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Canopy Temperature Depression as a Potential Selection Criterion for Drought Resistance in Wheat

Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第10期4卷 793-800页

作者： fan ting-lu Maria Balta Jackie Rudd William A Payne Dry land Agriculture Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070 P.R.China Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Texas A＆M University Bushland TX79012 USA

Field studies were conducted at Bushland, Texas, USA, in 2004 to examine usefulness of canopy temperature depression （CTD）, the difference of air-canopy temperature, in screening wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） genotypes for yield under dryland and irrigated. Forty winter wheat genotypes were grown under irrigation and dryland. CTDs were recorded after heading between 1 330 and 1 530 h on 6 clear days for dryland and 9 days for irrigation. Drought susceptible index （DSI） for each genotype was calculated using mean yield under dryland and irrigated conditions. Genotypes exhibited great differences in CTD under each environment. The dryland CTDs averaged 1.33℃ ranging from -0.67 to 2.57℃, and the average irrigation CTD were 4.59℃ ranging from 3.21 to 5.62℃. A low yield reduction was observed under dryland conditions relative to irrigated conditions for high-CTD genotypes. CTD values were highly negatively correlated with DSI under dryland, and genotypes of CTDs = 1.3℃ in dryland condition were identified as drought resistant. For 21 genotypes classified as drought resistant by DSI, their CTDs were 1.68℃ for dryland and 4.35℃ for irrigation on average; for 19 genotypes classified as drought susceptible by DSI, average CTD was 0.94℃ in dryland and 4.85℃ in irrigation. The high-yield genotypes consistently had high CTD values, and the low-yield ones had low CTD values for all measurements in dryland. After heading, genotypes maintained consistent ranking for CTD. Regression results for CTD and yield suggested that the best time for taking CTD measurement was 3-4 weeks after heading in irrigation but any time before senescence in dryland. Crop water stress index （CWSI） calculated from CTD data was highly correlated with CWSI calculated from yield, which suggesting traditional costly CWSI measurement may be improved by using portable infrared thermometers. Most importantly, grain yield was highly correlated with CTD under dryland （R^2 = 0.79-0.86） and irrigation （R^2 = 0.46-0

关键词： Canopy temperature depression Crop water stress index Drought susceptible index Winter wheat

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Response of dryland crops to climate change and drought-resistant and water-suitable planting technology:A case of spring maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2067-2079页

作者： fan ting-lu LI Shang-zhong ZHAO Gang WANG Shu-ying ZHANG Jian-jun WANG Lei DANG Yi CHENG Wan-li Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Dryland Areas in Gansu Province Lanzhou 730070P.R.China Dryland Agriculture Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070P.R.China

Climate change has a significant impact on ***,the impact investigation is currently limited to the analysis of meteorological data,and there is a dearth of long-term monitoring of crop phenology and soil moisture associated with climate *** this study,temperature and precipitation(1957-2020)were recorded,crop growth(1981-2019)data were collected,and field experiments were conducted at central and eastern Gansu and southern Ningxia,*** mean temperature increased by 0.36°C,and precipitation decreased by 11.17 mm per *** average evapotranspiration(ET)of winter wheat in 39 years from 1981 to 2019 was 362.1 mm,demonstrating a 22.1-mm decrease every 10 ***,the ET of spring maize was 405.5 mm over 35 years(1985-2019),which did not show a downward *** 10 years,growth periods were shortened by 5.19 and 6.47 d,sowing dates were delayed by 3.56 and 1.68 d,and maturity dates advanced by 1.76 and 5.51 d,respectively,for wheat and maize.A film fully-mulched ridge-furrow(FMRF)system with a rain-harvesting efficiency of 65.7‒92.7%promotes deep rainwater infiltration into the *** leads to double the soil moisture in-furrow,increasing the water satisfaction rate by 110‒160%.A 15-year grain yield of maize increased by 19.87%with the FMRF compared with that of half-mulched flat *** yield and water use efficiency of maize increased by 20.6 and 17.4%when the density grew from 4.5×10^(4)to 6.75×10^(4)plants ha-1 and improved by 12.0 and 12.7%when the density increased from 6.75×10^(4)to 9.0×10^(4)plants ha-1,***,responses of maize yield to density and the corresponding density of the maximum yield varied highly in different rainfall *** density parameter suitable for water planting was 174 maize plants ha-1 with 10 mm ***,management strategies should focus on adjusting crop planting structure,FMRF water harvesting system,and water-suitable planting to mitigate the adverse effects

