer precipitation variability between the Mongolian Plateau and the mid-latitude East Asian summer monsoon region

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第8期63卷 1199-1208页

作者： Jie CHEN Wei HUANG Qiong ZHANG song feng Key Laboratory of Western China s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of Geosciences University of ArkansasFayetteville 72701USA

The Mongolian Plateau(MP) is located in the eastern part of arid Central Asia(ACA). Climatically, much of the MP is dominated by the westerly circulation and has an arid and semi-arid climate;however, the eastern part of the MP is also influenced by the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and has a humid and semi-humid climate. Several studies have shown that precipitation variability in the MP differs from that in western ACA but is consistent with that in the EASM region. Here we use monthly precipitation data for 1979–2016 to characterize and determine the origin of the summer precipitation variability of the MP and the EASM region. The results show that the MP and the mid-latitude EASM region exhibit a consistent pattern of precipitation variability on interannual and decadal timescales;specifically, the consistent regions are the MP and North and Northeast China. We further investigated the physical mechanisms responsible for the consistent interdecadal precipitation variability between the MP and the mid-latitude EASM region, and found that the mid-latitude wave train over Eurasia, with positive(negative) geopotential height anomalies over the North Atlantic and ACA and negative(positive) geopotential height anomalies over Europe and the MP, is the key factor responsible for the consistency of precipitation variability in the MP and the mid-latitude EASM region. The positive anomalies over the North Atlantic and ACA and negative anomalies over Europe and the MP would enhance the transport of westerly and monsoon moisture to the MP and North and Northeast China. They could also strengthen the Northeast Asian low, enhance the EASM, and trigger the anomalous ascending motion over the MP which promotes precipitation in the MP and in the mid-latitude EASM region. Overall, our results help explain the spatial variations of paleo-precipitation/humidity reconstructions in East Asia and clarify the reasons for the consistency of the regional climate.

关键词： Mongolian Plateau Mid-latitude EASM region Summer precipitation Decadal Consistent variability

微塑料PVC与磺胺甲恶唑联合暴露大型溞引发的急慢性毒理效应

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水生生物学报 2024年第3期48卷 413-425页

作者：修文洁闫淼顾冀海柳峰松张玉明河北大学生命科学学院保定071002 河北省动物系统学与应用重点实验室保定071002

为研究微塑料和抗生素的联合毒性效应与机制,文章以大型溞(Daphnia magna)为受试生物,以聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride,PVC)和磺胺甲恶唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)为代表性污染物,开展污染物吸附互作和联合暴露实验(包括48h急性和21d慢性... 详细信息

为研究微塑料和抗生素的联合毒性效应与机制,文章以大型溞(Daphnia magna)为受试生物,以聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride,PVC)和磺胺甲恶唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)为代表性污染物,开展污染物吸附互作和联合暴露实验(包括48h急性和21d慢性毒性实验),关注污染物暴露对大型溞的生长生殖、氧化应激、肠道损伤和行为运动指标变化。结果显示,PVC对SMZ具有物理吸附作用;在48h急性毒理实验中,PVC(1 mg/L)的存在减少了大型溞体内SMZ的含量,从而降低了SMZ的致死率;在21d慢性毒理实验中,SMZ单独或者与PVC(1 mg/L)联合暴露对大型溞致死率、蜕皮数和体长无明显影响,但均会引发大型溞氧化应激和肠道损伤,降低其运动能力,并且PVC会加剧SMZ诱发的上述毒性效应。研究发现,与短期暴露(48h)相比,慢性毒性实验(21d)更能真实反馈PVC和SMZ的联合毒性;两类污染物在水环境中长期共存时,微塑料对抗生素的毒性增强作用需引起重视。研究可为微塑料-抗生素共存时的环境健康风险评估提供数据参考。

关键词：磺胺甲恶唑微塑料大型溞肠道损伤运动行为

Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding of Similar and Dissimilar Alloys:A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第1期33卷 30-42页

作者： Xiao-song feng song-Bin Li Li-Na Tang Hui-Min Wang Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co. LtdShanghai 200245China National Center for Materials Service Safety University of Science and TechnologyBeijingBeijing 100083China

Refi ll friction stir spot welding,also known as friction spot welding(FSpW),is a solid-state welding process suitable for spot joining of lightweight *** the eff orts of improving joint quality for similar and dissimilar materials,for example,aluminum and magnesium,this joining technology is well *** joining mechanism and process characteristics of FSpW have been widely ***,the application of FSpW in industry has not been entirely *** this review article,the research of similar and dissimilar material joints,such as,Al/Cu,Al/Ti,Al/Mg and Al/Steel,is *** microstructural features and mechanical properties of the joints,welding tool and the application development are discussed in detail.

关键词： Refill friction stir spot welding Dissimilar joints Microstructure Mechanical properties Welding parameters

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深化放心消费创建优化消费环境的实践与思考

中国市场监管研究 2024年第1期 69-73页

作者：张道前宋锋田华山东省市场监管局山东省标准化研究院

放心消费创建是优化消费环境、促进扩大消费的重要举措。本文坚持系统思维,从十个方面全面总结了近几年山东省各市开展放心消费创建的工作经验,重点剖析了淄博市2023年以来开展放心消费创建的实践做法,对进一步深化放心消费创建、优化... 详细信息

放心消费创建是优化消费环境、促进扩大消费的重要举措。本文坚持系统思维,从十个方面全面总结了近几年山东省各市开展放心消费创建的工作经验,重点剖析了淄博市2023年以来开展放心消费创建的实践做法,对进一步深化放心消费创建、优化消费环境进行了深入思考,并提出解决问题的合理化建议。

