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Long-term changes in the tree radial growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of Chuanxi spruce(Picea likiangensis ***) in southwestern China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第6期28卷 833-844页

作者： WANG Yang ZHANG Yong fang ouya SHAO Xuemei Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany CAS Beijing 100093 China

Elevated CO2 level in the atmosphere is expected and intrinsic water-use efficiency （iWUE）. Although current found the tree growth decline in water-limited area, it is st to improve the tree growth rates results inferring from tree rings unclear whether spruce trees in humid southwestern China benefit from the increasing 002. In this study, tree-ring width data were used to investigate the tree radial growth rate of Chuanxi spruce （Picea likiangensis var. balfouriana）. Moreover, combining with the tree-ring carbon isotope date, we analyzed the physiological responses of Chuanxi spruce to rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere （Ca） associated with climatic change in southwestern China. From 1851 to 2009, iWUE of Chuanxi spruce rose by approximately 30.4%, and the ratio of atmospheric CO2 to leaf in- tercellular C02 concentration （Cj/Ca） showed no significant trend in the study area. The result suggested that Chuanxi spruce used an active response strategy when Ca was significantly increased, iWUE showed a significant increasing trend in parallel with tree radial growth, indicating that the increasing iWUE resulted in an increase in radial growth. These results suggest that spruce forests in southwestern China have not shown declining trends under increasing Ca and climate change scenarios, in contrast to trees growing in water-limited areas. Therefore, spruce forests benefit from the increasing C02 in the atmosphere in the humid areas of southwestern China.

关键词： tree ring basel area increment carbon isotope intrinsic water-use efficiency C02 fertilization

山西忻州地区1900—2012年典型森林的健康历史

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生态学报 2018年第1期38卷 236-243页

作者：张启方欧娅山西师范大学生命科学学院临汾041004 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093

健康的森林对维持其区域生态系统服务起着至关重要的作用,了解树木的生长历史对评估气候变化背景下森林的健康状况具有促进作用。选择山西高原中北部忻州地区保存较好的4个森林为研究对象,利用树木年轮学方法分析其生长变化特征,获得了... 详细信息

健康的森林对维持其区域生态系统服务起着至关重要的作用,了解树木的生长历史对评估气候变化背景下森林的健康状况具有促进作用。选择山西高原中北部忻州地区保存较好的4个森林为研究对象,利用树木年轮学方法分析其生长变化特征,获得了该地区森林健康的时间和空间特征。结果表明:该地区森林在过去1个世纪中,存在3次不健康事件(1910—1940、1970—1987和1990—2012年)且在空间上表现出明显的同步性,不同时期的不健康事件持续时间和强度不尽相同,1930s的不健康事件持续时间最长也最为显着。树木径向生长与气象观测资料的相关分析显示,该地区森林生长主要与当年5—6月份温度呈负相关,与7月份降水和5—9月PDSI指数显着正相关。生长季持续的高温或降水减少造成的极端干旱事件是不健康事件空间一致性的主要驱动力,各采样点树种以及林分组成差异是影响时间特征不一致的可能原因。研究结果提供的森林健康历史数据对评估极端气候条件对森林健康生长的影响及制定合理的森林保护措施具有积极的现实意义。

关键词：森林健康生长历史山西忻州树木年轮

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山东蒙山森林冠层绿度与树干径向生长的关系

生态学报 2017年第22期37卷 7514-7527页

作者：汪舟方欧娅中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093 中国科学院大学北京100049

森林冠层绿度和树木年轮宽度是描述森林生长过程的重要指标,它们之间存在怎样的关系以及这种关系的稳定性如何目前还没有清晰的回答。森林冠层绿度通过遥感影像计算,在空间上连续,而树木年轮宽度是树木健康的综合指标,样点上具有代表性... 详细信息