关键词： climate change dryland maize and wheat plastic mulch water-suitable planting

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Two-dimensional bimetallic selenium-containing metal-organic frameworks and their calcinated derivatives as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第3期18卷 378-389页

作者： Zhao-ting SHANG Tang-ming LI Bing-qian HU Min LIU Wang-ting lu fan YU Yun ZHENG Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education College of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Department of Chemical Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

The use of two-dimensional(2D)layered metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as self-sacrificial templates has been proven to be a successful method to create high-efficiency Selenium(Se)-containing electrocatalysts for overall water ***,two strategies are then utilized to introduce Se element into the Co–Fe MOF,one being the etching of as-prepared MOF by SeO_(2) solution,and the other,the replacing of SCN−with SeCN−as the construction *** electrochemical activity of the pristine 2D MOF and their calcinated derivatives for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is evaluated and further *** is found that the effect of introducing Se on improving electrochemical catalytic activity is significant for the HER ***,the calcinated derivative in the replacing method exhibits an overpotential of 235 mV for HER and 270 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA/*** comparing the two methods of introducing Se element into MOF,similar electrocatalytic activity can be achieved on the their calcinated *** high electrochemical performance of 2D CoFe-MOF derivatives may be resulted from the unique 2D hierarchical porous structure and strong synergistic effect between different components in the material.

关键词： 2D MOF selenium(Se)-containing materials hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) oxygen evolution reaction(OER)

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Flexible and Stretchable Electrodes for In Vivo Electrophysiological and Electrochemical Monitoring

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第13期42卷 1523-1545页

作者： Kai-Kai Sheng Yi-Fei lu Wen-ting fan Yan-Ling Liu College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University WuhanHubei 430072China Core Facilty of Wuhan University WuhanHubei 430072China

In vivo monitoring of bioelectrical and biochemical signals with implanted electrodes has received great interest over the past ***,this faces huge challenges because of the severe mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electrodes and soft biological *** recent years,the emergence of flexible and stretchable electrodes offers seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces and has demonstrated significant advantages for in vivo electrochemical and electrophysiological *** review first summarizes the strategies for electrode fabrication from the point of substrate and conductive ***,recent progress in electrode functionalization for improved performance is ***,the advances of flexible and stretchable electrodes in exploring bioelectrical and biochemical signals are ***,we present some challenges and perspectives ranging from electrode fabrication to application.

关键词： Flexible electrodes Conductive materials Stretchable structures Electrode functionalization In vivo monitoring Biochemical signals Bioelectrical signals

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西北旱塬免耕的产量效应受降水特征和施肥显著影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第9期30卷 1694-1704页

作者：张建军党翼赵刚王磊周刚王淑英李尚中樊廷录胡靖宇王鹤龄张文菊甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 农业农村部西北旱地作物绿色低碳重点实验室/部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃兰州730020 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081

【目的】在冬小麦-夏春玉米轮作体系,研究不同降水年型条件下西北雨养农业区耕作与施肥对作物产量的影响,为西北旱塬作物高产稳产提供理论依据。【方法】基于2005年甘肃陇东旱塬设置的土壤耕作与培肥长期定位试验(3年冬小麦—1年春玉米)... 详细信息

