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fatigue Properties Improvement of Low-Carbon Alloy Axle Steel by Induction Hardening and Shot Peening:A Prospective Comparison

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第8期35卷 1343-1356页

作者： G.C.Chu f.z.hu X.J.jin Y.zhang Q.Wang J.P.Hou z.f.zhang Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Material Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016.China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Manshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Maanshan 243000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Baowu Group Masteel Rail Transit Materials Technology Company Limited Maanshan 243000China

fatigue fracture is the major threat to the railway axle, which can be avoided or delayed by surface strengthening. In this study, a low-carbon alloy axle steel with two states was treated by surface induction hardening and shot peening, respectively, to reveal the mechanism of fatigue property improvement by microstructure characterization, microhardness measurement, residual stress analysis, roughness measurement, and rotary bending fatigue tests. The results indicate that both quenching and tempering treatment can effectively improve the fatigue properties of the modified axle steel. In addition, induction hardening can create an ideal hardened layer on the sample surface by phase transformation from the microstructure of ferrite and pearlite to martensite. By comparison, shot peening can modify the microstructure in surface layer by surface severe plastic deformation introducing a large number of dislocation and even cause grain refinement. Both induction hardening and shot peening create compressive residual stress into the surface layer of axle steel sample, which can effectively reduce the stress level applied to the metal surface during the rotary bending fatigue tests. On the whole, the contribution of induction hardening to the fatigue life of axle steel sample is better than that of the shot peening, and induction hardening shows obvious advantages in improving the fatigue life of axle steel.

关键词： Surface strengthening Induction hardening Shot peening Axle steel fatigue property improvement

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Rational design of AgGaS/znS/znS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： H.X.Lu H.Liu z.z.fu Y.Y.Chen H.Q.Dai z.hu W.L.zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China zhongshan-fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/znS/znS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner znS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer znS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/znS/znS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between zn cation diffusion and znS shelling ***,the znS shelling reaction was dominant when znCl_(2)was employed,while zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the znS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 106-130页

作者： Jun hu Mitsumasa Iwamoto Xiangyu Chen CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Department of Physical Electronics Tokyo Institute of Technology2‑12‑1 S3‑33 O‑OkayamaMeguro‑KuTokyo 152‑8552Japan

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–*** enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and *** this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE *** elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface *** review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification ***,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various ***,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may *** anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

关键词： Contact electrification Interfaces Triboelectric nanogenerators Diversified applications

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High-order time-reversal symmetry breaking normal state

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 136-148页

作者： Meng zeng Lun-hui hu Hong-Ye hu Yi-zhuang You Congjun Wu Department of Physics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093USA Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Department of PhysicsSchoolof ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 30024China Institute for Theoretical Sciences Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of zhejiang Province School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China

Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking plays an important role in studying strongly correlated unconventional *** two superconducting gap functions with different symmetries compete,the relative phase channel(θ_(-)≡θ_(1)-θ_(2))exhibits an Ising-type z_(2) symmetry due to the second order Josephson coupling,where θ_(1,2) are the phases of two gap *** contrast,the U(1) symmetry in the channel of θ_(+)≡(θ_(1)+θ_(2))/2 is *** phase locking,i.e.,ordering of θ_(-),can take place in the phase fluctuation regime before the onset of superconductivity,i.e.,when θ_(+) is *** θ_(-) is pinned at ±π/2,then timereversal symmetry is broken in the normal state,otherwise,if θ_(-)=0,or,π,rotational symmetry is broken,leading to a nematic normal *** both cases,the order parameters possess a 4-fermion structure beyond the scope of mean-field theory,which can be viewed as a high order symmetry *** employ an effective two-component XY-model assisted by a renormalization group analysis to address this *** a natural by-product,we also find the other interesting intermediate phase corresponds to ordering of θ_+ but with θ_(-)*** is the quartetting,or,charge-4e,superconductivity,which occurs above the low temperature z_(2)-breaking charge-2e superconducting *** results provide useful guidance for studying novel symmetry breaking phases in strongly correlated superconductors.