森林冠层绿度和树木年轮宽度是描述森林生长过程的重要指标,它们之间存在怎样的关系以及这种关系的稳定性如何目前还没有清晰的回答。森林冠层绿度通过遥感影像计算,在空间上连续,而树木年轮宽度是树木健康的综合指标,样点上具有代表性。森林冠层绿度和树木年轮宽度的关系的研究能增进对森林生长的多角度理解和森林生长状况的尺度转换。在山东蒙山地区采集了4个赤松(Pinus densiflora)林样点的树木年轮样本,获得了树木年轮宽度数据,分析了增强型植被指数(Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI)与树木年轮宽度的关系。结果显示:1)对于健康森林,4月和6月的冠层绿度与树木年轮宽度存在因果关系;森林不健康时,两者关系较为复杂;2)其他月份冠层绿度与树干径向生长不存在因果关系,而是共同受其他环境因子,如气候因子的驱动;3)弱冠层绿度降低后5年内有显著的径向生长恢复,但是恢复年份少;强冠层绿度降低之前,树干径向生长已经开始降低,之后的5年内有着持续的径向生长降低。这些结果表明森林冠层绿度的降低并不能反映树干径向生长降低的开始,只有健康的森林冠层绿度和年轮宽度有相关关系。冠层绿度的降低对森林健康有强烈的影响,冠层绿度降低导致的径向生长的降低很难恢复。

关键词：年轮宽度增强型植被指数格兰杰因果分析叠加事件分析森林衰退赤松林

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三江源国家公园大果圆柏生长衰退历史研究

森林与环境学报 2019年第4期39卷 386-392页

作者：宋馥杉方欧娅中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093 中国科学院大学北京100049

树木在极端事件干扰下会发生生长衰退,然而,目前尚缺乏对此类衰退长时间尺度监测的研究。树木生长衰退历史能够提供长时间尺度的森林动态数据,利于准确评估极端事件对树木生长的影响。本研究选用三江源国家公园曲麻莱县原生大果圆柏作... 详细信息

树木在极端事件干扰下会发生生长衰退,然而,目前尚缺乏对此类衰退长时间尺度监测的研究。树木生长衰退历史能够提供长时间尺度的森林动态数据,利于准确评估极端事件对树木生长的影响。本研究选用三江源国家公园曲麻莱县原生大果圆柏作为研究对象,利用树木年轮学方法研究其生长衰退历史。研究结果表明,研究区内大果圆柏径向生长与生长季(5—6月)水分条件和生长季前(前一年10月)的平均温度均显著正相关,与生长季平均温度显著负相关。过去近4个世纪,研究区大果圆柏在1685—1695年、1741—1749年、1815—1824年树轮指数呈明显的下降趋势。以10a滑动平均树木生长变化百分率定义衰退,1686—1687年与1815—1817年,该大果圆柏森林树轮生长变化百分率达到-25%,表明1686—1697年,1815—1827年期间发生生长衰退。17世纪末小冰期和1815年印尼Tambora火山爆发及其引起的气候突变极有可能是这两次衰退事件的诱发原因,因此水热条件的急剧变化对树木生长具有关键的影响。20世纪50年代以来,在全球变暖背景下,曲麻莱县研究区内大果圆柏生长状况良好,几乎未发生生长抑制。该研究结果可为预测未来极端干扰对树木生长的影响提供依据,从而在区域林业管理中进行相应的森林保护,以维护三江源国家公园的生态功能。

关键词：树木年轮生长衰退历史气候变化森林健康

基于树轮资料重建森林净初级生产力的研究进展

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地理科学进展 2014年第8期33卷 1039-1046页

作者：方欧娅汪洋邵雪梅中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

森林净初级生产力(NPP)反映了森林植被固定和转换光合产物的能力,表示了森林碳汇功能强度,也是评价森林植被的演替状况以及陆地生态系统承载力的主要指标。基于遥感、清查资料等方法估算NPP已经取得了一些进展,但传统的研究方法受限于观... 详细信息

森林净初级生产力(NPP)反映了森林植被固定和转换光合产物的能力,表示了森林碳汇功能强度,也是评价森林植被的演替状况以及陆地生态系统承载力的主要指标。基于遥感、清查资料等方法估算NPP已经取得了一些进展,但传统的研究方法受限于观测(调查)年份,难以有效获取长时间尺度的区域森林种群或群落年际NPP。树轮资料较为有效地反映了历史时期森林植被的逐年生长状况,从而在估算高精度且长时间尺度区域森林种群及群落NPP中具有较大的优势。本文对利用树轮资料重建区域森林NPP的两种主要方法进行了总结,第一种方法主要是依据树轮资料提供的立木逐年生长量进行生物量以及NPP的估算;第二种方法则是利用树轮指数与其他植被指数的相关性间接反演过去时间段区域森林群落NPP的变化。上述两种估算NPP的方法均存在较多的限制性,未来利用树轮资料估算NPP的时空精度仍有待提高。