【目的】在冬小麦-夏春玉米轮作体系,研究不同降水年型条件下西北雨养农业区耕作与施肥对作物产量的影响,为西北旱塬作物高产稳产提供理论依据。【方法】基于2005年甘肃陇东旱塬设置的土壤耕作与培肥长期定位试验(3年冬小麦—1年春玉米),主处理为传统耕作和免耕,副处理为不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P)、单施农家肥(M)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷配施农家肥(NPM)。结合对冬小麦和玉米产量的分析,探究不同耕作与施肥处理下作物产量在不同降水年型的差异机制。【结果】降水年型、耕作和施肥方式显著影响冬小麦和玉米产量。无论何种降水年型或耕作方式,配施有机肥的NPM处理作物产量(冬小麦3441 kg/hm^(2),春玉米8991 kg/hm^(2))均显著高于其他施肥处理,并且NPM处理对作物的增产效果在丰水年型更为明显。在丰水年型,相对于传统耕作,免耕处理的作物产量无明显差异,但在干旱及平水年型下,免耕冬小麦平均产量分别下降了15.6%和25.7%,玉米平均产量分别下降了17.9%和4.6%;与传统耕作相比,免耕处理下的冬小麦和玉米水分利用效率在干旱年型分别下降了6.7%和17.0%,冬小麦水分利用效率在平水年型下降了24.0%。免耕处理下土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于传统耕作。【结论】在西北半干旱雨养农业区,干旱及平水年型免耕虽然提高了土壤养分含量,但降低了作物水分利用效率,这是导致作物产量降低的主要原因。因此,需要根据降水情况选择耕作方式,提高西北黄土旱塬作物产量的稳定性。

关键词：黑垆土传统耕作免耕施肥冬小麦−春玉米轮作土壤养分产量水分利用效率

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Bioinspired designs in active metal-based batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 587-601页

作者： fan Zhang ting Liao Cheng Yan Ziqi Sun School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of TechnologyGeorge StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of TechnologyGeorge StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia QUT Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyGeorge StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

Active metal-based batteries are drawing increased attention because of their inherent high energy density and specific *** grand challenges,such as dendrite growth,electrode degradation,rapid performance fading,etc.,have limited their practical ***,which involves taking cues from the structures and functions of the natural world,can lead to a wealth of conceptually fresh approaches to regulator the metal ion transportation to achieve a dendrite-free metal plating,thwart the side-reaction reactions,and retard the structural distortions,for a more reliable and secure operation of active metal-based *** this review,we concentrate on the fabrication and application of bioinspired designs in active metal-based batteries with enhanced performance,along with discussion on the challenges and opportunities associated with this promising *** anticipate that this review can offer some insights into the development of functional materials by learning from nature and provide some approaches for the innovations of either the battery structures or the energy materials for metal-based batteries.

关键词： bioinspired materials energy storage devices metal-based batteries

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Crop Yield and Soil Responses to Long-Term Fertilization on a Red Soil in Southern China

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Pedosphere 2009年第2期19卷 199-207页

作者： ZHANG Hui-Min WANG Bo-Ren XU Ming-Gang fan ting-lu Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling Ministry of Agriculture of China and Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Resource and Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China Department of Agronomy Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China

A 15-year fertilization experiment with different applications of inorganic N,P and K fertilizers and farmyard manure (M)was conducted to study the yield and soil responses to long-term fertilization at Qiyang,Hunan Province,China. Average grain yields of wheat and corn(1 672 and 5 111 kg ha-1,respectively)for the treatment NPKM were significantly higher than those(405 and 310 kg ha-1)of the unfertilized control and single inorganic fertilizer *** with the corresponding initial values of the experiment,all treatments showed a yield decline of 9 to 111 kg ha-1 year-1 in wheat and 35 to 260 kg ha-1 year-1 in corn,respectively,and a significant pH decline of 0.07 to 0.12 pH year?1,except for the treatments PK and *** long-term fertilization,the soil organic C,soil available P,exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+and available Cu2+and Zn2+contents were higher in the treatment NPKM than in the treatments applied with inorganic fertilizer *** to the treatment NPK,the treatment NPKM,where manure partially replaced inorganic N,had a positive impact on arresting the decline of soil *** improved grain yields of wheat and corn, suggesting that application of NPK fertilizer in combination with farmyard manure is important to maintain soil fertility and buffering capacity in red soil.

