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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第2期43卷 120-129页

作者： Shihao Yang Zhaocai Wu yinxia fang Mingju Xu Jialing Zhang Fanlin Yang College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China School of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric PowerHangzhou 310018China Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

Mozambique's continental margin in East Africa was formed during the break-off stage of the east and west Gondwana lands. Studying the geological structure and division of continent-ocean boundary(COB) in Mozambique's continental margin is considered of great significance to rebuild Gondwana land and understand its movement mode. Along these lines, in this work, the initial Moho was fit using the known Moho depth from reflection seismic profiles, and a 3D multi-point constrained gravity inversion was carried out. Thus, highaccuracy Moho depth and crustal thickness in the study area were acquired. According to the crustal structure distribution based on the inversion results, the continental crust at the narrowest position of the Mozambique Channel was detected. According to the analysis of the crustal thickness, the Mozambique ridge is generally oceanic crust and the COB of the whole Mozambique continental margin is divided.

关键词： 3D constrained gravity inversion continent-ocean boundary Mozambique continental margin Moho depth

Cenozoic tectonic subsidence in the Southern Continental Margin, South China Sea

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第2期11卷 427-441页

作者： Penggao fang Weiwei DING yinxia fang Zhongxian ZHAO Zhibing FENG The Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China College of Marine Geoscience Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China

We analyzed two recently acquired multi- channel seismic profiles across the Dangerous Grounds and the Reed Bank area in the South China Sea. Reconstruction of the tectonic subsidence shows that the southern continental margin can be divided into three stages with variable subsidence rate. A delay of tectonic subsidence existed in both areas after a break-up, which was likely related to the major mantle convection during seafloor spreading, that was triggered by the secondary mantle convection below the continental margin, in addition to the variation in lithospheric thickness. Mean-while, the stage with delayed subsidence rate differed along strikes. In the Reed Bank area, this stage is between 32-23.8 Ma, while in the Dangerous Grounds, it was much later （between 19-15.5 Ma）. We believe the propagated rifting in the South China Sea dominated the changes of this delayed subsidence rate stage.

关键词： dangerous ground Reed Bank area tectonic subsidence secondary mantle convection propagated rifting

Effect of natural prolongation with geological features on maritime delimitation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第2期36卷 35-42页

作者： QIU Wenxian JIN Xianglong fang yinxia WANG Kui Guanghua Law School Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310008 China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entitled the coastal States to naturally extend the continental shelf, which has caused more drastic disputes of maritime delimitation. This paper devotes to clarifying the significant concept of natural prolongation through an effect method combing the legal principles and technical analysis. Firstly, the classic samples with respect of the development of geological features are traced. Based on these samples, the classification with a model is proposed in order to affirm the concept＇s significance under certain geomorphologic situations. Lastly, scientific analysis is used to present two potential prolongation situations and emphasize that all the technical analysis on maritime delimitation should be complied with international law and protect the common interest of all the mankind.

关键词： natural prolongation geological feature the continental shelf maritime delimitation

Methods and procedures to determine the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第12期32卷 126-132页

作者： WU Ziyin LI Jiabiao JIN Xianglong fang yinxia SHANG Jihong LI Shoujun Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences State Oceanic Administration The Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

This paper establishes techniques and methods to determine a variety of boundaries associated with 200 nautical miles beyond the continental shelf. The methods, based on topography, slope and second-deriv- ative profile integrated analysis, are now able to identify automatically the foot of the continental slope （FOS）. By analyzing the sedimentary profile, the points of 1% sediment thickness are recognized. Through the intersection, cut, deletion and mergence calculation of the extrapolated data set of fLxed-point series, the method succeeds in generating automatically the extrapolated boundaries, including the FOS＋60 M line, the 350 M line, and the 2500 m＋100 M line. In addition, based on the automatic analysis of the topographic profile, it can be applied to determine rapidly the points of maximum water depth. Taking the northern Okinawa Trough （OT） as an example, these methods are used to calculate and examine the boundaries in- cluded in the Submission by the People＇s Republic of China Concerning the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical miles in Part of the East China Sea （ECS）; the boundaries thus derived have a solid scientific and rational basis.

关键词： 200 nautical miles continental shelf demarcation methodology Okinawa Trough

The formation and tectonic evolution of Philippine Sea Plate and KPR

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第4期30卷 75-88页

作者： fang yinxia LI Jiabiao LI Mingbi DING Weiwei ZHANG Jie The Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

The Philippine Sea Plate has an extremely special tectonic background. As an oceanic plate,it is almost entirely surrounded by subduction zones with complex internal tectonic features. On the basis of enormous published literature,this paper offers a comprehensive overview of the tectonic and evolution history of the Philippine Basin and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge（KPR） in the Philippine Sea Plate,and discusses the geological features of KPR. Referring to relevant definitions of various ＂ridges＂ stipulated in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,so the KPR is believed to be a remnant arc formed during the opening of the Parece Vela and Shikoku Basins in the Philippine Sea Plate. It is a submarine ridge on oceanic plate rather than a submarine elevation. And thus,it is not a natural component of the Japan continental margin.

