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Composition,Structure and Regeneration Dynamics of Olea ferruginea Royle Forests from Hindukush Range of Pakistan

Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第3期12卷 647-658页

作者： NASRULLAH Khan fayaz ali KISHWAR ali SHAHID Shaukat Laboratory of Plant Ecology Department of Botany University of Malakand Department of Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading Institute of Environmental Studies University of Karachi

Abstract＂ The abundance of Olea ferruginea in Malakand Division has been significantly reduced across its distribution range due to anthropogenic pressure in the recent past. A number of initiatives were taken for grafting this species to obtain better seeds for oil production, without the basic information on their ecology and management. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the composition, structure and regeneration dynamics of Olea ferruginea forests in Malakand Division, Hindukush range of Pakistan. In the present study, five communities dominated by Oleaferruginea were identified using Ward＇s agglomerative cluster analysis. Total tree density ranged from 153-26o2 plants/ha, and basal area from 19.55 to 2353 m~ ha-1 with Olea having a relative density of 51% to 87% and basal area of 48% to 93%, respectively. The density of juveniles of the dominant and subordinate tree species were generally low which reflect their narrow distribution in the study area. Size-class distributions of O. ferruginea disclosed a bell-shaped pattern, indicating that forests were heavily exploited by local inhabitants in previous periods and recently by armed forces owing to security risks in the study area. The age （mean max. 300±34 years） and annual increment （3.2±1.2 years/cm） indicates that the species is long lived and generally slow growing among the different broad leaved species studied so far. However, the oldest trees can be found by the exploration of large diameter trees in the area. In addition, we found a stable linear relationship between the age and diameter （r2 = o.779）, indicating that diameter is a good predictor of age for this broad leaved species. In view of its relatively slow growth, longevity and positive ring-width characteristics O. ferruginea seems to be a suitable choice for dendroecological and dendrochronological studies in lesser Himalayan and Hindukush ranges of Pakistan. The results obtained from this study may help in understanding the composi

关键词： Oleaferruginea Species composition Ward's agglomerative cluster analysis Seedling Dendroecology

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Deep eutectic ionic liquids based on DABCO-derived quaternary ammonium salts: A promising reaction medium in gaining access to terpyridines

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 586-598页

作者： Muhammad Faisal Azeem Haider Quret ul Aein Aamer Saeed fayaz ali Larik Department of Chemistry Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Owing to the directional H-bonding,coordination and π-stacking abilities,terpyridines have been widely used as supramolecular tectons in molecular architectures,skeletons in molecular devices and metallopolymers,and are gaining importance in medicinal *** this paper,we have synthesized,characterized and applied deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs) based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;triethylenediamine (DABCO)-derived quatemary ammonium salts for the preparation *** DEILs were synthesized through N-alkylation of DABCO with haloalkanes (1-bromopentane or 1-bromoheptane) followed by mixing and heating with methanol or polyethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond *** synthesized DEILs were structurally characterized by IR and *** formation of deep eutectic solvent was confirmed by freezing point depression,it composition was investigated through phase diagram,and its thermal stability was determined through differential scanning calorimetry,derivative thermogravimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis ***,these DEILs were investigated for their effectiveness towards synthesis of 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine,3,2':6',3"-terpyridineand 4,2':6',4"-terpyridine derivatives through Kr(o)hnke *** results show that these three types ofterpyridines can be obtained in reasonable yields (80%-97%) by the one-pot reaction of 2-,3-or 4-acetylpyridine with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of DEIL as a reaction medium,sodium hydroxide as a base and ammonium acetate as a cyclizing *** methodology is highly efficient and cost-effective for synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical ***,these DEILs can be reused several times without an obvious loss of activity and are non-toxic,low-volatile,biodegradable and highly thermally ***,these DEILs as a non-conventional reaction medium for the synthesis of terpyridines provides appealing opportunities to be investigated in the domain of gr

关键词： terpyridine deep eutectic solvent ionic liquid Krohnke reaction DABCO

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Secure and Reliable Routing in the Internet of Vehicles Network:AODV-RL with BHA Attack Defense

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 633-659页

作者： Nadeem Ahmed Khalid Mohammadani ali Kashif Bashir Marwan Omar Angel Jones fayaz Hassan School of Electronic Science Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100086China Department of Computer Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabad502345India Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Information Technology and Management Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUSA College of Computing Capital Technology UniversityLaurelUSA

Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,intricate security challenges are intertwinedwith technological progress:Vehicular ad hoc Networks(VANETs),a core component of IoV,face security issues,particularly the Black Hole Attack(BHA).This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability;also,BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes *** the importance of this challenge,we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor(AODV-RL).The significance of AODVRL lies in its unique approach:it verifies and confirms the trustworthiness of network components,providing robust protection against *** additional safety layer is established by implementing the Local Outlier Factor(LOF),which detects and addresses abnormal network *** testing of our solution has revealed its remarkable ability to enhance communication in ***,Our experimental results achieve message delivery ratios of up to 94.25%andminimal packet loss ratios of just 0.297%.Based on our experimental results,the proposedmechanismsignificantly improves VANET communication reliability and *** results promise a more secure and dependable future for IoV,capable of transforming transportation safety and efficiency.

关键词： Black hole attack IoV vehicular ad hoc network AODV routing protocol

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Screening Selected Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes for Yield Performance in Sindh, Pakistan

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Natural Science 2016年第2期8卷 53-65页

作者： Shoaib Gul Asghar ali Rajper Fahad ali Kalhoro Shamir ali Kalhoro Amjad ali fayaz ali Shah Sajjad Raza Muneer Ahmed Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab Peshawar Pakistan

The present study was carried out during the year 2013-14 on the screening of the selected linseed genotypes for yield performance in Sindh, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out at the experimental fields of Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam in a three replicated randomized complete block design. Twelve linseed genotypes (L-53, C-W-2, Shikarpur 2, P-16-4, L-8, 11-106, Hala 3, L-17, Santane, Summit, L-10 and check llsi 90) were screened for their agronomic performance and correlations amongst yield and its contributing traits were calculated. The analysis of variance suggested significant (P -16-4 surpassed Ilsi-90 for primary branches;and most of the remaining genotypes were at par with the commercial check for primary branches. Genotype L-10 surpassed the commercial check for capsules plant-1 and L-8 was at par with the commercial check;while none of the genotypes could surpass commercial check variety for seed index, but 11-106, Hala-3 and Summit also showed promising performance regarding the seed index. All the genotypes tested in this experiment such as L-53, C-W-2, Shikarpur 2, P-16-4, L-8, 11-106, Hala 3, L-17, Santane, Summit, L-10 surpassed the commercial check variety Ilsi-90 for seed yield plot-1. The correlation coefficient for yield and its contributing traits of linseed genotypes showed a positive and significant (P -1 vs seed yield plant-1 (r = 0.3334*), days to maturity vs spike length (r = 0.5384**), days to 75% flowering vs days to 90% maturity (r = 0.4073**), days to 75% flowering vs seed index (r = 0.429

关键词： Selected Linseed

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Optimizing Yield and Quality of Canola Cultivars Using Various Potash Levels

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1233-1242页

作者： Ansaar Ahmed fayaz ali Inamullah Amjad ali Arif Ullah Rubina Naz Amanullah Mahar Shahmir ali Kalhoro Department of Agronomy The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Botany Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Pakistan Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan

The response of several canola cultivars to different potassium (K) levels was investigated in terms of various agronomic parameters including yields, oil and protein contents in a trial conducted at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan in Rabi 2010-11. Three cultivars including Bulbul-98, Abaseen-95 and Dure-NIFA, with five levels of potassium i.e. 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg·ha-1 were used in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with four replications and factorial arrangement. A larger number of days to 50% flowering (116.6 days), plant height (203.8 cm), leaf area index (4.4), 1000 grain weight (3.5 g), biological yield (13189.3 kg·ha-1), grain yield (1799.2 kg·ha-1) and harvest index (13.9%) were obtained in K applied plots than the plots where K was not applied. The highest oil (45.1%) and protein (27.7%) was obtained in plots where K was applied at the rate of 120 and 90 kg·ha-1, respectively. Among cultivars, Bulbul-98 and Abaseen-95 had higher seed yield and oil percentage. Bulbul-98 had more protein content than Abaseen-95 and Durre-NIFA. On average, cultivars gave higher and at par grain yield at 60, 90 and 120 kg·ha-1. However, they produced higher and at par oil and protein percentage at 90 and 120 kg·ha-1. Bul-bul-98 and Abaseen-95 are recommended for higher grain yield and oil content for general culti-vation in Peshawar valley. However, for higher protein content, Bulbul-98 is better. Potassium applied at 60 kg·ha-1 is recommended for higher grain yield, however, for higher oil and protein content, K at 90 kg·ha-1 is recommended.

