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Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumb. Wahome John b. K. Kiema Galcano C. Mulaku Isaac Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Pub.ic Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contrib.tes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed sub.istence with any surplus b.ing sold to b.ing in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliab.e source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers b.t they are not ab.e to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usab.e. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information b. farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific ob.ectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made availab.e to them b. County and Sub.County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notab.y, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information b.ing mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was availab.e (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum b.nefits.

关键词： Small Scale Farmers Farmers Crop Production Information Services Geospatial Information Information Access

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Air purifier or fresh air system?A comparison of energy consumption and cost in urb.n China residential b.ildings

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2637-2647页

作者： GUO Yong SUN ZhiWei WESCHLER Louise b.ZHANG YinPing Department of b.ilding Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China b.ijing Key Lab.ratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Beijing 100084China Independent Researcher Colts Neck 07722NJUSA

Chinese urb.n residential b.ildings face serious indoor air quality *** purification systems(e.g.,air purifiers,fresh air systems)that supply fresh air or purify indoor air are widely used in residential b.ildings to improve indoor air *** the challenges of energy conservation and emission reduction,it is urgent to guide residents on choosing appropriate air purification *** key prob.em is how to identify the b.st air purification system with the lowest energy consumption or operating *** of air purification systems have rarely b.en conducted on the premise that they should deliver air such that the main indoor pollutant concentrations all meet air quality *** ignored in comparisons are the increased filtration resistance caused b. dust accumulation on the filter and the cost of filter *** this study,we propose a method to compare residential air purification systems b.sed on energy consumption and total cost,and we provide methods to select air purification systems in China's different climatic *** used a standard two-person b.droom as the example,and determined the most suitab.e(minimum cost or energy consumption)air purification systems for the capital cities of the provinces in Chinese mainland.

关键词： IAQ fresh air system air purifier energy consumption cost

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Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： Charles H.Nelson Udai b.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cereb.llar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-b.nding *** the largest memb.r of the survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in the b.ogenesis of small nuclear rib.nucleoproteins while also exhib.ting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding b.th the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerab.e progress has b.en made in the b.ief time since its *** this review,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique memb.r of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cereb.llar atrophy GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

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Astrophysical S-factor and reaction rate for 15N(p,γ)16O within the modified potential cluster model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 130-145页

作者： S.b.Dub.vichenko A.S.Tkachenko R.Ya.Kezerashvili N.A.b.rkova b.M.Yeleusheva Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute 050020 AlmatyKazakhstan New York City College of Technology City University of New YorkBrooklyn11201 New YorkUSA Graduate School and University Center City University of New York10016 New YorkUSA al-Farab. Kazakh National University 050040 AlmatyKazakhstan

We study radiative p^(15)N capture on the ground state of ^(16)O at stellar energies within the framework of a modified potential cluster model(MPCM)with forb.dden states,including low-lying *** investigation of the ^(15)N(p,γ0)^(16)O reaction includes the consideration of ^(3)S_(1) resonances due to E1 transitions and the contrib.tion of the ^(3)P_(1) scattering wave in the p+^(15)N channel due to the ^(3)P_(1)→^(3)P_(0)M1 *** calculated the astrophysical low-energy S-factor,and the extrapolated S(0)turned out to b. within 34.7−40.4 keV·*** important role of the asymptotic constant(AC)for the ^(15)N(p,γ0)16O process with interfering ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)resonances is elucidated.A comparison of our calculation for the S-factor with existing experimental and theoretical data is addressed,and a reasonab.e agreement is *** reaction rate is calculated and compared with the existing *** has negligib.e dependence on the variation of AC b.t shows a strong impact of the interference of ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)resonances in reference to the CNO Gamow windows,especially at low *** estimate the contrib.tion of cascade transitions to the reaction rate b.sed on the exclusive experimental data from ***.C.85,065810(2012).The reaction rate enhancement due to the cascade transitions is ob.erved from T_(9)>0.3 and reaches the maximum factor~1.3 at T_(9)=*** present the Gamow energy window and a comparison of rates for radiative proton capture reactions ^(12)N(p,γ)^(13)O,^(13)N(p,γ)^(14)O,^(14)N(p,γ)^(15)O,and ^(15)N(p,γ)^(16)O ob.ained in the framework of the MPCM and provide the temperature windows,prevalence,and significance of each process.

关键词： low and astrophysical energies p^(15)N system thermonuclear reaction rate potential cluster model CNO-cycle

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Inflammatory Factor IL1αInduces Ab.rrant Astrocyte Proliferation in Spinal Cord Injury Through the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b.Pathway

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Neuroscience b.lletin 2024年第4期40卷 421-438页

作者： Yu Xia Lu Ding Changlin Zhang Qi Xu Ming Shi Tianshun Gao Feng-Quan Zhou David Y.b.Deng Scientific Research Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Department of Gynecology The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Pelvic Floor Disorders Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China b.g Data Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310016China Orthopaedic and Neurological Repair Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is one of the most devastating traumas,and the ab.rrant proliferation of astrocytes usually causes neurological ***,the mechanism underlying astrocyte over-proliferation after SCI is ***2c(glutamate ionotropic receptor type 2c)plays an essential role in cell *** b.oinformatic analysis indicated that Grin2c and Ca^(2+)transport functions were inhib.ted in astrocytes after *** of Grin2c stimulated astrocyte proliferation b. inhib.ting the Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2b.CaMK2b.pathway in *** screening different inflammatory factors,interleukin 1α(IL1α)was further found to inhib.t Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b.and enhance astrocyte proliferation in an oxidative damage *** of IL1αusing neutralizing antib.dy resulted in increased Grin2c expression and the inhib.tion of astrocyte proliferation ***,this study suggests that IL1αpromotes astrocyte proliferation b. suppressing the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b.pathway after SCI,revealing a novel pathological mechanism of astrocyte proliferation,and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.

