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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura T.Zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo c.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan T.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla c.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov T.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina collaborative Innovation center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics AScR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics AScR PragueCzech Republic czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine ISTEQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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油层水力压裂

油层水力压裂

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丛书名：美国石油工程师学会专论丛书

1980年

作者：（美）豪瓦德（G.c. Howard）（美）法斯特（c.R. fast）付灿邦译

本书比较系统地从理论上介绍了油层水力压裂的机理和工艺技术，包括水力压裂理论，压裂选井，压裂液和添加剂等。

ISBN: (纸本)15037·2202

本书比较系统地从理论上介绍了油层水力压裂的机理和工艺技术，包括水力压裂理论，压裂选井，压裂液和添加剂等。

关键词：油层水力压裂学科:理论

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体态与交际

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1988年

作者：法斯特(fast J.)

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Fault current Limitation with Superconducting YBcO Thin Films

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2003年第3期8卷 334-341页

作者： c.Villard c.Peroz consortium of Research for the Emergence of Advanced Technologies(cRETA)and center of Research on Very Low Temperatures(cRTBT) National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)25 Avenue des MartyrsBP 166X GrenobleFrance-European CommunityConsortium of Research for the Emergence of Advanced Technologies(CRETA)and Center of Research on Very Low Temperatures(CRTBT)National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)25 Avenue des MartyrsBP 166X GrenobleFrance-European Community

The behavior of YBcO/metal bilayers under transport currents was explored in the framework of fault current limitation (FcL). Properties of the superconducting-normal transition were first studied phenomenologically during sweep current experiments. For current rates higher than 500 A/s, the transition into the normal state was based on non-thermal phenomena and was characterized by a flux creep regime ended by a jump into the normal state. At lower sweep rates, a total diversion of the current in the metallic shunt was observed for temperatures higher than 85K. In this regime, a partial recovery of the superconducting state took place due to a finite thermal resistance between the superconducting and the metallic films. These two properties of partial diversion into the shunt and of fast switching for a quick rise of the current during a default were exploited for current limitation at 77 K. FcL experiments at 50 Hz show that YBcO/Au bilayers limit the current in about 1ms at a value of 2. 5/c by developing electrical fields as high as 3kV/m. Moreover, a recovery of the zero resistance state could occur under rated mode. A straightforward application of this property would be the transformer connection. Finally, results on Dc current limitation and recovery under nominal mode were presented for the first time.

关键词： fault current limiters thin films YBcO dissipation superconductors

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Effect of different water supply on morphology, growth and physiological characteristics of Salix psammophila seedlings in Maowusu sandland, china

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 411-417页

作者： Xiao, c.-W. Lab. Quantitative Vegetation Ecol. Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Response pattern was investigated for seedlings of Salix psammophila, a dominant shrub in Maowusu sandland, to the simulated precipitation change by artificially controlling water supply at four levels. The growth characters, in terms of plant height, stem diameter, total branch number, total leaf number and area, total bifurcation ratio, total branch lenght and branch number, branch lenght, leaf number and leaf area of each branch order, and leaf, branch and root biomass significantly increased when water supply increased. That water supply had significant effect on biomass allocation showed different investment pattern of biomass resource of the seedlings grown under different water supply treatments. Stomatal density of abaxial leaf surface decreased, and stomatal apparatus length and width of adaxial and abaxial leaf surface increased with the increase of water supply, while Stomatal density of adaxial leaf surface was not affected by water supply. Water supply obviously affected the diumal changes of photosynthetic rate, and the photosynthetic rate of the seedlings showed strongly midday depression grown under the 157.5 mm water supply, but not grown under higher water supply. Additionally the assimilation-light response curves and flourescence efficiency more showed that water supply improve photosynthesis capacity. Finally, S. psammophila seedlings stood out by their slow growth and relatively high investments in root growth in order to reduce tissue losing rate and consumption of water resource for keeping water balance under water stress. The seedlings that grown under rich water supply did by their fast growth and relatively high investments in branch and leaf growth in order to improve the power of capturing light energy for higher photosynthesis.

关键词： Biomass Fluorescence Morphology Photosynthesis Physiology Plants (botany) Precipitation (chemical) Seed Tissue

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Hydrodynamics of the interceptor on a 2-D flat plate by cFD and experiments

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第6期27卷 919-933页

作者： MANSOORI M. FERNANDES A.c. Department of Naval and Ocean Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Nowadays, the use of interceptor by both partial and total dynamic lift crafts is quite common. In this article, a lot of evidence is given regarding the effectiveness of interceptor. The interceptor, when placed at the stern region, changes the pressure distribution around the craft. Its presence affects drag force, lifting force and the position of pressure＇s center leading to a new trim. This study focuses on hydrodynamic effects of interceptors on a 2-D fiat plate based on both computational fluid dynamic （cFD） and experimental approaches. The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes （RANS） equations are used to model the flow around a fixed flat plate with an interceptor at different heights and attack angles. Based on finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm which uses static structures, this model can be analyzed and the RANS results can be compared with the experimental data obtained in the current channel of the laboratory of waves and current of cOPPE/UFRJ （LOc in Portuguese acronym）. According to the results, the increase of pressure at the end of the flat plate was proportional to the interceptor height. In addition, the existence of interceptors can significantly increase the lift force coefficient at high angles of attack also proportional to the interceptor height. The presence of interceptor at the end of the fiat plate increased both the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient but hydrodynamic drag did not grow as fast as the lift coefficient did. The lift coefficient increased much more. Furthermore, the results showed that the interceptor effectiveness is proportional to the boundary layer thickness at the end of the fiat plate. As the interceptor was inside the boundary layer alterations of flow speed led to changes in boundary layer thickness, directly affecting interceptor＇s efficiency. Optimum choice of interceptor height had a great effect on its efficiency, and in choosing it the flow speed and length of the boat must be taken into consideration.