关键词： Biological Yield Canola Potassium Harvest Index Protein Oil

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Effect of Boron Soil Application on Nutrients Efficiency in Tobacco Leaf

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1391-1400页

作者： fayaz ali Amjad ali Hameed Gul Muhammad Sharif Arooj Sadiq Ansaar Ahmed Arif Ullah Amanullah Mahar Shahmir ali Kalhoro College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A & F University Yangling China Pakistan Tobacco Board Tobacco Research Station Mardan Pakistan Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agriculture Resource and Environmental Sciences Northeast Agriculture University Harbin China Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan College of Economics and Management Northwest A & F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan

The present study was based on the general hypothesis that boron may affect the accumulation and utilization of other nutrients in plant. For this purpose a field experiment was carried out to find out the influence of boron on the different nutrients content in FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) at TRS Khan Garhi, Mardan, during 2010-2011. Two varieties TM-2008 and Speight G-28 were tested and six levels of boron (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kg·ha-1) were applied in the form of boric acid, in randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement and replicated thrice. Results indicated that the yield of tobacco crop increased with 1 kg·B·ha-1 and then decreased sequence wise in both varieties. N and P concentrations were significantly affected by applied boron. Similarly, potassium was increased which is a good indication for a better quality of tobacco crop. Application of boron significantly increased the concentrations of boron nutrients ratios such as K/B;Cl/B and Mn/Fe were decreased while K/Cl and Zn/Cu ratios were increased at lower boron concentrations but decreased at higher concentrations of boron. The fertilizer use efficiency of both the cultivars showed similar trend;however, Speight G-28 was more efficient than TM-2008 in boron accumulation. The overall results revealed that the application of boron should be encouraged for balancing nutrients concentration, thus getting higher yield in the prevailing conditions.

关键词： Boron Nutrients Efficiency Nitrogen Phosphurus Tobacco

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Heterosis and Combing Ability in F1 Population of Hexaploid Wheat (<i>Triticum Aestivum</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 1011-1026页

作者： Fahad ali Kalhoro Asghar ali Rajpar Shahmir ali Kalhoro Amanullah Mahar Amjad ali Sohail Ahmed Otho Rab Nawaz Soomro fayaz ali Zulfiqar ali Baloch Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Economics and Management Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling China

The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were examined during Rabi (crop season) of 2013-2014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. The experiment for this study was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan. The breeding material was comprised of four parents (Imdad, TD-1, SKD-1, and Moomal). These parents were crossed in half partial mating fashion;thus, six possible cross combinations (F1s) were obtained (Imdad × TD-1, Imdad × SKD-1, Imdad × Moomal, TD-1 × SKD-1, TD-1 × Moomal, and SKD-1 × Moomal). A three-replicated RCB Design was used. The mean squares corresponding to different traits of various hexaploid wheat genotypes indicated significant (P F1 hybrids) effects for the characters (plant height, tillers plant-1, spike length, spikelets spike-1, seeds spike-1, seed index, and grain yield plant-1). The mean performance of F1 hybrids differed significantly (P < 0.01) for all the traits studied. Among the parents, Imdad and TD-1 proved to be better general combiners for almost all the studied traits. In regards to SCA effects, the F1 hybrids Imdad × TD-1 and Imdad × SKD-1 expressed higher SCA and heterotic effects for most of the studied traits.

关键词： Wheat Breeding GCA SCA Heterosis Heterobeltiosis

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Study on Growth Effects of Major-Nutrients Composition to Banana Cultivation in Coastal Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 1003-1010页

作者： Shahmir ali Kalhoro Xuexuan Xu Amanullah Mahar Amjad ali Fahad ali Kalhoro Sohail Ahmed Otho Rab Nawaz Soomro fayaz ali Zulfiqar ali Baloch Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Economics and Management Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling China

The composition of major nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), is a critical factor in banana cultivation and also influences crop yield. This study was aimed to analyze the concentrations of NPK in different banana growing locations of coastal areas of Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 15 composite soil samples at the depth of 0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm and the same number of banana leaves were collected. The samples were analyzed for the concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cl concentrations. Results showed that the surface and sub-surface soils of coastal areas were heavy in texture, non-saline, medium alkaline and moderately calcareous in nature. Medium to adequate in Organic Matter (OM), medium in total nitrogen, medium to optimum in available phosphorus, medium to high in exchangeable potassium and deficient in available zinc at both tested depths. The analysis of soluble anions indicated that the carbonates were absent and that chlorides were dominant as compared with bicarbonates. Nitrogen and zinc concentrations of banana leaves were below the critical level, whereas P, K, Mn and chloride ion concentration were above the critical levels. In addition, the relative percentages for K, Ca and Mg were 57.72 to 61.72, 19.05 to 21.00 and 17.70 to 20.00 respectively.