关键词：放心消费消费环境示范创建

SORPTION AND DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CADMIUM BY FOUR DIFFERENT SOILS IN NORTHEAST CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第4期15卷 343-347页

作者： ZHANG Lei song feng-bin Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130012 P. R. China The Geograte School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China

Four soils, phaeozem (PM), saline-alkali soil (SA), meadow albic bleached soil (MA) and dark brown forest soil (DB) from Northeast China were used to examine the sorption and desorption characteristics of Cd and pH influence on it. According to sorption experiment without pH control, the order of amount of absorbed Cd by soils was: SA>PM>DB>MA. The results from non-linear fitting method showed that Langmuir and Freundrich models were more adaptable than Temkin model in describing the sorption data. The maximum sorption amounts from Langmuir model were: PM>SA>MA>DB. Exponential equation for PM and SA and quadratic equation for MA and DB were suitable to fit the desorption data. The order of average desorption percentage was: MA>DB>PM>SA. The amounts of sorption by PM, DB and MA reached the maximum in pH 9.0, while sorption by SA was linearly increased in the experimental range of pH 3.3-11.4. In uniform pH, however, Cd sorption by SA was the minimum among four soils, which indicated that the more amounts of Cd absorbed by SA in isotherm sorption were ascribed to the higher soil pH. The higher sorption of Cd in PM resulted from the higher percentage of organic matter and clay components.

关键词： cadmium soil sorption desorption Northeast China

不同结构及新型材料在硅基光电探测器上的应用展望

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航空兵器 2024年第1期31卷 13-22页

作者：李浩杰冯松胡祥建后林军欧阳杰郭少凯西安工程大学西安710000

硅基光电探测器是硅光子集成电路中的核心器件,在导弹制导系统中起着高效探测目标并精确跟踪目标的关键作用。本文综述了国内外关于硅基光电探测器的研究进展和应用前景,并探讨了不同结构和材料对探测器性能的影响。通过回顾相关文献并... 详细信息

硅基光电探测器是硅光子集成电路中的核心器件,在导弹制导系统中起着高效探测目标并精确跟踪目标的关键作用。本文综述了国内外关于硅基光电探测器的研究进展和应用前景,并探讨了不同结构和材料对探测器性能的影响。通过回顾相关文献并分析研究成果,重点关注了PIN结构、肖特基结构、GeSn材料和二维材料在硅基光电探测器中的应用情况。随着研究的深入,硅基光电探测器的响应速度和灵敏度得到了显著提高,并且实现了对从紫外波段到红外波段宽范围内的探测需求,旨在提高硅基光电探测器的响应度、缩短响应时间和降低暗电流的同时,探索新的结构和材料,以进一步拓展硅基光电探测器在红外成像和光通信系统等领域的应用范围。

关键词：硅基硅光子学硅光子器件光电探测器导弹制导红外成像

Bioavailability of crops to environmental hormone Pb in soils and its remediation

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2008年第1期27卷 41-45页

作者： KUANG Shaoping song feng Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China

Lead (Pb), as an environmental hormone, acts as an estrogen in animal and human bodies, and its envi- ronmental pollution can result in many procreant anomalies, such as maladjustment of incretion, weakening of pro- creation function and descending of genital immunity. Experiments on pot-growth of paddies and corns in this study indicated that these crops did not show any macro-toxic symptoms in the observed contents of Pb added (0–4000 mg/kg) in soils. However, lead in soils can be easily absorbed by crops and accumulated in the different parts of plants. Statistical analysis showed that Pb contents in the crops are strongly positively correlated to the Pb contents in soils. In the crops, the Pb contents of roots are highest, tens to thousands of times those of straws and seeds. It is suggested that the root is a barrier of Pb absorbed by straws and seeds. Based on this fact, Pb pollution in soils can be gradually reduced by planting crops and subsequently removing the roots from the soil. This biotechnology may be used in environmental remediation, which embraces the quality of sustainable agricultural economy and a healthy environment.

关键词：生物利用度环境系统铅化合物

Definition of the core zone of the “westerlies-dominated climatic regime”, and its controlling factors during the instrumental period

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第4期58卷 676-684页

作者： HUANG Wei CHEN JianHui ZHANG XiaoJian feng song CHEN FaHu MOE Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System Lanzhou University Department of Geosciences University of Arkansas

The term "westerlies-dominated climatic regime" describes the pattern of precipitation/moisture variations between westerliesdominated arid Central Asia(ACA) and mid-latitude monsoon-dominated Asia on decadal to multi-millennial time scales. However, no attempts have been made to define its core region and the possible physical mechanisms responsible during the period of instrumental observations. The present study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of summer and winter precipitation on interannual to decadal time scales over mid-latitudes of the Eurasian continent using Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis. Our results suggest the existence of an opposing pattern of summer precipitation variations between ACA and mid-latitude monsoon-dominated Asia and Mediterranean on decadal time scales. Based on these results, the core region influenced by the westerlies is outlined, including arid central Asia and Xinjiang in China(36°–54°N, 50°–90°E). By using monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, the relationship between the "westerlies-dominated climatic regime" and atmospheric circulation were also analyzed. The combination of the zonal climatic teleconnection pattern and anomalous Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation(ISMP) causes the precipitation characteristics of the "westerlies-dominated climatic regime" precipitation pattern. In addition, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO) may also have an important effect on the "westerlies-dominated climatic regime".

关键词： core zone of the "westerlies-dominated climatic regime" decadal.interannual Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO) Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation (ISMP)

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