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半干旱沙漠中樟子松和沙柳造林后土壤有机碳及其组分的小尺度空间分布

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第1期15卷 141-154页

作者： Zhilong Lan Shaolei Zhang Tanveer Ali Sial Luyao Wu Wenqian Chang Xiong Li Jianguo Zhang jinglong fan Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Taklimakan Desert Research Station Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesKorla 841000China

半干旱沙漠造林有助于改善土壤功能以及增加土壤有机碳(SOC)固定,但人们对造林后SOC及其不稳定(LOC)组分的小尺度空间分布了解甚少。本研究以毛乌素沙地东南缘樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)和沙柳(Salix psammophila)为研究对象,量化了距离... 详细信息

半干旱沙漠造林有助于改善土壤功能以及增加土壤有机碳(SOC)固定,但人们对造林后SOC及其不稳定(LOC)组分的小尺度空间分布了解甚少。本研究以毛乌素沙地东南缘樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)和沙柳(Salix psammophila)为研究对象,量化了距离树体20、80、150和240 cm处SOC、LOC组分及其相关变量的小尺度空间分布。研究结果表明,沙柳和樟子松造林显著提高了SOC、总氮(TN)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物碳(MBC)和易氧化有机碳(ROOC)含量;在距离树体20 cm处,0-100 cm土层樟子松SOC储量比沙柳高27.21%;在距离树体80和150 cm处,沙柳SOC储量分别比樟子松高5.50%和5.66%;与流沙地相比,在距离树体20、80、150和240 cm处,沙柳和樟子松SOC储量显著增加了94.90%、39.50%、27.10%和18.50%;沙柳和樟子松ROOC分别占SOC的14.09%和18.93%。总之,造林促进了半干旱流沙地SOC的积累,樟子松比沙柳分配更多的有机质到距离树体<80 cm范围内的土体中。

关键词：造林土壤有机碳不稳定有机碳毛乌素沙地小尺度空间分布

Damage by wind-blown sand and its control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第1期13卷 98-106页

作者： LI Congjuan WANG Yongdong LEI Jiaqiang XU Xinwen WANG Shijie fan jinglong LI Shengyu National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Taklimakan Desert Research Station Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesKorla 841000China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052China

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert *** desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global *** Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh *** Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan *** has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,***,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the ***,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since *** solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since ***,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance *** study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert ***,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and pl

关键词： wind-blown sand sand barrier fences artificial shelterbelt mechanical sand control measure biological sand control measure sustainable development Taklimakan Desert Highway

Characteristics of the soil microbial population in forest land irrigated with saline water in the desert area

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第2期2卷 107-115页

作者： Jin, ZhengZhong Lei, JiaQiang Xu, XinWen Li, ShengYu fan, jinglong Zhao, SiFeng Chinese Acad Sci Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Key Lab Oasis Ecol & Desert Environm Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China Shihezi Univ Coll Agr Shihezi 832003 Peoples R China

The study of soil microbial populations and diversity is an important way to understanding the soil energy process. In this study we analyzed the characteristics of soil microbial populations of the Tarim Desert Highway shelter-forest, by identifying microbial fatty acids and using methods of conventional cul- tivation. The results illustrated that the amount of soil microbial activity and the diversity of soil microbial fatty acid increased significantly with the plantation age of the shelter-forest; the soil microbial population was dominated by bacteria. The fatty acids of C14 0, C15 0, C16 0, C17 0, C18 1ω9, C18 0, C18 2ω6 and C21 0 were found to be dominant soil microbial fatty acids in the shelter-forest soil. Prin- cipal analysis and regression analysis showed that (1) concentrations of fatty acids of C14 0, C16 0 and C18 0 could be used as indicators of total soil microbial population; (2) soil bacteria and actinomycetes populations were closely correlated with the amount of fatty acids of C15 0 and C17 0; and (3) soil fungi were closely correlated with the amount of fatty acids of C18 1ω9 and C18 2ω6.

