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SSL Depth: self-supervised learning enables 16× speedup in confocal microscopy-based 3D surface imaging [Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第6期22卷 3-7页

作者： Ze-Hao Wang Tong-Tian weng Xiang-Dong Chen Li Zhao fang-wen Sun CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China Anhui Golden-Shield 3D Technology Co. Ltd.Hefei 230011China

In scientific and industrial research, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, or depth measurement, is a critical tool that provides detailed insight into surface properties. Confocal microscopy, known for its precision in surface measurements, plays a key role in this field. However, 3D imaging based on confocal microscopy is often challenged by significant data requirements and slow measurement speeds. In this paper, we present a novel self-supervised learning algorithm called SSL Depth that overcomes these challenges. Specifically, our method exploits the feature learning capabilities of neural networks while avoiding the need for labeled data sets typically associated with supervised learning approaches. Through practical demonstrations on a commercially available confocal microscope, we find that our method not only maintains higher quality, but also significantly reduces the frequency of the z-axis sampling required for 3D imaging. This reduction results in a remarkable 16×measurement speed, with the potential for further acceleration in the future. Our methodological advance enables highly efficient and accurate 3D surface reconstructions, thereby expanding the potential applications of confocal microscopy in various scientific and industrial fields.

关键词： confocal microscopy 3D surface imaging self-supervised learning

Enrichment of Chemical Element ^(7)Li in the Rotating Red Clump Star

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 121-125页

作者： fang-wen Wu Han-Feng Song Qing-Li Li Yun He Xin-Yue Qu Zhuo Han College of Physics Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Geneva Observatory University of GenevaCH-1290 SauvernySwitzerland

About 2 percent of red clump stars are found to be the lithium-rich and thus the surface lithium increases obviously in some red clump *** physical mechanism of the lithium enrichment in these stars has not yet been explained satisfactorily by the evolutionary models of single *** flash induced internal gravity wave mixing(i.e.,IGW)could play a primary role in explaining the red clump star with lithium enrichment and it has a very significant impact on the internal structure and surface compositions of a *** can significantly increase the mixing efficiency of the internal gravity wave because the timescale for the enrichment event has been *** mixing can explain the observed behavior of lithium on red giant stars that are more luminosity than the RGB ***,it has a very small effect on the diffusion of elements because its diffusion coefficient is much smaller than the one of IGW induced mixing after the core helium flash.

关键词： flash stars lithium

An ensemble machine learning model to uncover potential sites of hazardous waste illegal dumping based on limited supervision experience

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Fundamental Research 2024年第4期4卷 972-978页

作者： Jinghua Geng Yimeng Ding wenjun Xie wen fang Miaomiao Liu Zongwei Ma Jianxun Yang Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 China

With the soaring generation of hazardous waste(HW)during industrialization and urbanization,HW illegal dumping continues to be an intractable global *** in developing regions with lax regulations,it has become a major source of soil and groundwater *** dominant challenge for HW illegal dumping supervision is the invisibility of dumping sites,which makes HW illegal dumping difficult to be found,thereby causing a long-term adverse impact on the *** to utilize the limited historic supervision records to screen the potential dumping sites in the whole region is a key challenge to be *** this study,a novel machine learning model based on the positive-unlabeled(PU)learning algorithm was proposed to resolve this problem through the ensemble method which could iteratively mine the features of limited historic *** of the random forest-based PU model showed that the predicted top 30%of high-risk areas could cover 68.1%of newly reported cases in the studied region,indicating the reliability of the model *** novel framework will also be promising in other environmental management scenarios to deal with numerous unknown samples based on limited prior experience.

关键词： Hazardous waste Illegal dumping site Positive-unlabeled machine learning Probability prediction Model interpretation

Picotesla fiberized diamond-based AC magnetometer

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1250-1261页

作者： SHAO-CHUN ZHANG YONG LIU LONG-KUN SHAN XUE-DONG GAO JIA-QI GENG CUI YU YANG DONG XIANG-DONG CHEN GUANG-CAN GUO fang-wen SUN CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Key Laboratory of ASIC Hebei Semiconductor Research InstituteShijiazhuang 050051China Electric Power Quantum Sensing Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research InstituteHefei 230601China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

Portable quantum sensors are crucial for developing practical quantum sensing and metrology *** nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in diamonds have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for compact quantum ***,due to the difficulty of coherently controlling the ensemble spin and noise suppression in a large volume,it often faces problems such as reduced sensitivity and narrowed bandwidth in integrated lensless ***,we propose a fluorescence signal treatment method for NV spin ensemble manipulation by the exponential fitting of spin polarization processes,instead of integrating the photon *** enables spin state readout with a high signal-to-noise ratio and applies to the pulse sensing protocols for large-volume NV *** on this,we further developed a fiberized diamond-based AC *** an XY8-N dynamical decoupling pulse sequence,we demonstrated a T_(2)-limited sensitivity of 8pT/√Hz and T_(1)-limited frequency resolution of 90 Hz over a wide frequency band from 100 kHz to 3 *** integrated diamond sensor leverages quantum coherence to achieve enhanced sensitivity in detecting AC magnetic fields,making it suitable for implementation in a compact and portable endoscopic sensor.

