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Recent advances in promising drugs for primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with cirrhotic portal hypertension

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 4-13页

作者： ji-Yao Sheng Zi-fan Meng Qiao Li Yong-Sheng Yang Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041China jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041China

Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related contraindications.With recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment efficacy.Data sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May 2022.Information on clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/and http://***/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising drugs.According to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and others.All these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Conclusions:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

关键词： Cirrhotic portal hypertension Target drug Primary prevention Bleeding

Implantable Electrochemical Microsensors for In Vivo Monitoring of Animal Physiological Information

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 183-211页

作者： jin Zhou Shenghan Zhou Peidi fan Xunjia Li Yibin Ying jianfeng ping Yuxiang Pan Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058People’s Republic of China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311200People’s Republic of China

In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.

关键词： Electrochemical microsensors Implantable sensors In vivo monitoring Animal physiological information

Towards understanding bogus traffic service in online social networks

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第3期25卷 415-431页

作者： ping HE Xuhong ZHANG Changting LIN Ting WANG Shouling ji College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park 17057-4846USA

Critical functionality and huge infuence of the hot trend/topic page(HTP)in microblogging sites have driven the creation of a new kind of underground service called the bogus traffic service(BTS).BTS provides a kind of illegal service which hijacks the HTP by pushing the controlled topics into it for malicious customers with the goal of guiding public opinions.To hijack HTP,the agents of BTS maintain an army of black-market accounts called bogus trafic accounts(BTAs)and control BTAs to generate a burst of fake trafic by massively retweeting the tweets containing the customer desired topic(hashtag).Although this service has been extensively exploited by malicious customers,little has been done to understand it.In this paper,we conduct a systematic measurement study of the BTS.We first investigate and collect 125 BTS agents from a variety of sources and set up a honey pot account to capture BTAs from these agents.We then build a BTA detector that detects 162218 BTAs from Weibo,the largest Chinese microblogging site,with a precision of 94.5%.We further use them as a bridge to uncover 296916 topics that might be involved in bogus trafic.Finally,we uncover the operating mechanism from the perspectives of the attack cycle and the attack entity.The highlights of our findings include the temporal attack patterns and intelligent evasion tactics of the BTAs.These findings bring BTS into the spotlight.Our work will help in understanding and ultimately eliminating this threat.

关键词： Online social networks Measurement Bogus traffic Black market

Differential Operator Approach to■quantum Groups and Their Oscillator Representations

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第5期40卷 1360-1374页

作者： Zhao Bing fan ji Cheng GENG Shao Long HAN College of Mathematical Science Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001P.R.China

For a quasi-split Satake diagram,we define a modified q-Weyl algebra,and show that there is an algebra homomorphism between it and the corresponding■quantum group.In other words,we provide a differential operator approach to■quantum groups.Meanwhile,the oscillator representations of■quantum groups are obtained.The crystal basis of the irreducible subrepresentations of these oscillator representations are constructed.

关键词： ■quantum group differential operator oscillator representation crystal basis

Photocatalytic applications and modification methods of two-dimensional nanomaterials:a review

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 77-113页

作者： fan Yang ping Hu fan Yang Xing-jiang Hua Bo Chen Lili Gao Kuai-She Wang School of Metallurgy Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

Due to its unique electronic structure and special size effect,two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have shown great potential far beyond bulk materials in the field of photocatalysis.How to deeply explore the photocatalytic mechanism of 2D nanomaterials and design more efficient 2D semiconductor photocatalysts are research hotspots.This review provides a comprehensive introduction to typical 2D nanomaterials and discusses their current application status in the field of photocatalysis.The effects of material properties such as band structure,morphology,crystal face structure,crystal structure and surface defects on the photocatalytic process are discussed.The main modification methods are highlighted,including doping,noble metal deposition,heterojunction,thickness adjustment,defect engineering,and dye sensitization in 2D material systems.Finally,the future development of 2D nanomaterials is prospected.It is hoped that this paper can provide systematic and useful information for researchers engaged in the field of photocatalysis.

关键词： Photocatalysis Two-dimensional Nanomaterials Bandgap Modification strategy

Acquiring Weak Annotations for Tumor Localization in Temporal and Volumetric Data

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 318-330页

作者： Yu-Cheng Chou Bowen Li Deng-ping fan Alan Yuille Zongwei Zhou Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA Computer Vision Lab ETH ZurichZurich 8001Switzerland

