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A Double-Phase High-Frequency Traveling Magnetic Field Developed for Contactless Stirring of Low-Conducting Liquid Materials

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第5期127卷 469-486页

作者： Xiaodong Wang Ernst Roland fautrelle yves College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of the Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina Guangwei(Zhongshan)Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd.Huairou Science CityBeijingChina SIMAP/EPM Universite Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance

The use of low electrically conducting liquids is more and more widespread.This is the case for molten glass,salt or slag processing,ionic liquids used in biotechnology,batteries in energy storage and metallurgy.The present paper deals with the design of a new electromagnetic induction device that can heat and stir low electricallyconducting liquids.It consists of a resistance-capacity-inductance circuit coupled with a low-conducting liquid load.The device is supplied by a unique electric power source delivering a single-phase high frequency electric current.The main working principle of the circuit is based on a double oscillating circuit inductor connected to the solid-state transistor generator.This technique,which yields a set of coupled oscillating circuits,consists of coupling a forced phase and an induced phase,neglecting the influence of the electric parameters of the loading part(i.e.,the low-conductivity liquid).It is shown that such an inductor is capable to provide a two-phase AC traveling magnetic field at high frequency.To better understand the working principle,the present work improves a previous existing simplified theory by taking into account a complex electrical equivalent diagram due to the different mutual couplings between the two inductors and the two corresponding induced current sets.A more detailed theoretical model is provided,and the key and sensitive elements are elaborated.Based on this theory,equipment is designed to provide a stirring effect on sodium chloride-salted water at 40 S/m.It is shown that such a device fed by several hundred kiloHertz electric currents is able to mimic a linear motor.A set of optimized operating parameters are proposed to guide the experiment.A pure electromagnetic numerical model is presented.Numerical modelling of the load is performed in order to assess the efficiency of the stirrer with a salt water load.Such a device can generate a significant liquid motion with both controlled flow patterns and adjustable amplitude.Based on the magnetohydrodynamic

关键词： Alternating magnetic field electromagnetic stirring low electrically conducting liquids ionic liquid

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Parametric instability of a liquid metal sessile drop under the action of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第2期25卷 300-308页

作者：雷作胜郭加宏 fautrelle yves ERNST Roland ETAY Jacqueline 任忠鸣 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Materials Processing Shanghai University SIMAP-EPM Laboratory Grenoble Institute of Technology/CNRS UMR 5266 France Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University SIMAP-EPM Laboratory Grenoble Institute of Technology/CNRS UMR 5266France

A 2-D mathematical model is developed in order to simulate a parametric electromagnetic instability oscillation process of a liquid metal droplet under the action of low frequency magnetic field. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian （ALE） method and weak form constraint boundary condition are introduced in this model for implementation of the surface tension and electromagnetic force on liquid droplet free surface. The results of the numerical calculations indicate the appearance of various regimes of oscillation. It is found that according to the magnetic field frequency various types of oscillation modes may be found. The oscillation is originated from an instability phenomenon. The stability diagram of liquid metal droplet in the parameter space of magnetic frequency and magnetic flux density is determined numerically. The diagram is very similar to that found in the so-called parametric instability.

关键词： sessile drop parametric instability low-frequency alternating magnetic fields numerical simulation

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Effect of vertical electromagnetic stirring on solute distribution in billet continuous casting process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第1期29卷 132-143页

作者： Tao Wang En-gang Wang yves Delannoy yves fautrelle Olga Budenkova Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110004LiaoningChina CNRS Grenoble INPSIMAPUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble 38000France School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110004LiaoningChina CNRS Grenoble INPLEGIUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble 38000France

A volume averaged columnar solidification model,which couples the flow,temperature and solute concentration fields,is applied to simulate experimental continuous casting cases with and without vertical electromagnetic stirring(V-EMS).The calculated distribution of magnetic induction intensity and final macrosegregation maps are consistent with the experimental results.Calculation results reveal that the V-EMS promotes longitudinal melt flow,accelerates heat dissipation and solidification and finally reduces the central segregation of carbon.However,when V-EMS is applied,the solute distribution becomes asymmetric because the melt flow shows opposite directions between the near and far sides from stirrer.An obvious positive segregation band is observed at about 1/4 width of the billet near the stirrer in both calculated and experimental results.The position and degree of such positive segregation could be affected by installation height of stirrer,as demonstrated by additional simulation cases.

