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Characteristics of Rainfall Erosivity Based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Data in Tibet, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第6期10卷 1008-1017页

作者： fan jian-rong CHEN Yang YAN Dong GUO Fen-fen Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences University o f the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma

Rainfall erosivity in Tibet from 2000 to 2OlO was estimated based on simplified erosion prediction model using daily rainfall data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Misssion （TRMM） 3B42 rainfall measurement algorithm. Semi- monthly erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were validated using weather station data. The spatial distribution of annual rainfall erosivity as well as its seasonal and annual variation in Tibet was also examined. Results showed that TRMM 3B42 data could serve as an alternative data source to estimate rainfall erosivity in the area where only data from sparsely distributed weather stations are available. The spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in Tibet generally resembles the distribution of multi-year average of annual rainfall. Annual rainfall erosivity in Tibet decreased from the southeast to the northwest. The concentration degree of rainfall erosivity shows an increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest. High rainfall erosivity accompanies low rainfall erosivity concentration degree and vice versa. Rainfall erosivity increased in the middle and western Tibet and decreased in the southeastern Tibet during the 11 years of this study.

关键词： Rainfall erosivity TRMM 3B42 data Tibet Temporal distribution Spatial distribution

Simulation of the landform change process on a purple soil slope due to tillage erosion and water erosion using UAV technology

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第6期17卷 1333-1344页

作者： YANG Chao SU Zheng-an fan jian-rong fanG Hai-dong SHI Liang-tao ZHANG jian-hui HE Zhou-yao ZHOU Tao WANG Xiao-yi Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture Sciences Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesYuanmou 651300China Forestry College Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

Both tillage erosion and water erosion are severe erosional forms that occur widely on sloping agricultural ***,previous studies have rarely considered the process of landform change due to continuous simulation experiments of alternating tillage erosion and water *** identify such changes,we applied a scouring experiment(at a 60 L min-1 water discharge rate based on precipitation data from the local meteorological station and the catchment area in the Yuanmou County,Yunnan Province,China)and a series of simulated tillage experiments where plots were consecutively tilled 5,10,and 15 times in rotation(representing 5 yr,10 yr,and 15 yr of tillage)at slope gradients of 5°,10°,and 20°.Close-range photogrammetry(CRP)employing an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and a real-time kinematic global positioning system(RTK-GPS)was used to measure landform changes,and highresolution digital elevation models(DEMs)were generated to calculate net soil loss ***,the CRP was determined to be accurate and applicable through the use of erosion *** average tillage erosion rates were 69.85,131.45,and 155.34 t·hm-2·tillage pass-1,and the average water erosion rates were 1892.52,2961.76,and 4405.93 t·hm-2·h-1 for the 5°,10°,and 20°sloping farmland plots,*** water erosion rates increased as tillage intensity increased,indicating that tillage erosion accelerates water *** these intensive tillage treatments,slope gradients gradually decreased,while the trend in slope gradients increased in runoff plots at the conclusion of the scouring *** to the original plots(prior to our experiments),interactions between tillage and water erosion caused no obvious change in the landform structure of the runoff plots,while the height of all the runoff plots *** findings showed that both tillage erosion and water erosion caused a pseudo-steady-state landform evolutionary mechanism and resulted in thin soil layers on cultivat

关键词： Landform change Tillage erosion Water erosion Close range photogrammetry Erosion pins Runoff plot

Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第9期14卷 1677-1688页

作者： fan jian-rong ZHANG Xi-yu SU Feng-huan GE Yong-gang Paolo TAROLLI YANG Zheng-yin ZENG Chao ZENG Zhen Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry University of Padova Agripolis viale dell'Universita 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy Sichuan Remote Sensing Information Surveying and Mapping Institute Uhengdu 610100 Uhina Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Emergency Mapping & Disaster Reduction/Sichuan Geomatics Center Chengdu 610041 China

At 5:39 am on June 24, 2017, a landslide occurred in the village of Xinmo in Maoxian County, Aba Tibet and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(Sichuan Province, Southwest China). On June 25, aerial images were acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), and a digital elevation model(DEM) was processed. Landslide geometrical features were then analyzed. These are the front and rear edge elevation, accumulation area and horizontal sliding distance. Then, the volume and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the deposit were calculated from the difference between the DEM available before the landslide, and the UAV-derived DEM collected after the landslide. Also, the disaster was assessed using high-resolution satellite images acquired before the landslide. These include Quick Bird, Pleiades-1 and GF-2 images with spatial resolutions of 0.65 m, 0.70 m, and 0.80 m, respectively, and the aerial images acquired from the UAV after the landslide with a spatial resolution of 0.1 m. According to the analysis, the area of the landslide was 1.62 km2, and the volume of the landslide was 7.70 ± 1.46 million m3. The average thickness of the landslide accumulation was approximately 8 m. The landslide destroyed a total of 103 buildings. The area of destroyed farmlands was 2.53 ha, and the orchard area was reduced by 28.67 ha. A 2-km section of Songpinggou River was blocked and a 2.1-km section of township road No. 104 was buried. Constrained by the terrain conditions, densely populated and more economically developed areas in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River basin are mainly located in the bottom of the valleys. This is a dangerous area regarding landslide, debris flow and flash flood events Therefore, in mountainous, high-risk disaster areas, it is important to carefully select residential sites to avoid a large number of casualties.