Creating large-scale and well-annotated datasets to train AI algorithms is crucial for automated tumor detection and localization.However,with limited resources,it is challenging to determine the best type of annotations when annotating massive amounts of unlabeled data.To address this issue,we focus on polyps in colonoscopy videos and pancreatic tumors in abdominal CT scans;Both applications require significant effort and time for pixel-wise annotation due to the high dimensional nature of the data,involving either temporary or spatial dimensions.In this paper,we develop a new annotation strategy,termed Drag&Drop,which simplifies the annotation process to drag and drop.This annotation strategy is more efficient,particularly for temporal and volumetric imaging,than other types of weak annotations,such as per-pixel,bounding boxes,scribbles,ellipses and points.Furthermore,to exploit our Drag&Drop annotations,we develop a novel weakly supervised learning method based on the watershed algorithm.Experimental results show that our method achieves better detection and localization performance than alternative weak annotations and,more importantly,achieves similar performance to that trained on detailed per-pixel annotations.Interestingly,we find that,with limited resources,allocating weak annotations from a diverse patient population can foster models more robust to unseen images than allocating per-pixel annotations for a small set of images.In summary,this research proposes an efficient annotation strategy for tumor detection and localization that is less accurate than per-pixel annotations but useful for creating large-scale datasets for screening tumors in various medical modalities.

关键词： Weak annotation detection localization segmentation colonoscopy abdomen

Childhood sleep:physical,cognitive,and behavioral consequences and implications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 122-132页

作者： jianghong Liu Xiaopeng ji Susannah Pitt Guanghai Wang Elizabeth Rovit Terri Lipman fan jiang School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 424Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA College of Health Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute Department of Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Sleep problems in children have been increasingly recognized as a major public health issue.Previous research has extensively studied and presented many risk factors and potential mechanisms for children’s sleep problems.In this paper,we aimed to identify and summarize the consequences and implications of child sleep problems.Data sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info published in the past two decades.Both relevant data-based articles and systematic reviews are included.Results Many adverse consequences are associated with child sleep deficiency and other sleep problems,including physical outcomes(e.g.,obesity),neurocognitive outcomes(e.g.,memory and attention,intelligence,academic performance),and emotional and behavioral outcomes(e.g.,internalizing/externalizing behaviors,behavioral disorders).Current prevention and intervention approaches to address childhood sleep problems include nutrition,exercise,cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia,aromatherapy,acupressure,and mindfulness.These interventions may be particularly important in the context of coronavirus disease 2019.Specific research and policy strategies can target the risk factors of child sleep as well as the efficacy and accessibility of treatments.Conclusions Given the increasing prevalence of child sleep problems,which have been shown to affect children’s physical and neurobehavioral wellbeing,understanding the multi-aspect consequences and intervention programs for childhood sleep is important to inform future research direction as well as a public health practice for sleep screening and intervention,thus improving sleep-related child development and health.

关键词： Behavior Child sleep Consequences Implications Neurocognitive Physical Prevention/intervention

Investigating effect of coke porosity on blast furnace performance based on multi-physical fields

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 357-367页

作者： ji Chen Zhao Lei Zhe Yao Li Wang Qiang Ling ping Cui Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243002AnhuiChina Shanxi Academy of Printing Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.Xi’an710077ShaanxiChina

Reducing coke use is an effective measure to reduce carbon emission and energy consumption in the blast furnace(BF)ironmaking.Essentially,BF is a high-temperature moving bed reactor,where complex physical transformations coupled with complicated reactions occur.This makes it challenging to investigate the factors determining BF performance with the conventional method.A multi-physical field coupling mathematical model of BF was thus developed to describe its mass and heat transfer as well as its intrinsic reactions.Then,the proposed model was validated with the production data.Under coupling conditions,influences of dominating reactions on BF performance(temperature distribution,gas distribution,iron formation reaction,and direct reduction degree)were revealed.The results indicated that coke combustion,indirect reduction,and direct reduction of iron ore mainly took place nearby the shaft tuyere,cohesive zone,and dripping zone,respectively.Besides,the rate of coke solution loss reaction was increased with the rising coke porosity in the cohesive zone.Considering the effect of coke porosity on the efficiency and stability of BF,the coke porosity of 0.42 was regarded as a reasonable value.

关键词： Blast furnace Mathematical model Multi-physical field Simulation Coke porosity

Nondegenerate Soliton Solutions of(2+1)-Dimensional Multi-Component Maccari System

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第6期41卷 11-17页

作者：孟勇方乒乒林机 Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

For a multi-component Maccari system with two spatial dimensions,nondegenerate one-soliton and two-soliton solutions are obtained with the bilinear method.It can be seen by drawing the spatial graphs of nondegenerate solitons that the real component of the system shows a cross-shaped structure,while the two solitons of the complex component show a multi-solitoff structure.At the same time,the asymptotic analysis of the interaction behavior of the two solitons is conducted,and it is found that under partially nondegenerate conditions,the real and complex components of the system experience elastic collision and inelastic collision,respectively.

关键词： structure. degenerate soliton