关键词： Vertical electromagnetic stirring Macrosegregation Volume averaged method Continuous casting

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Thermo-Electric Motions and Structures Generated by Static Magnetic Fields During the Solidification of Metallic Alloys

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2012年第S1期19卷 9-17页

作者： LI Xi REN Zhong-ming Gagnoud Annie Budenkova Olga Bojarevics Andris fautrelle yves Department of Materials Engineering Shanghai University SIMAP-EPM-Madylam/CNRS Grenoble Institute of TechnologyBP 7538402 St Martin d'Heres CedexFrance Institute of Physics University of LatviaMiera Street 32Salaspils LV-2169Latvia

Thermo-electric currents in the presence of static magnetic fields generate significant electromagnetic forces(TEM forces).The thermo-electric currents are due to the Seebeck effect when temperature gradients exist in the material. Those forces may produce various phenomena like pumping,stirring in liquid metals as well as solid motions,stresses in the solid metal.Those effects may be encountered especially during the solidification of metallic materials because of the existence of significant temperature gradients.In liquid metals the application of a static magnetic field enhances TEM convection at moderate intensity but also damps it when it is strong enough.This means that there exists a maximum of the convection which occurs when the Hartmann layers are comparable to the considered length scale.However,the smaller the length scales are(for example when primary or secondary dendrite arm spacings are considered),the higher the magnetic field strength which is needed to damp the TEM convection.So far,many solidification experiments on various types of alloys(e.g.,Sn-Pb,Al-Cu,Al-Si,Al-Ni etc.)have been carried out.The experiments have shown that TEM convection occurs both in the liquid bulk but also in the deep mushy zone.TEM convection may strongly influence the meso-macrosegregation patterns,the solidification structures and the grain boundaries leading to the striking grain boundary structure of the mushy zone.The flow pattern and accordingly the segregations may be controlled by changing the orientation of the applied magnetic field,i.e.,axial or transverse.We have shown that very high magnetic field strengths,up to 16 T,are needed to damp the TEM convection.Heuristic numerical and analytical investigations show that the TEM force density is very important in the liquid,but can be even more important in the solid.Indeed,for high Hartmann number,the electric currents are confined in a small skin layer near the solid boundaries leading to a decay of the flow.However,the situation is different in the solid,sinc

关键词： high magnetic field thermo-electric magnetic convection mesosegregations dendrite fragmentation

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Controlled moderative sulfidation-fabricated hierarchical heterogeneous nickel sulfides-based electrocatalyst with tripartite Mo doping for efficient oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 780-788页

作者： Xing Yu Qingyun Lv Lulu She Long Hou yves fautrelle Zhongming Ren Guanghui Cao Xionggang Lu Xi Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China SIMAP-EPM-Madylam/G-INP/CNRS PHELMABP 7538402 St Martin d’HeresCedexFrance