关键词： interceptor craft 2-D fiat plate lifting coefficient Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) pressure distribution,computational fluid dynamic drag

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Opportunities to search for extraterrestrial intelligence with the fast

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第5期20卷 193-204页

作者： Di Li Vishal Gajjar Pei Wang Andrew Siemion Zhi-Song Zhang Hai-Yan Zhang You-Ling Yue Yan Zhu cheng-Jin Jin Shi-Yu Li Sabrina Berger Bryan Brzycki Jeff cobb Steve croft Daniel czech David DeBoer Julia DeMarines Jamie Drew J.Emilio Enriquez Nectaria Gizani Eric J.Korpela Howard Isaacson Matthew Lebofsky Brian Lacki David H.E.MacMahon Morgan Nanez chen-Hui Niu Xin Pei Danny c.Price Dan Werthimer Pete Worden Yunfan Gerry Zhang Tong-Jie Zhang fast c.llaboration cAS Key Laboratory of fast National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyBerkeley CA 94720USA SETI Institute Mountain ViewCA 94043USA Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP Radboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands University of Malta Institute of Space Sciences and AstronomyMalta Space Sciences Laboratory University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeley CA 94720USA Breakthrough Initiatives NASA Research ParkMoffett Field CA 94043USA Hellenic Open University School of Science&TechnologyParodos AristotelousPerivola PatronGreece University of Southern Queensland QLD 4350Australia Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China centre for Astrophysics&Supercomputing Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC 3122Australia Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Astronomical Science Dezhou UniversityDezhou 253023China

The discovery of ubiquitous habitable extrasolar planets,combined with revolutionary advances in instrumentation and observational capabilities,has ushered in a renaissance in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence(SETI).Large scale SETI activities are now underway at numerous international *** Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(fast)is the largest single-aperture radio telescope in the world,and is well positioned to conduct sensitive searches for radio emission indicative of *** is one of the five key science goals specified in the original fast project plan.A c.llaboration with the Breakthrough Listen Initiative was initiated in 2016 with a joint statement signed both by *** Yan,the then director of National Astronomical Observatories,chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOc),and *** Worden,chairman of the Breakthrough Prize *** this paper,we highlight some of the unique features of fast that will allow for novel SETI *** identify and describe three different signal types indicative of a technological source,namely,narrow band,wide-band artificially dispersed and modulated ***,we propose observations with fast to achieve sensitivities never before *** nearby exoplanets,such as TESS targets,fast will be sensitive to an EIRP of 1.9×1011 W,well within the reach of current human *** the Andromeda Galaxy,fast will be able to detect any Kardashev type II or more advanced civilization there.

关键词： Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope

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Sea Nine 211 as antifouling biocide: A coastal pollutant of emerging concern

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 68-79页

作者： Lianguo chen James c.W.Lam State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong

Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DcOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population ***, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.

关键词： Sea Nine 211 Antifouling agent Degradation Environmental occurrences Ecological risks Endocrine disruption

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Vector Addition Theorem and Its Diagonalization

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communications in computational Physics 2008年第2期3卷 330-341页

作者： W.c.chew Faculty of Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kongand Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801-2918USA.

The conventional vector addition theorem is written in a compact *** a new and succinct derivation of the vector addition theorem is presented thatis as close to the derivation of the scalar addition theorem. Newly derived expressionsin this new derivation are used to diagonalize the vector addition theorem. Thediagonal form of the vector addition theorem is important in the design of fast algorithmsfor computational wave physics such as computational electromagnetics andcomputational acoustics.

关键词： Addition theorem vector field fast algorithm electromagnetic theory.

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Investigation of the Influence of Free convection on the Heat Transfer of cylinders with Different Aspect Ratios

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Journal of Thermal Science 2001年第1期10卷 58-63页

作者： c.Henselowsky H.c.Kuhlmann 等 ZARMUniversityofBremen AmFallturmD－28359BremenGermany ZARMUniversityofBremen AmFallturmD－28359Brem

The heat transfer from an electrically heated cylinder (wire) of finite length to the surrounding fluid can be divided into heat radiation, conduction and convection. A technical application of these cylinders with typical dimensions of 1-2 mm length and a few micrometers diameter is the *** systematic study should clarify the influence of the convection to three dimensional heat transfer of cylinders. For this aim it is planned to investigate Reynolds numbers below Re = 1 (creeping flow). For this reason measurements should be done under 1g in the earth laboratory and also under microgravity (μg) conditions. comparisons of these measurements under otherwise same conditions allows to distinguish between the pure convection heat transfer and the contributions due to conduction and other effects. For measarements under μg the Drop Tower Bremen can be used as research facility. Due to the fast response of convection to changes in the gravity conditions the Drop Tower is an ideal and cost efficient experimental tool. The experimental setup is build to operate at velocity range of 0-l m/s which includes the whole range of convection from pure free convection at 0 m/s over mixed convection up to pure forced convection at velocities above about 0.15 m/s. This velocity region corresponds to a range of the Reynolds number of Re = 0 - 0.18 for a cylinder of 5 μ m diameter at Tf= 140℃ in air at an ambient temperature of about 21℃.

关键词： thermal anemometry hot-wire microgravity free convection hat transfer.

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