关键词： Philippine Sea Plate West Philippine Basin KPR submarine ridge

The crustal nature of the northern Mozambique Ridge,Southwest Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第7期40卷 170-182页

作者： Nelta David Matsinhe Yong Tang Chun-Feng Li Jiabiao Li Estevão Stefane Mahanjane He Li yinxia fang Institute of Marine Geology and Resources Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China College of Marine Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Institute National Petroleum(INP) Maputo 4724Mozambique

The Mozambique Ridge(MOZR)is one of the basement high structures located in the Southwest Indian Ocean,parallel to the Southeast African continental *** was formed as a result of the tectono-magmatic evolution of the Gondwana *** origin of the MOZR has been highly debated,with models suggesting either continental or oceanic *** new free-air gravity anomaly and multichannel seismic(MCS)reflection data,we present results of 2D density modeling along two seismic profiles acquired by R/V Xiangyanghong 10 at the northern Mozambique Ridge(N-MOZR)between 26°S and 28°*** observed high free-air gravity anomaly and strong positive magnetic anomaly related to the emplaced seaward dipping reflectors(SDR)and high density lower crustal body(HDLCB),and high Bouguer gravity anomaly associated with the thinning of the continental crust underneath the N-MOZR over a distance of~82 *** suggests a thinned and intruded continental crust bound by the Mozambique Fracture Zone(MFZ)that is characterized by gravity low and negative magnetic *** fracture zone marks the continent-ocean boundary(COB)while the N-MOZR is the transform margin high,i.e.,marks the continent-ocean transition(COT)of the Southern Mozambique margin,following the definition of transform *** suggest that the N-MOZR was formed by continental extension and subsequent breakup of the MFZ,accompanied by massive volcanism during the southward movement of the Antarctica *** presence of SDR,HDLCB,and relatively thick oceanic crust indicates the volcanic nature of this transform margin.

关键词： crustal nature northern Mozambique Ridge seaward dipping reflection gravity modeling continent-ocean transition continent-ocean boundary

Faulting, magmatism and crustal oceanization of the Okinawa Trough

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第3期28卷 40-49页

作者： GAO Jinyao ZHANG Tao fang yinxia YANG Chuanguo MEI Sai Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences of State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

The paper focuses on the characteristics of faulting and magmatism of the Okinawa Trough and the relation between them. En-echelon grabens are ranked oblique to the continental shelf edge uplift, and the Longwang uplift, the rifting block ridge in the northern segment and the ＂Mianhua uplift＂ in the southern segment have possibly preserved characteristics of volcanism and magmatism occurring with those rifting phases. The clockwise rotation of the southern Ryukyu Islands, driven by collision between Luzon and Taiwan, has played a key role in the crustal oceanization, enhancing the crustal extension of the southern segment and inducing volcanic magmatism in those grabens, among which the Yaeyama graben is a typical example of the presence of oceanic crust. Faulting and magmatism were mainly migrating towards the island arc asymmetrically. The crustal oceanization of the Okinawa Trough is difficultly interpreted by the linear magnetic anomaly model, which is fit for the symmetric spreading of the mid-oceanic ridges.

关键词： Okinawa Trough fault graben uplift oceanic crust volcanic magma

Paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第3期29卷 46-62页

作者： GE Qian CHU Fengyou XUE Zuo LIU J Paul DU Yuansheng fang yinxia Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences State Ocean Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Core ZHS-176 contains the paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea （NSCS） since the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. A coupled approach based on clay mineral assemblages, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, and calcium carbonate content is used to trace the sources of the fine-grained sediment and to investigate the paleoenviornmental evolution in this area. Clay mineral assemblages are dominated by illite （average about 39%） and chlorite （about 27%）, which comes mainly from Taiwan and the East China Sea. Kaolinite, which accounts for about 13%, comes mainly from the Zhujiang （Pearl） River, and Luzon Island is the main source for smectite （about 21%）. The planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic oscillations during the last glacial period are coeval with climate variations recorded in the Greenland ice core and Western Pacific sediment. These variations include the LGM, Heinrich event 1, Bφlling-Allerφd （B/A）, and Younger Dryas. For the Holocene, three periods of strong precipitation （S1-S3） and three periods of weak precipitation （W1-W3） are identified. The oxygen isotopic record exhibits corre-lation with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global tele-connection among regional climate. A brief, negative planktonic foraminiferal carbon isotopic excursion during B/A reflects increased methane released from marine gas hydrate due to the rapid warming of the water. By comparing calcium carbonate content curves of the core ZHS-176 with these of other five boreholes lying above the lysocline, a remarkable low calcium carbonate event is found during the early Holocene in NSCS.