关键词： superconductivity strong correlation time-reversal breaking charge-4e

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Vortex excites unidirectional water waves near ancient Luoyang Bridge

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frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 163-165页

作者： Yichen Li Xinhua hu Department of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Micro-and Nano-Photonic Structures(Ministry of Education) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Since the discovery of generalized Snell’s law in 2011[1],metasurfaces have opened up the mainstream of arbitrary wavefront manipulation in *** a gradient-index metasurface,the parallel wavenumber kx of reflected wave can be not equal to the incident one(kx=ξ+k0sinθi,where k0 andθi are the incident wavenumber and angle,andξis the phase gradient of metasurface in its supercell)[1].Whenξ>k0,the reflected wave becomes a surface wave bounded on the metasurface(where|kx|>k0,kz is imaginary,and z is normal to the metasurface)[2].However,as research of metasurfaces continually evolves,some articles have pointed out that such graded metasurfaces suffer from a series of problems[3-6].In particular,multiple metallic resonators are adopted in a subwavelength supercell,resulting in impedance mismatch,moderate conversion efficiency,wave absorption,and fabrication ***,although the approach of graded metasurfaces has been demonstrated in the microwave regime,it is hard to extend to infrared and optical ranges with shorter *** solve this problem,Ra’di et al.[7]devised metagratings with periodic arrays of bianisotropic scatterers and showed that they enable wave front engineering with unitary efficiency and significantly lower fabrication demands.

关键词： graded reflected imaginary

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Impact of Polymer Matrix on Polymer Mechanochromism from Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 611-616页

作者： Yu Wu Xin Cheng huan hu Shui hu zhimin Ma zhiyong Ma Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871 China

Mechanochromic polymers based on non-covalent changes have attracted much attention ***,we report the impact of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds on polymer mechanochromism from the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ***-NH2-OH and PhMz=2A are designed and obtained by simple and high-yield synthesis,and are connected into polyurethane and poly(methyl acrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate),*** the initial state,the PhMz-NH2-OH@PU sample shows blue fluorescence from the excited enol form (E*) excitons,owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that interrupt the ESIPT reactions but the PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA sample expresses cyan fluorescence belonging to the excited keto form (K*) emission,implying that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds ***,under stretching,external force can tune the emission of the PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA sample from K* to E* *** external force can putatively still promote a bond rotation,ESIPT reactions remain equivalently interrupted in both the relaxed and stressed states in a hydrogen-bond donating *** calculation confirms the force-induced increase in dihedral angle for the transition of ESIPT-on/***,PhMz-NH2-OH@PU and PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA showed disparate initial ESIPT states and further different responses/sensitivity to *** study reports a novel and efficient strategy for enriching mechanochromic investigation and extending the applications of ESIPT reactions.

关键词： Polymer mechanochromism Excited state intramolecular proton transfer Hydrogen bonding Supramolecular chemistry Elastomers

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formation of Superthin Galaxies in IllustrisTNG

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 238-251页

作者： Jianhong hu Dandan Xu Cheng Li Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University

Superthin galaxies are observed to have stellar disks with extremely small minor-to-major axis ratios. In this work,we investigate the formation of superthin galaxies in the TNG100 simulation. We trace the merger history and investigate the evolution of galaxy properties of a selected sample of superthin galaxies and a control sample of galaxies that share the same joint probability distribution in the stellar-mass and color diagram. Through making comparisons between the two galaxy samples, we find that present-day superthin galaxies had similar morphologies as the control sample counterparts at higher redshifts, but have developed extended flat “superthin”morphologies since z ～ 1. During this latter evolution stage, superthin galaxies undergo an overwhelmingly higher frequency of prograde mergers(with orbit-spin angle θorb≤ 40°). Accordingly the spins of their dark matter halos have grown significantly and become noticeably higher than those of their normal disk counterparts. This further results in the buildup of their stellar disks at larger distances much beyond the regimes of normal disk galaxies. We also discuss the formation scenario of those superthin galaxies that live in larger dark matter halos as satellite galaxies therein.