关键词： corn long-term fertilization red soil wheat yield

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Separation of La(Ⅲ),Ce(Ⅳ)and Ca(Ⅱ)from bastnaesite using acidic phosphonic chitosan and rotating disk membrane

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 995-1000,I0007页

作者： Dandan lu Wenhui Li Linlin fan Yunren Qiu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China

The separation of rare earths is difficult due to their similar properties and the complex characteristics of associated vein o ***-ultrafiltration(CUF)and shear induced o rderly dissociation coupling with ultrafiltration(SIODUF)were used to separate metal ions(M,M=La(Ⅲ),Ce(Ⅳ)and Ca(Ⅱ))from simulated bastnaesite leaching solution using acidic phosphonic chitosan(aPCS)and rotating disk *** of simultaneous removal of metallic ions was investigated by CUF,and suitable conditions were obtained for C/M 10.0(mass ratio of complexant to metal ions)and pH *** shear stabilities of aPCS-M complexes were explored at different pH values and the results show that the complexes can dissociate at a certain rotational speed,the critical *** critical s hear rates of aPCS-La,aPCS-Ce and aPCS-Ca complexes at pH 5.0 were calculated as 1.42×10^(5).1.69×10^(5) and 9.75×10^(4) s^(-1),*** order of complexes shear stability is aPCS-Ca aPCS-La<*** high selective separation of M and regeneration of aPCS were achieved by SIODUF in the light of the difference of aPCSM complexes shear *** separation coefficientsβLa/Ce andβCa/La reach 31.2 and 53.9,respectively.

关键词： Bastnaesite Rare earths Complexation-ultrafiltration Acidic phosphonic chitosan Rotating disk membrane

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Rapid lithium-ion insertion/extraction and migration behavior of Na_(2)WO_(4)-encapsulated lithium-rich layered oxide cathode

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3647-3660页

作者： Yu-Shen Zhao fan-fan Wang Jian-Cang Wang Peng-Fei Wang ting-Feng Yi Jun-Hong Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyangShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province School of Resources and MaterialsNortheastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China

Due to the low cost,high working voltage and high storage capacity,Li-rich Mn-based layered compounds show promise as the cathode materials for lithiumion batteries(LIBs).However,the side reactions at the solid-liquid interface of the cathode will lead to rapid capacity decay and inferior rate ***,this article proposes a liquid-phase dispersion strategy to introduce a Na_(2)WO_(4)layer on the Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)-Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2) cathode,which can reduce the side effects between raw materials and electrolyte and promote the insertion/extraction rate of Li^(+),thus enhancing the material stability and rate *** a result,the capacity retention rate is 96.9%after 200 cycles under ***,the capacities are 177.5,149.5,111.1 and58.3 mAh·g^(-1)at 1C,2C,5C and 10C,implying a superior fast charging *** exceptional performance can be ascribed to both the increased conductivity and enhanced structural stability of the cathode ***'s more,based on the investigation of ion insertion/extraction behavior in electrode materials and the ion migration kinetics in the electrolyte,this study suggests that coating Li-rich Mn-based materials with Na_(2)WO_(4)can be a promising strategy to improve their performance in LIBs.

关键词： Li-ion battery Coating Rate performance Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)O_(2) Reaction kinetics

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Conversion of LiPSs Accelerated by Pt-Doped Biomass-Derived Hyphae Carbon Nanobelts as Self-Supporting Hosts for Long-Lifespan Li-S Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 49-58页

作者： Fengfeng Han Liwen fan Xinzhi Ma Huiqing lu lu Li Xitian Zhang Lili Wu Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and Electronic EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China

Rechargeable Li-S batteries(LSBs)are emerging as an important alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),owing to their high energy densities and low cost;yet sluggish redox kinetics of LiPSs results in inferior cycle ***,we prepared multifunctional self-supporting hyphae carbon nanobelt(HCNB)as hosts by carbonization of hyphae balls of Rhizopus,which could increase the S loading of the cathode without sacrificing reaction *** platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were introduced into HCNBs(PtHCNBs)by ion-beam sputtering *** on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses,the introduced trace Pt regulated the local electronic states of heteroatoms in *** kinetics investigation combined with operando Raman measurements revealed the accelerated reaction mechanics of sulfur *** from the synergistic catalytic effect and the unique structures,the as-prepared PtHCNB/MWNCT/S cathodes delivered a stable capacity retention of 77%for 400 cycles at 0.5 C with a sulfur loading of 4.6 mg cm^(-2).More importantly,remarkable cycling performance was achieved with an high areal S loading of 7.6 mg cm^(-2).This finding offers a new strategy to prolong the cycle life of LSBs.

关键词： high areal capacity high S loading hyphae carbon nanobelt lithium-sulfur battery operando Raman

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