关键词： magnetometer quantum ensemble

考虑快慢车的城轨跨线运营开行方案与时刻表优化

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交通运输系统工程与信息 2024年第3期24卷 172-183页

作者：温芳柏赟陈垚北京交通大学综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室北京100044

跨线运营是城市轨道交通网络化运营的重要方向,跨线与快慢车组合运营可降低乘客出行时间。本文考虑跨线与快慢车组合模式,构建事件活动图刻画列车运行和乘客出行过程;考虑列车安全运行间隔和列车载客能力等约束,建立以乘客出行时间和列... 详细信息

跨线运营是城市轨道交通网络化运营的重要方向,跨线与快慢车组合运营可降低乘客出行时间。本文考虑跨线与快慢车组合模式,构建事件活动图刻画列车运行和乘客出行过程;考虑列车安全运行间隔和列车载客能力等约束,建立以乘客出行时间和列车走行成本最小化为目标的开行方案与时刻表综合优化模型,决策列车运行交路、停站方案、开行频率及各车次在各站的到发时刻;并针对综合优化模型,设计定制的变邻域搜索算法。案例结果表明,在组合模式下,列车走行成本增加了3%,换乘人次降低了82.5%,总乘客和跨线乘客的平均出行时间分别减少了1.3 min和5.3 min,乘客出行效益有明显提升;跨线与快慢车组合模式小幅增加了无需换乘乘客的出行时间,但大幅降低了跨线乘客的出行时间;换乘站换乘走行时间越长,宜开行的跨线列车频率越大,跨线运营降低乘客出行时间的效果越显著。

关键词：城市交通列车运行计划事件活动图跨线运营快慢车

纳米线电卡效应的表面应力与固溶改性相场模拟

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物理学报 2024年第10期73卷 50-58页

作者：邹幸朱哲方文啸湘潭大学材料科学与工程学院湘潭411100 中山大学集成电路学院深圳518107

以铁电纳米线为填料的复合薄膜表现出了满足固态制冷需求的高绝热温变,其平行分布填充的纳米线因和传统垂直分布的取向不同,被认为是获得大电卡效应的关键因素,然而其大电卡效应的内在机理尚不十分明确.因此本文以PbTiO_(3)纳米线为研... 详细信息

以铁电纳米线为填料的复合薄膜表现出了满足固态制冷需求的高绝热温变,其平行分布填充的纳米线因和传统垂直分布的取向不同,被认为是获得大电卡效应的关键因素,然而其大电卡效应的内在机理尚不十分明确.因此本文以PbTiO_(3)纳米线为研究对象,建立平行分布纳米线模型,通过相场模拟研究表面应力和固溶改性对其电卡效应的影响.结果表明,表面应力和固溶改性能够分别调控纳米线相变温度并获取大的绝热温变,并最终实现了在600 kV/cm电场下,0-300℃的宽温度区间获得大于6 K绝热温变的效果.同时结合三维畴结构的演变,揭示了诱发不同畴翻转类型是平行分布纳米线结构获得大电卡效应的内在机理.通过本研究为基于平行分布铁电纳米线电卡效应的固态制冷技术发展提供了有益的理论指导.

关键词：电卡效应纳米线表面应力固溶改性

Naoxueshu Oral Liquid Accelerates Post-Craniotomy Hematoma Absorption in Patients:An Open-Label,Multicenter,and Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第8期30卷 675-683页

作者： HE Qiu LIN Fu-xin SU Jin-ye ZHUO Ling-yunn ZHU Qing SUN Xiao-chuan JIANG Rong-cai YAO Zhi-gang WANG Lei DANG Yan-wei LIU De-zhong LIU Yang fang wen-hua WANG fang-yu LIN Yuan-xiang WANG An-xin WANG Deng-liang KANG De-zhi Department of Neurosurgery Neurosurgery Research InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350004China Department of Neurosurgery Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350209China Clinical Research and Translation Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350004China Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350004China Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350004China Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215000China Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400000China Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300000China Department of Neurosurgery The Third Hospital of ShijiazhuangShijiazhuang050000China Department of Neurosurgery The First College of Clinical Medical ScienceChina Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubei Province443000China Department of Neurosurgery Yichang Central People’s HospitalYichangHubei Province443000China Department of Neurosurgery Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of MedicineXiangfanHubei Province441100China Department of Neurosurgery Zhoukou Central HospitalZhoukouHenan Province466000China Department of Neurosurgery The Third Hospital of MianyangMianyangSichuan Province621000China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100000China China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100000China Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100000China Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical

Objective To investigate whether Naoxueshu Oral Liquid(NXS)could promote hematoma absorption in post-craniotomy hematoma(PCH)*** This is an open-label,multicenter,and randomized controlled trial conducted at 9 hospitals in *** aged 18–80 years with post-craniotomy supratentorial hematoma volume ranging from 10 to 30 mL or post-craniotomy infratentorial hematoma volume less than 10 mL,or intraventricular hemorrhage following cranial surgery were *** were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the NXS(10 mL thrice daily for 15 days)or control groups using a randomization code *** medical care was administered in both *** primary outcome was the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day *** secondary outcomes included the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 7,the absolute reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 7 and 15,and the change in neurological function from day 1 to day 7 and *** safety was closely monitored throughout the ***,subgroup analysis was performed based on age,gender,history of diabetes,and etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Results A total of 120 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned between March 30,2018 and April 15,*** patient was lost to follow-up in the control ***,there were 119 patients(60 in the NXS group and 59 in the control group)included in the *** the full analysis set(FAS)analysis,the NXS group had a greater percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15 than the control group[median(Q1,Q3):85%(71%,97%)vs.76%(53%,93%),P0.05).Furthermore,no adverse events were reported during the *** the FAS analysis,the NXS group exhibited a higher percentage reduction in hematoma volume on day 15 in the following subgroups:male patients,patients younger than 65 yea

关键词： post-craniotomy hematoma Naoxueshu Oral Liquid hematoma absorption randomized controlled trial Chinese medicine

跨线条件下城市轨道交通列车交路计划优化方法

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铁道学报 2024年第8期46卷 21-29页

作者：陈垚柏赟毛保华温芳北京交通大学综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室北京100044

跨线运营是城市轨道交通重点发展方向。针对跨线条件下列车交路计划编制问题,通过构造乘客出行时空网络图准确刻画复杂交路下的客流行为,建立以最小化列车走行公里与乘客出行时间成本为目标的混合整数规划模型。模型以列车交路方案、开... 详细信息

跨线运营是城市轨道交通重点发展方向。针对跨线条件下列车交路计划编制问题,通过构造乘客出行时空网络图准确刻画复杂交路下的客流行为,建立以最小化列车走行公里与乘客出行时间成本为目标的混合整数规划模型。模型以列车交路方案、开行比例与频率为决策变量,并针对跨线交路与本线交路的行车冲突,考虑非等间隔发车,确定列车发车时刻。设计基于交路及开行频率搜索与运行间隔协调的定制分解算法。案例结果表明,列车跨线方向与乘客换乘主方向一致时,跨线交路可同时提升企业运营与乘客出行效益。换乘出行导致的断面客流量差异是跨线交路开行方案设置的主要依据。研究结论可为运营企业制定列车交路计划提供依据,有助于提高网络运输效率。

关键词：城市轨道交通互联互通跨线运行交路方案服务网络

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磁场对血红蛋白氧合速率的影响

生物化学与生物物理进展 2024年第9期51卷 2210-2221页

作者：刘颜方彦雯张欣谢灿安徽医科大学生命科学学院合肥230032 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院强磁场科学中心合肥230031 和也健康科技有限公司和也智慧健康研究院湖州313300

目的血红蛋白是高等动物体内运输氧气的载体蛋白,本工作拟探究磁场对血红蛋白氧合的影响,并比较人和牦牛血红蛋白在磁场下氧合的差异。方法构建人和牦牛血红蛋白的重组表达纯化系统;分别将人和牦牛脱氧血红蛋白置于地磁场或外加磁场下,... 详细信息

目的血红蛋白是高等动物体内运输氧气的载体蛋白,本工作拟探究磁场对血红蛋白氧合的影响,并比较人和牦牛血红蛋白在磁场下氧合的差异。方法构建人和牦牛血红蛋白的重组表达纯化系统;分别将人和牦牛脱氧血红蛋白置于地磁场或外加磁场下,通过收集紫外可见光谱数据,计算氧合血红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白和高铁血红蛋白3种组分的浓度和比例,分析磁场对血红蛋白氧合速率的影响;使用超导量子干涉磁测量系统SQUID对人氧合血红蛋白和人脱氧血红蛋白进行磁性测量,探讨磁场影响血红蛋白氧合速率的可能机制。结果利用大肠杆菌原核表达系统成功表达并纯化得到了人和牦牛的血红蛋白样品。发现牦牛血红蛋白比人血红蛋白的氧合速率更快,外加0.3 T静磁场显著提高了血红蛋白的氧合速率,且牦牛血红蛋白比人血红蛋白对磁场更为敏感。结论本研究成功表达和纯化了人和牦牛血红蛋白,发现磁场促进了血红蛋白的氧合过程。磁场对血红蛋白氧合速率的影响可能与血红蛋白本身的磁学性质有关。这些发现为未来使用外加磁场作为辅助手段改善低氧症状提供了理论支撑,有望在临床中发挥作用。

关键词：血红蛋白磁场人血红蛋白牦牛血红蛋白氧合速率

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