An electrocatalyst with heterogeneous nanostructure, especially the hierarchical one, generally shows a more competitive activity than that of its single-component counterparts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER), due to the synergistically enhanced kinetics on enriched active sites and reconfigured electronic band structure. Here this work introduces hierarchical heterostructures into a NiMo@NiS/MoS_(2)@Ni_(2)S_(2)/MoO_(x)(NiMoS) composite by one-pot controlled moderative sulfidation. The optimal solvent composition and addition of NaOH enable NiMoS to own loose and porous structures, smaller nanoparticle sizes, optimal phase composition and chemical states of elements, improving the OER activity of NiMoS. To achieve current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm^(-1), small overpotentials of 275 and 306 mV are required respectively, together with a minor Tafel slope of 58 mV dec^(-1), which outperforms most reported sulfide catalysts and IrO_(2). The synergistic effects in the hierarchical heterostructures expose more active sites,adjust the electronic band structure, and enable the fast charge transfer kinetics, which construct an optimized local coordination environment for high OER electrocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the hierarchical heterostructures suppress the distinct lowering of electrical conductivity and collapse of pristine structures resulted from the metal oxidation and synchronous S leaching during OER, yielding competitive catalytic stability.

关键词： OER electrocatalysts Controlled moderative sulfidation Hierarchical heterostructures Nickel sulfides Tripartite Mo doping

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Parametric Instability of a Liquid Metal Sessile Drop Under a High Frequency Amplitude-Modulate Magnetic Field

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2012年第S1期19卷 491-494页

作者： LEI Zuo-sheng ZHANG Li-jie CHEN Chao-yue GUO Jia-hong REN Zhong-ming fautrelle yves ETAY Jecqueline Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Material Processing Shanghai University Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University SIMAP-EPM laboratory Grenoble Institute of Technology/CNRS UMR 526638402 St-Martin d'HeresFrance

The parametric instability behavior of a liquid mercury sessile drop under high frequency Amplitude-Modulate Magnetic Field(AMMF),i.e.a high frequency magnetic field(carder wave)modulated by a low frequency sine wave(modulate wave),is investigated experimentally.The free surface contour of the mercury drop is observed by a CCD camera while varying the frequency and amplitude of the high frequency AMMF.At a given frequency and amplitude,the edge deformations with an azimuthal wave numbers(modes n=3,4,5,6)were excited.

关键词： high frequency Amplitude-Modulate Magnetic Field liquid metal sessile drop parametric instability

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Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of Ni-rich Ni-Mn-Ga alloys under compressive and tensile stresses

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第2期97卷 113-122页

作者： Yue Wang Siyuan Yang Ting Zhou Long Hou Lansong Ba yves fautrelle Zhongming Ren Yanyan Zhu Zongbin Li Xi Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China EPM-Madylam ENSHMG BP 38402St Martin d’Heres CedexFrance School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior in directionally solidified Ni-rich Ni-Mn-Ga alloys with nominal compositions of Ni_(58)Mn_(25)Ga_(17) and Ni_(60)Mn_(25)Ga_(15) under compressive and tensile stresses have been investigated.The composition distribution shows the element Ni segregates in gamma phase,while elements Mn and Ga segregate in martensite phase.Furthermore,the microstructure orientation examined by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)indicates that beta phase has a preferred growth orientation of(001)_(A) in Ni_(58)Mn_(25)Ga_(17) alloys,while gamma phase has a preferred growth orientation of(001)_(γ) in Ni_(60)Mn_(25)Ga_(15) alloys.The fracture morphology suggests that the existence of ductile y phase can reduce the crack propagation and promote fracture strain,particularly in the Ni_(60)Mn_(25)Ga_(15) alloys.Finally,Schmid factor and deformation gradient tensor were calculated to well explain the crystallographic evolution during the detwinning under compressive and tensile stresses.The present findings not only elucidate the mechanism ofγphase on the mechanical behavior of Ni-rich Ni-Mn-Ga alloys,but also shed light on the composition design of high temperature Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys.