关键词： Xinmo Landslide Geological disaster Remote Sensing Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) Digital elevation model(DEM) Satellite data

Impoverishment of Soil Nutrients in Gully Erosion Areas in Yuanmou Basin

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2003年第03B期8卷 1034-1040页

作者： Zhang jian-guo, Li Hui-xia, He Xiao-rong, Sheng Xin-ju, fan jian-rong, Zhu BoInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 SichuanChina

The impoverishment of soil nutrients of nine gully head areas in Yuanmou Basin is assessed through an integrated evaluation method established on the basis of Fuzzy mathematics and multivariate mathematical theory. Results show that soil erosion of gully erosion area in Yuanmou basin has resulted in severe impoverishment of soil nutrients. All gully head areas are at high leves of impoverishment except for one at middle. By probing into and analyzing the mechanism of impoverishment of soil nutrients, we find that soil erosion has led to impoverishment of soil nutrients in a way of compacting soil, heightening position of obstacle horizon, and reducing the content of organic matter, as well as the direct loss of nutrient elements. Finally, this paper points out that soil and water conservation arming at the prevention of soil erosion is the most effective way against impoverishment of soil nutrients in Yuanmou basin.

关键词： dry red soil soil erosion soil nutrients impoverishment integrated evaluation

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基于RFID的病理标本管理系统设计与实现

计算机工程与设计 2018年第6期39卷 1788-1794页

作者：范健威傅蓉南方医科大学生物医学工程学院广东广州510515

目前病理标本大多采用人工管理模式,费时费力,容易出现标本错检漏检的情况。针对这种现状,提出一种基于RFID技术的病理标本实时追踪与自动管理系统的解决方案。利用无源高频标签作为标本标识编码的载体,使用RFID读写器和串口-网口服务... 详细信息

目前病理标本大多采用人工管理模式,费时费力,容易出现标本错检漏检的情况。针对这种现状,提出一种基于RFID技术的病理标本实时追踪与自动管理系统的解决方案。利用无源高频标签作为标本标识编码的载体,使用RFID读写器和串口-网口服务器搭建多个RFID数据采集和网络传输节点,实现对标本接收、流转、回收的实时监控。相比条形码和二维码,该项技术允许同时标记和识别多个目标对象,减少手工操作的步骤,在耐用性、识别速度和使用效率方面具有明显的优势。

关键词：射频识别实时追踪自动化管理病理标本串口服务器

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长江上游生态系统土壤保持重要性评价及分区

长江科学院院报 2012年第11期29卷 22-27,41页

作者：刘青范建容中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

长江上游是我国西部重要的生态屏障,开展该区的生态系统土壤保持重要性评价级及分区将为长江上游生态系统功能保护区规划的制定提供科学依据。在长江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的基础上,结合土壤侵蚀现状,滑坡泥石流的危害,以及土壤侵蚀对... 详细信息

长江上游是我国西部重要的生态屏障,开展该区的生态系统土壤保持重要性评价级及分区将为长江上游生态系统功能保护区规划的制定提供科学依据。在长江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的基础上,结合土壤侵蚀现状,滑坡泥石流的危害,以及土壤侵蚀对河流、水库等洪水调控能力的影响程度,确定土壤保持重要区域,并根据河流泥沙输移能力分布情况以及土壤保持重要性相同等级成片集中分布且地貌类型一致原则,将长江上游生态系统分为土壤保持极重要区、重要区、较重要区、中等重要区、一般重要区总共5个类型区,对科学地开发利用长江上游土地资源有重要的指导意义。

关键词：长江上游土壤保持重要性评价重要性分区

同方期刊数据库博看期刊评论

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长江河口电厂温排水输运扩散数值模拟

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2017年第2期 126-137,147页

作者：吴宇帆朱建荣华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室上海200062

本文建立长江河口温排水三维数值模式,模拟华能石洞口第一电厂二期改进工程和综合考虑整个长江河口电厂夏季温排水输运扩散,分析温排水对敏感目标的影响.受长江径流和混合作用,温排水沿南支南岸向下游输运扩散.在仅考虑本工程情况下,在... 详细信息