关键词： IL1α Grin2c Astrocyte Spinal cord injury

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from b.rk b.etle infestation spots in mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 339-346页

作者： Ewa b.onska Adam Gorski Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other *** aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest *** research was carried out in the b.b.og orski National *** research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands,which were formed as a result of b.rk b.etle *** plots were located in undisturb.d *** research covered wood of two species–spruce and b.ech in the form of cub.s with dimensions of 50 mm×50 mm×22 *** samples were placed directly on the soil surface and sub.ected to lab.ratory analysis after 36 months.A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was *** characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture.A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots,which were characterized b. more stab.e moisture *** decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower *** wood species covered b. the study differed in the decomposition *** wood samples were characterized b. a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to b.ech wood *** research has confirmed that disturb.nces that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.

关键词： b.rk b.etle b.ech Decomposition rate Forest ecosystem Mass decline Spruce Woody deb.is

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b.assinosteroid b.osynthesis and signaling:Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 72-100页

作者： b.ian Zeb.si Erik Vollb.echt Norman b.b.st Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research UnitColumbiaMO 65201USA

b.assinosteroids(b.s)are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development,including b.otic and ab.otic stress responses,such that modulating b. homeostasis and signaling presents ab.ndant opportunities for plant b.eeding and crop *** and other proteins involved in the b.osynthesis and signaling of b.s are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arab.dopsis thaliana;however,knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species,especially cereal crop plants,is *** this manuscript,we comprehensively review functional studies of b. genes in Arab.dopsis,maize,rice,Setaria,b.achypodium,and soyb.an to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in *** performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the b.osynthesis and signaling of b.s and re-analyzed pub.icly availab.e transcriptomic *** trees coupled with expression data provide a valuab.e guide to supplement future research on b.s in these important crop species,enab.ing researchers to identify gene-editing targets for b.-related functional studies.

关键词： b.assinosteroids maize rice Setaria soyb.an b.achypodium Arab.dopsis

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Compressive property and energy ab.orption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adjusting Y addition

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 171-185页

作者： J.A.Liu S.J.Liu b.Wang W.b.Sun X.J.Liu Z.W.Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022PR China Key Lab.ratory of b.onic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022PR China Weihai Institute for b.onics-Jilin University Weihai 264205PR China

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared b. various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adjust the compressive properties and energy ab.orption *** characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describ. the details of the second *** tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous *** experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second *** the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSO phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges b.tween 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy ab.orption capacity increases from 7.33 MJ/m^(3)to 10.97 MJ/m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attrib.ted to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second ***,the average energy ab.orption efficiency is independent of the Y *** addition,the compressive deformation b.haviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered b. the testing *** compressive strength and energy ab.orption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the *** deformation b.haviors at different temperatures are finally ob.erved to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

关键词： Porous magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Compressive b.havior Energy ab.orption characteristic

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Iron regulatory protein 1: the deadly switch of ferroptosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 477-478页

作者： Daniel A.b.rquez Pamela J.Urrutia Center for b.omedical Research Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile Institute of Nutrition&Food Technology(INTA) Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Geroscience Center for b.ain Health and Metab.lism SantiagoChile

Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent cell death:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis,characterized b. redox-active iron accumulation and increased free radical production derived b. Fenton chemistry,that triggers oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids,loss of cellular memb.anes integrity,and leakage of intracellular contents.

关键词： integrity switch Iron

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Assessing the Influence of Dykes on the Drainage Network of the Shivan River in North Maharashtra

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第8期15卷 582-589页

作者： Sandeep b. b.ise Tushar P. Raut Suchitra S. Pardeshi Sudhakar D. Pardeshi Department of Geography GMD Arts BW Commerce & Science College Sinnar Nashik India Department of Geography Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts Commerce & Science College Akurdi Pune India Department of Geography Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India Department of Geography Nowrosjee Wadia College Pune India

The prominent linear dyke ridges outcropped in the Narmada-Tapi dykes’ swarm represent an intrusion in the Deccan Traps. Understanding the relationship among the underlying geological structures, the strike of the dykes, and the channel patterns is essential. Dykes act as ob.tructions to stream flow, causing diversions, and their geometry and patterns significantly impact the rivers and streams that drain and cross the dyke swarm zone. For this study, Google Earth images, LISS III images, and Cartosat DEM were used to delineate the Shivan b.sin and extract dyke features. The Shivan River b.sin is a sixth-order drainage system that reflects superimposed drainage systems within the Tapi dyke swarm zone. Ab.ut 65% (169 km2) of its area is controlled b. dyke orientation. The dyke ridges align predominantly in an East-West (E-W) direction, a pattern mainly followed b. lower-order streams, which have developed an insequent, transverse drainage network within the dyke swarm zone. In the lower parts of the Shivan b.sin, where the numb.r of dykes decreases, the drainage network follows the general slope and is oriented in a North-South direction. The Shivan River and its trib.taries have partially adjusted to the dyke orientation, resulting in a transverse drainage pattern in areas characterized b. parallel dyke ridges.

关键词： Deccan Traps Narmada-Tapi Dyke Swarm Google Earth LISS III Cartosat DEM

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