关键词： Banana Cultivation Nutrients Yield Soil Leaves

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Effect of Water Stress on the Growth and Yield of Cotton Crop (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 1027-1039页

作者： Arbab Sahito Zulfiqar ali Baloch Amanullah Mahar Sohail Ahmed Otho Shahmir ali Kalhoro Amjad ali Fahad ali Kalhoro Rab Nawaz Soomro fayaz ali Department of Agronomy Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan College of Economics and Management Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China

Cotton is one of the most important fibre crops playing a key role in economic and social affairs of the world. Water is a critical factor which influences on growth and yield of the cotton crop. Scarcity of water has put tremendous pressure on scientists to introduce drought tolerant cotton varieties. This study was aimed to determine water stress effects on the growth and yield of cotton. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of number of irrigations on the growth and yield of cotton during 2014. The field trial was conducted at the Experimental Fields of Agronomy Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, Pakistan. A three replicated Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed to layout the experiment having plot size of 2.5 m × 5 m (12.5 m2). Four cotton varieties i.e. NIAB-78, Shahbaz-95, Sindh-1 and TH-224/87 were chosen for this study based on their frequent farmer usage. All the agronomic practices were performed according to standard procedures. Results showed that all the growth and yield components of cotton were significantly (P 0.05) affected by irrigation frequencies. The cotton crop irrigated six times at 21 days interval showed better results with 138.16 cm plant height, 1.45 monopodial branches per plant, 21.83 sympodial branches per plant, 44.58 bolls per plant, 33.86% G.O.T., and 26.97 mm staple length, 149.84 g seed cotton yield per plant and 2271.16 kg·ha-1 seed cotton yield. This study concluded that variety NIAB-78 showed superiority over Shahbaz-95, Sindh-1 and TH-224/87 in almost all the characters of economic importance, and the cotton crop received 6 irrigations at 21 days interval resulted in significantly economical overall performance as compared with 5 irrigations or 4 irrigations with higher seed cotton yield.

关键词： Cotton Crop Drought Stress Tolerance Yield

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Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus and Method of Application on the Growth and Yield of Wheat

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Natural Science 2016年第7期8卷 305-314页

作者： Shahzado Noonari Shahmir ali Kalhoro Amjad ali Amanullah Mahar Sajjad Raza Muneer Ahmed Syed fayaz ali Shah Sana Ullah Baloch Department of Agronomy Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam Pakistan Institute of Soil & Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science Uthal Pakistan College of Natural Resources & Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Agricultural Research Institute (Tarnab) Peshawar Pakistan Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity of wheat under different levels of phosphorus and method of application at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Experiment was laid out in a RCBD (factorial) with three replications. The treatments were four phosphorus levels (P1 = 0 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen, P2 = 30 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen, P3 = 60 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen and P4 = 90 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen) and two placement methods (A1 = Drilling method and A2 = Broadcast method). The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and placement exhibited significant differences to the maturity days, plant height, tiller production, spike length, grains per spike, seed index, harvest index and grain yield ha–1. However, the interactions of P levels and placement in all crop characters were non-significant except the grain yield/ha–1. The results revealed that application of 90 kg P ha–1 prolonged 143 days for maturity, taller plants (100.16 cm), more tiller plant–1 (13.50), lengthy spikes (12.83 cm), more grains spike–1 (51.33), heavier seed index (48.16 g), better harvest index (50.82%) and satisfactory grain yield (4240.50 Kg?ha–1). The unit increase in grain yield was positively correlated with the increased values of observed crop parameters by extending the values of maturity r = 0.85, plant height r = 0.94, tillers plant r = 0.96, spike length r = 0.95, grains spik–1 r = 0.97, seed index r = 0.95 and harvest index r = 0.97. It was concluded that 90 kg P ha–1 was superior level of phosphorus if, applied with seed drilling for obtaining satisfactory grain yield of wheat crop.

关键词： Wheat Phosphorous Broadcasting Drilling Yield

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