关键词： clay mineral oxygen and carbon isotopes calcium carbonate content South China Sea paleoenvironmental evolution

南海礼乐滩碳酸盐台地的发育及其新生代构造响应

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地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2015年第12期40卷 2052-2066页

作者：方鹏高丁巍伟方银霞赵中贤国家海洋局第二海洋研究所浙江杭州310012 国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室浙江杭州310012 中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室广东广州510301

为了探索碳酸盐台地在海盆演化过程中的作用,对南海南部礼乐滩区域碳酸盐台地的发育及其与新生代构造沉降特征的相关性进行研究.对多道地震数据的分析表明:在研究区广泛发育包括碳酸盐台地和生物礁在内的碳酸盐沉积,其发育时间主要集中... 详细信息

为了探索碳酸盐台地在海盆演化过程中的作用,对南海南部礼乐滩区域碳酸盐台地的发育及其与新生代构造沉降特征的相关性进行研究.对多道地震数据的分析表明:在研究区广泛发育包括碳酸盐台地和生物礁在内的碳酸盐沉积,其发育时间主要集中在晚渐新世至早中新世期间,在中中新世后开始退积和淹没.通过对穿越礼乐滩区的两条NW-SE向测线NH973-2和DPS93-2的构造沉降反演,进行沉降量、沉降速率计算和构造分析.结果表明:沉降速率及沉降量随不同时期的构造活动而发生变化,可分为缓慢沉降期(古新世-早渐新世,张裂阶段)、隆升剥蚀期(晚渐新世-早中新世,漂移阶段)、加速沉降期(早中新世末期,后漂移阶段1)、强烈沉降期(中新世,后漂移阶段2)和稳定沉降期(晚中新世至今,后漂移阶段3)5个发育期.碳酸盐台地的发育期和南海海盆的漂移阶段相对应,构造沉降的分析表明该期间具有构造抬升作用,其与相对上升的海平面结合有利于碳酸盐沉积的发育.在南海扩张期间主地幔对流的控制下,南部陆缘区礼乐地块和礼乐滩盆地之间较大的地壳厚度差异会导致侧向上地温梯度的差异,从而形成礼乐滩盆地之下的次生对流.该次生对流控制了研究区在晚渐新世至早中新世期间的隆升剥蚀作用.

关键词：南海礼乐滩区域碳酸盐台地构造次生对流

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南海西南次海盆基底形态特征及控制因素

地学前缘 2019年第2期26卷 222-232页

作者：丁航航丁巍伟方银霞自然资源部第二海洋研究所浙江杭州310012 自然资源部海底科学重点实验室浙江杭州310012

本文解释了横穿南海西南次海盆的两条多道地震测线,对南海西南次海盆的基底形态特征进行了描述和分类,并讨论了基底形态与扩张速率之间的对应关系。研究结果表明,西南次海盆基底可以分为两种类型:类型1为岩浆作用主导的平坦基底,局部有... 详细信息

本文解释了横穿南海西南次海盆的两条多道地震测线,对南海西南次海盆的基底形态特征进行了描述和分类,并讨论了基底形态与扩张速率之间的对应关系。研究结果表明,西南次海盆基底可以分为两种类型:类型1为岩浆作用主导的平坦基底,局部有岩浆侵入;类型2为构造作用主导的掀斜断块。扩张速率的计算表明:N3测线所代表的西南次海盆北东段的半扩张速率在13～36mm/a之间周期性变化,而在NH973-1所代表的中段半扩张速率基本稳定在19mm/a左右,未有明显变化。海盆基底的类型变化与扩张速率的对应关系明显,在扩张速率较快的区域以类型1为主,而在扩张速率慢的区域以类型2为主。西南次海盆北东段扩张速率呈现周期性变化,相应海盆基底也表现为相间排列;而西南次海盆中段的基底比较单一,以类型2为主。南海西南次海盆北东段扩张时间更久,并可能存在周期性活动的岩浆房;而海盆中段海底扩张发生较晚,岩浆作用较弱,从而造成西南次海盆从北东到南西不同的基底形态特征。

关键词：西南次海盆基底类型扩张速率岩浆-非岩浆过程南海