本文建立长江河口温排水三维数值模式,模拟华能石洞口第一电厂二期改进工程和综合考虑整个长江河口电厂夏季温排水输运扩散,分析温排水对敏感目标的影响.受长江径流和混合作用,温排水沿南支南岸向下游输运扩散.在仅考虑本工程情况下,在排水口附近温升出现了超过2.0℃的区域,但在取水口温排水的影响微小,温升仅为0.04℃左右.全潮平均表层温升3.0、2.0、1.0℃的面积分别为0.12、0.6、1.42 km^2.潮周期和全潮平均温升1℃包络线未进入陈行水库水源地保护区.在综合考虑整个长江河口电厂情况下,温升超过1℃的影响范围大,主要分布在太仓发电厂至外高桥发电厂下游沿南支南岸约50 km的水域内.华能发电厂附近和下游水域温升显著,出现了温升超过4℃的较大范围.全潮平均表层温升3.0、2.0、1.0℃的面积分别为2.34、4.16、13.52 km^2.沿本工程取水口和排水口断面,温升沿岸大、离岸小,在近岸出现垂向分层.温升1℃等温线侵入了陈行水库水源地保护区.在陈行水库水源地二级保护区内大潮、中潮、小潮和全潮平均温升1℃的面积分别为1.9、1.82、1.75和1.83 km^2.长江河口电厂夏季排放温排水对青草沙水库和东风西沙水库水源地保护区,以及九段沙湿地自然保护区和崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区均没有影响.

关键词：长江河口温排水数值模拟输运扩散

基于MODIS叶面积指数的大渡河流域作物生态需水研究

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长江流域资源与环境 2009年第10期18卷 976-984页

作者：严冬范建容欧国强中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

利用大渡河流域30年的气象资料,采用FAO最新修订的Penman-Monteith方程计算流域参考作物腾发量。同时获取大渡河流域2007年内45期MODIS LAI数据,根据叶面积指数与作物系数的经验关系得到作物系数2007年年内的变化情况,利用GIS中的Zonalm... 详细信息

利用大渡河流域30年的气象资料,采用FAO最新修订的Penman-Monteith方程计算流域参考作物腾发量。同时获取大渡河流域2007年内45期MODIS LAI数据,根据叶面积指数与作物系数的经验关系得到作物系数2007年年内的变化情况,利用GIS中的Zonalmean函数对大渡河流域平均作物生态需水量年内变化进行估算。在根据年干燥度进行干湿区划的基础上,对作物生态需水来源进行分析。结果表明:大渡河流域2007年内生态需水总量为618.8 mm,月平均值为51.6 mm。其中作物生态需水量年内变化过程为夏季最高,占全年总需水量的35.7%,春季、秋季、冬季生态需水量逐渐减少分别占全年总量的30.4%、20.1%和13.8%。在雨季,降水完全可以满足流域生态需水量,降水是这一时期生态需水的主要来源。在旱季,半干旱区的生态需水来源受区域干燥度的影响较大,越干燥的地区降水占作物生态需水百分比就越高;半湿润区作物生态需水来源仍以降水为主,但降水占作物生态需水百分比除了受区域干燥度影响之外,可能还受到其它因素如:陡坡耕地占耕地总面积的比例的影响。

关键词： MODIS 叶面积指数作物生态需水量大渡河流域

地震诱发崩塌滑坡敏感性评价--以北川县为例

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四川大学学报（工程科学版） 2009年第3期41卷 140-145页

作者：张建强范建容严冬郭芬芬苏凤环中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

以汶川地震重灾区四川省北川县为例,对研究区进行崩塌滑坡敏感性评价,并探究地震诱发的崩塌滑坡的分布规律。研究建立研究区崩塌滑坡空间数据库,选取距断裂带距离、坡度、坡型、高差、地层岩性等5个因素作为评价指标,采用层次分析法(Ana... 详细信息

以汶川地震重灾区四川省北川县为例,对研究区进行崩塌滑坡敏感性评价,并探究地震诱发的崩塌滑坡的分布规律。研究建立研究区崩塌滑坡空间数据库,选取距断裂带距离、坡度、坡型、高差、地层岩性等5个因素作为评价指标,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)对指标的权重定量,使用因子加权相加模型对北川县的由地震引发的崩塌滑坡敏感性进行评价。研究发现,距断裂带距离和坡度对崩塌滑坡影响较强。研究结果将北川县划分为崩塌滑坡极度敏感区、高度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区和不敏感区五个区域。其中,极度敏感区主要分布在北川县东部的龙门山断裂带上,并沿断裂带延伸,在西部河流两岸也有少量分布,高度敏感和中度敏感区在极敏感区外围辐射分布,轻度敏感区和不敏感区主要分布在研究区的西部地区。

关键词：崩塌滑坡敏感性评价层次分析法北川