关键词： desert shelter forest soil microbial population phospholipids fatty acid

Effect of the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway on air temperature and humidity

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 41-52页

作者： WANG HaiFeng LEI JiaQiang LI ShengYu fan jinglong LI YingGang SUN ShuGuo CHANG Qing Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The temperature and humidity of the shelterbelt micro-climate on both horizontal and vertical scales in the extremely drought area were measured with multiple HOBO temperature and humidity automatic observation equipments in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. The results show that the shelterbelt ecosystem of the desert highway plays typical micro-climate adjustment rolesin stabilizing surface air temperature and increasing air humidity, and so on. Solar radiation significantly affects both temperature and humidity of surface layers, and it has a positive correlation with the temperature but a negative correlation with the air humidity. When it is cloudy, the weather has a great impact on keeping temperature and humidity in the shelterbelt. The shelterbelt also significantly influences the environment, and the micro-climate in the belt has an obvious characteristic of cooling and humidification: compared with the original sand area, the temperature in the shelterbelt is always lower and the humidity is always higher. Moreover, the temperature range at the shelterbelt edge is greater than that in the sand area, but the humidity is always higher. Our conclusion is that the vertical-effect range of temperature of the shelterbelts is 4 -10 m, and the humidity range is 6 to 8 m; the horizontal-effect range of temperature is 16 m and the humidity range is about 24 m.

关键词： shelterbelt extremely drought area micro-climate temperature and humidity boundary

Comprehensive eco-environmental effects of the shelter-forest ecological engineering along the Tarim Desert Highway

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 190-202页

作者： LEI JiaQiang LI ShengYu JIN ZhengZhong fan jinglong WANG HaiFeng fan DongDong ZHOU HongWei GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tarim Branch PetroChina Company LimitedKorla 841000China

In this work, we report a comprehensive study about the eco-environmental effects of the shelter forest along the Tarim Desert Highway, including the effects on aeolian environment, soil, micro-climate, biodiversity, and groundwater. The results show that: (1) The movement of windblown sand near the ground surface was affected by the shelter forest. The wind speed and sediment transport rate in the shelter forest decreased by 64%―80% and 87.45%―99.02%, respectively. In addition, there were also significant changes in the sand flux structure, the sand grain size, and the deflation and deposition on the ground surface. (2) Compared to the natural mobile sand, the soil bulk density in the forest area decreased while the total salt content, the total porosity, and the water content increased. In addition, the soil fertility was significantly improved in the forest area, and showed the "first rapid, then slow" variation pattern. (3) The shelter forest showed positive effects on the micro-climate. Within the 6 m height above the ground, the air temperature in the shelter forest at different heights was lower than that in the mobile sand, while the air humidity was higher, while, the soil temperature was also lower in the shelter forest than mobile sand. (4) The number of soil microbial species increased significantly with the improvement of habitat in the shelterbelt. However, the population of different species was not distributed evenly across the surveyed area. (5) Currently, no significant effects of groundwater-pumping and forest-irrigation water have been found on the groundwater level and its salinity. The variation amplitude of both groundwater level and salinity was at the level of centimeters and 1g/L, respectively. No obvious variation trend has been observed.

关键词： desert shelter-forest engineering environmental effect aeolian environment biodiversity

The temporal and spatial fluctuation of the groundwater level along the Tarim Desert Highway

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 53-62页

作者： fan jinglong XU XinWen LEI JaQiang ZHAO JingFeng LI ShengYu WANG HaiFeng ZHANG JianGuo ZHOU HongWei Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011China Graduate University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049China Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla 841000China

In this work, a groundwater monitor section along the Tarim Desert Highway was set up, and the groundwater level data were recorded. The temporal and spatial fluctuations of the groundwater level were analyzed based on the groundwater level measurements, hydrologic data, the groundwater/surface water interconversion theory and the groundwater dynamics. The spatial distribution of groundwater is mostly affected by sand dune height and landform variation. The four primary temporal influence factors of groundwater level can be ordered in decreasing significance as: shelterbelt pumping > vertical leakage > river flow change > runoff replenishment. The runoff replenishment has the biggest influence range, and the shelterbelt pumping has the smallest influence range. The groundwater level fluctuates annually in a natural pattern.

关键词： Tarim Desert Highway groundwater level temporal and spatial variation

The salt accumulation at the shifting aeolian sandy soil surface with high salinity groundwater drip irrigation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 63-70页

作者： ZHANG JianGuo XU XinWen LEI JiaQiang SUN ShuGuo fan jinglong LI ShengYu GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate Universities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Tarim Branch PetroChina Company LimitedKorla 841000China

The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip irrigation. It was found that in one irrigation cycle, the EC of the shallow shifting aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) increased while the water content decreased. The EC of the surface aeolian sandy soil at the wetting front was far greater than that of the wetting area or the outside of the wetting area. During the irrigation cycle, the EC of the wetting front and the wetting area changed at a significant magnitude, whereas the EC of the outside of the wetting area remained largely steady. The horizontal influence distance of drip irrigation on the salt accumulation at the soil surface was about 100 cm, and the vertical influence depth was 5 cm. The three most abundant ions in the accumulated salt at the aeolian sandy soil surface were Na+, Cl- and SO42-. The salt accumulation at the soil surface was influenced by air temperature, wind speed, mineralization of irrigation water, sand burial thickness, soil texture, and litter content.