关键词： Galaxies: evolution Galaxies: formation Galaxies: interactions Galaxies: star formation

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Identifying and localizing of seismogenic electromagnetic anomalies from data observed by permanent MT stations

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1698-1713页

作者： Bing HAN Wenbao hu Guoze zHAO Ji TANG State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources of Ministry of Education Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China

In this research, an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole at subsurface is used to simulate Seismogenic Electromagnetic(SEM) radiation emanating from a seismic zone during its gestation phase. Analytical synthesis of responses at the Lijiang magnetotelluric(MT) station has revealed that SEM radiation could induce identifiable anomalies in the electromagnetic(EM)spectrum, apparent resistivity and phase within specific frequency bands. Background variations were extracted from long-term observation data of Dali and Lijiang MT stations, enabling the identification of SEM anomalies related to the Yunlong and Yangbi earthquakes. Multiple parameters of dipole sources at subsurface were obtained by applying the Differential Ant Colony Optimization(DACO) algorithm to anomalous data of two stations with multi-frequencies and various response functions. The spatial distribution of these predicted dipoles is predominantly clustered in or around the seismogenic area, with their azimuthal orientation aligning towards the seismogenic fault in general. This study has demonstrated the potential of using subsurface electric dipole simulations for SEM radiation analysis, offering a feasible approach for the prediction and understanding of seismogenic zones.

关键词： MT responses Identifying SEM anomaly Vector electric dipole responses Localizing SEM sources by inversion

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Stabilization or degradation?Post-translational modifications of JAz proteins in plants

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1002-1004页

作者： Xiaoyan Xu Jianping hu zheng Yuan Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Jasmonates(JAs)are essential hormones that regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and are involved in various developmental processes,including flowering time control,floral organ development,and fertility of male and female gametes(Howe et al.,2018).However,our understanding of the mechanisms by which JAs integrate multiple signals to regulate diverse physiological processes remains *** the canonical JA signaling pathway,activated JAs are perceived by the f-box protein receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1(COl1),which induces the interaction between COl1 and the Jas domain of the repressor proteins JASMONATE-zIM DOMAIN PROTEINs(JAzs),leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of JAz *** proteolytic destruction of the JAz repressors is a crucial step that releases the inhibition of JAzs on the JA response transcription factor MYC2,allowing MYC2 to activate the expression of downstream genes(Howe et al.,2018).Therefore,the stability and specific spatiotemporal expression pattern of the JAz proteins are critical for the regulation of JA signaling output,as they determine the activation and repression of JA responses.

关键词： translational fertility release

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Analytical Solution for the Reissner-Sagoci Problem of a Piezoelectric Half-Space

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 363-370页

作者： Keqiang hu Cun-fa Gao zengtao Chen zheng zhong State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 1H9Canada School of Science Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China

In this paper,a transversely isotropic piezoelectric half-space with the isotropy axis parallel to the z-axis is considered under rotation on a rigid circular disk bonded to the surface of the piezoelectric *** is a type of Reissner-Sagoci mixed boundary value *** utilizing the Hankel transform,the mixed boundary value problem is simplified into solving a pair of dual integral ***-field analytical expressions for displacement,stresses,and electric displacement inside the half-space are *** shear stresses and electric displacement on the surface are found to be singular at the edge of the rigid circular disk,and the stress intensity factors and electric displacement intensity factor are *** results show that material properties and geometric size have significant effects on displacement,shear stresses,and electric displacement.

关键词： Piezoelectric half-space Circular disk Reissner-Sagoci problem Stress intensity factor Electric displacement intensity factor

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