关键词： Ni-Mn-Ga Gamma phase Tensile Compressive EBSD

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Microstructural,crystallographic,and mechanical characteristics in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys directionally solidified under a transverse magnetic field

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第11期142卷 10-21页

作者： Xi Li Long Hou Siyuan Yang Ting Zhou Yue Wang Xing Yu Zongbin Li Daoyong Cong yves fautrelle Zhongming Ren Yanyan Zhu Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China EPM-Madylam ENSHMG BPSt Martin d’Heres 38402 CEDEXFrance

In this study,the effect of transverse magnetic field-assisted directional solidification(MFADS)on the microstructures in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys has been investigated.The results show that the magnetic field is capable of inducing transversal macrosegregation perpendicular to the magnetic field,causing the emergence of martensite clusters in the austenite matrix.Moreover,the magnetic field alleviates the microseg-regation on a dendritic scale and promotes the preferred growth of austenite dendrites.On the basis of the above investigation,several special samples are designed using the MFADS to study the crystallographic evolution and mechanical behavior during thermal/stress-induced martensite transformation.The martensite cluster in the austenite matrix is used to investigate the martensite transformation and growth under cooling-heating cycles.The crystallographic relationship and phase boundary microstructure between martensite and austenite have been characterized.In addition,the microsegregation on a dendritic scale can significantly influence the martensite variant distribution,corresponding to the performance during compressive circles based on the analysis of the deformation gradient tensor.The stress-induced superelasticity is closely dependent on orientation,well explained from the perspective of different resolved shear stress factors and correspondence variant pair formation transformation strain.The crystallographic evolution has been characterized during in-situ stress-induced transformation.The findings not only deepen the understanding of martensite transformation and mechanical behavior under a thermal/stress field in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys but also propose a promising strategy to obtain microstructure-controllable functional alloys by MFADS.

关键词： Magnetic field-assisted directional solidification Segregation Orientation Martensite transformation Superelasticity

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In-Situ Analyzing the Influence of Thermoelectromagnetic Convection on the Nucleation Ahead of the Advancing Interface During Directional Solidification

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2012年第S1期19卷 381-385页

作者： WANG Jiang fautrelle yves REN Zhong-ming LI Xi NGUYEN-THI Henri MANGELINCK-NOEL Nathalie SALLOUM ABOU JAOUDE Georges ZHONG Yun-bo KALDRE Imants BOJAREVICS Andris BULIGINS Leonid SIMAP/EPM-Madylam BP 75 ENSEEG38402 St-Martin d'HeresFrance Department of Material Science and Engineering Shanghai University Aix Marseille University Campus Saint-JeromeCase 14213397 Marseille Cedex 20France CNRS IM2NPCampus Saint-JeromeCase 14213397 Marseille Cedex 20 France University of Latvia/IPUL SalaspilsLatvia

Sn-3wt%Pb alloy was directionally solidified without and with a 0.08T transverse magnetic field(TMF),and real-time recorded by in-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging.Results indicate that TMF shortened the distance from the location of nucleation to the advancing interface,and accelerated the growth rate of the equiaxed crystal,which caused the columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET)finally.The thermoelectromagnetic convection(TEMC)in front of the interface and around the crystal’s dendritic branch should respond to changes of the distance and the growth rate.

关键词： thermoelectromagnetic convection columnar-to-equiaxed transition synchrotron x-ray directional solidification

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Controlling and adjusting the concentration distribution during solidification process using static magnetic fields

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第15期47卷 86-91页

作者： Pinfang Jiang Jiantao Wang Long Hou yves fautrelle Xi Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels Shanghai UniversityShanghai200072PR China SIMAP-EPM-Madylam/G-INP/CNRS PHELMABP 7538402St Martin d'Heres CedexFrance

As concentration distribution changes have important effects on material structures and properties,controlling the concentration distribution is essential to alloy performance.The aim of the present work is to control and adjust the concentration distribution by the static magnetic field.It is found that the magnetic field disperses grain boundary segregation and causes the uniform distribution of concentration.Further,by the three-dimensional computed tomography(3 D-CT) reconstruction,the flow distribution is seen and the effect mechanism of the magnetic field is revealed.The present work may clarify the ambiguous understanding on the effect of the static magnetic field on solidification process.

关键词： Static magnetic feld Concentration distribution Structures

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