关键词： hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert drip irrigation with saline water salt accumulation at soil surface shifting aeolian sandy soil influence factors

Topographical changes of ground surface affected by the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 8-21页

作者： LI ShengYu LEI JiaQiang XU XinWen WANG HaiFeng fan jinglong GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo GONG Qing ZHENG Wei Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tarim Branch PetroChina Company LimitedKorla 841000China Weather Station of Tazhong Qiemo 841000China

To study the effects of sand protection project on modern aeolian landform, the types, distribution, and intensity of topographical changes of the ground surface affected by the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway were determined by measuring the deflation and deposition of sand surface in the Tazhong area located in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. The results showed that (1) the newly-formed landform in sand protection systems is dominated by aeolian deposition including the small-scale Nabkha Dunes, the medium-scale sheet-like sand deposition and the large-scale ridge-like sand deposition. To some degree, aeolian deflation landform can also be formed in the open space in the shelterbelt. Furthermore, it is difficult for aeolian deflation landform to develop in a large scale in the interdunes. However, aeolian deflation landform can be developed in a large-scale on the windward slope of secondary dunes in longitudinal complex sand ridges; (2) on the windward side of the sand protection systems, both the morphology and strike of dwarf mobile dunes in the interdunes are changed by the sand-obstructing forest belts and the ridge-like sand deposition around it. The wind- ward slope of the ridge-like deposition around the sand-obstructing forest belt forms a stable ground surface. After being damaged by forward-moving dunes in a short period, the ground surface is re- covered gradually; (3) on the leeward side of the sand protection systems, aeolian deflations are formed widely. Particularly, the deflation depression is formed in the interdunes. In addition, the dunes in the region with highly topographic relief are cut flat by aeolian deflations; thereafter its relief of to- pography is reduced. The above analysis indicates that shelterbelts have obvious effects on the windward wind-sand flux in terms of dissipating energy and intercepting sand. With the recovery of wind velocity on the leeward side of the sand protection systems, the wind-sand flux gra

关键词： aeolian landform deflation and deposition of sand surface shelterbelt Tarim Desert Highway

台特玛湖干涸湖盆两种典型风蚀坑的三维流场特征及对风蚀的影响

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干旱区地理 2022年第6期45卷 1784-1794页

作者：崔珂军李生宇王海峰范敬龙中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心新疆乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站新疆石河子832000 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠研究站新疆库尔勒841000 中国科学院大学北京100049

台特玛湖干涸湖盆区风蚀沙漠化快速发展,发育了以新月形沙丘和风蚀坑(主要为槽状坑和碟状坑)为主的风沙地貌。风蚀坑的发育不仅受来流风影响,还与坑内三维流场有关。基于风洞实验和计算机流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)... 详细信息

台特玛湖干涸湖盆区风蚀沙漠化快速发展,发育了以新月形沙丘和风蚀坑(主要为槽状坑和碟状坑)为主的风沙地貌。风蚀坑的发育不仅受来流风影响,还与坑内三维流场有关。基于风洞实验和计算机流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)数值模拟,对风蚀坑三维流场进行了探究。结果表明:(1)从入风侧到出风侧,槽状风蚀坑和碟状风蚀坑底面的风速均呈减速—加速—减速—加速的变化模式,上口所在水平面的风速变化呈加速—减速—加速变化模式,上口气流压强也相应地发生变化,槽状风蚀坑和碟状风蚀坑整体呈低压—高压—低压变化模式,其中槽状坑变化更为明显。(2)两种形状风蚀坑对气流均具有一定的吸附效应,使坑外一定范围的风沙流被吸入坑内,聚集能量和风沙流,加剧风蚀坑风蚀发育。(3)风蚀坑加剧了地表侵蚀,侵蚀程度与风蚀坑尺度有关,风蚀坑尺度越大,对地表侵蚀越强。本文直观展示了两种典型风蚀坑中的三维速度、压力、风沙流流向分布,揭示了风蚀坑的风沙流吸附机制,研究结果可加深对风蚀坑形态动力学的理解,也可为内陆干涸湖盆沙漠化防治提供理论指导。

关键词：风蚀坑风洞实验 CFD数值模拟风沙流