关键词：树轮净初级生产力生物量植被指数

Superior compound coatings prepared by low-temperature vanadium-nitrocarburizing duplex treatment

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1828-1835页

作者： Gen Jin fang-fang Xu Xun-Xun Hu Yue Xu School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China Guobiao(Beijing)Testing and Certification Co. LtdBeijing100088China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

Superior compound coatings were prepared on CK45 steel surface by vanadium-nitrocarburizing duplex treatment in low-temperature salt *** this study,the microhardness,the phase constitution and the compositional distribution in the coatings prepared under different conditions were systematically *** results indicated that the reactions among activated vanadium,carbon and nitrogen atoms occurred on the steel surface,leading to the formation of compound coatings composed of outermost and compound *** mechanism for the formation of compound layer as well as the growth kinetics of the layer was also *** the duplex treatment,the wear and corrosion resistances of steel surface were significantly *** was found that the growth kinetics of compound layer obeyed the parabolic law,with the activation energy of 122.82 kJ·moL^(-1).

关键词： Vanadium-nitrocarburizing duplex treatment Compound coatings Microstructure Formation mechanism Growth kinetics

Control of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Frequency Regulation Using a Coordinated Self-adaptive Method

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 175-184页

作者： Hongwei fang Zhiwei Yu School of Electrical and Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Tianjin Electric Power System Simulation and Control Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Power inverter adopting virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control can provide inertia support for distributed generation ***,it cannot take into account the dynamic regulation characteristics of ***,when the system encounters a sudden change in load or disturbance,the dynamic process of frequency regulation will be greatly *** view of this issue,an improved VSG control strategy based on a coordinated self-adaptive(CSA)method is *** time domain analysis method is used to study the influences of virtual inertia and damping parameter perturbation on the system steady and dynamic ***,in order to make the control strategy suitable for large load changes and suppress frequency variations beyond the limit,the secondary frequency modulation is introduced into the control *** the coordinated adaptive control of virtual inertia,virtual damping and frequency modulation,the dynamic performance of vSG frequency regulation can be obviously *** and experiment results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed CSA control strategy.

关键词： Coordinated self-adaptive method frequency regulation time domain analysis virtual synchronous generator

Microbe-induced gene silencing explores interspecies RNAi and opens up possibilities of crop protection

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 626-628页

作者： Rongxiang fang State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciencesand National Plant Gene Research CenterBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In most eukaryotes, small RNA(sRNA)-mediated RNA silencing(or RNA interference, RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression in a sequence-specific ***, s RNAs are produced by the RNase III enzymes Dicers and then incorporated into Argonaute(AGO) proteins to regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation.

关键词： protection conserved manner

A methodology for laser tool setters calibration and its precise mathematical model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第7期37卷 564-581页

作者： Tao fang Zixi fang Ze Zhong CHEN Zhiyong CHANG School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science Concordia UniversityMontrealQuebec H3G 1M8Canada Changsha Optimum CNC Corporation Changsha 410221China Institute for Aero-engine Smart Assembly of Shaanxi Province Xi’an 710072China

On-machine tool setting is a pivotal approach in achieving intelligent manufacturing,and laser tool setters have become a crucial component of smart machine *** tool setters play a crucial role in precisely measuring the dimensions of cutting tools during the part machining process,focusing on tool length and *** a measuring instrument,the positions of the laser axis of the laser tool setter need to be accurately calibrated before ***,in actual calibration scenarios,traditional calibration methods face challenges due to installation errors in the tool setter and geometric errors in the measuring *** address this issue,this study proposes a novel calibration ***,the calibration mechanism of the laser beam axis is *** on the accurate mathematical model of the laser beam and the measuring rod,and using the polygon clipping algorithm,the mathematical mechanism of the laser tool setter’s work is ***,a novel method is introduced to calculate the compensation distance between the laser beam reference point and the rod bottom center point at each moment during ***,by utilizing the kinematic chain of the tool setter calibration system,a new calibration method is developed to accurately calibrate the position of the laser beam axis in the machine tool coordinate ***,the accuracy of the calibration method is verified through simulation experiments and calibration *** method improves the calibration accuracy of the tool setter,and the mathematical model of the laser tool setter can be extended to the measurement of tools,thereby improving the precision of tool *** research significantly improves the efficient production performance of smart machine tools.

关键词： On-machine tool setting Smart machine tools Mathematical model Calibration method Laser tool sette