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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition target dysbiosis to treat fatty liver in obese mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第17期28卷 1814-1829页

作者： flavia Maria Silva-Veiga Carolline Santos Miranda Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro Henrique souza-Tavares fabiane ferreira Martins Julio Beltrame Daleprane Vanessa souza-Mello Department of Anatomy Institute of BiologyState University of Rio de JaneiroLaboratory of MorphometryMetabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesRio de Janeiro 20551-030Brazil Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis State University of Rio de JaneiroNutrition InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroNutrition InstituteUniversity of Sao PauloRio de Janeiro 20551-030Brazil

BACKGROUND Obesity and comorbidities onset encompass gut dysbiosis,altered intestinal permeability,and *** that target gut dysbiosis can cope with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAfLD)*** proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)-alpha activation and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibition alleviate NAfLD,but the mechanism may involve gut microbiota modulation and merits further *** To address the effects of PPAR-alpha activation and DPP-4 inhibition(isolated or combined)upon the gut-liver axis,emphasizing inflammatory pathways in NAfLD management in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J *** Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet(C,10%of energy as lipids)or a highfat diet(HfD,50%of energy as lipids)for 12 wk,when treatments started,forming the groups:C,Hf,HfA(HfD+PPAR-alpha agonist WY14643,2.5 mg/kg body mass),HfL(HfD+DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin,15 mg/kg body mass),and HfC(HfD+the combination of WY14643 and linagliptin).RESULTS The HfD was obesogenic compared to the C *** treatments elicited significant body mass loss,and the HfC group showed similar body mass to the C *** treatments tackled oral glucose intolerance and raised plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 *** metabolic benefits restored Bacteroidetes/firmicutes ratio,resulting in increased goblet cells per area of the large intestine and reduced lipopolysaccharides concentrations in treated *** the gene level,treated groups showed higher intestinal Mucin 2,Occludin,and Zo-1 expression than the HfD *** reduced endotoxemia suppressed inflammasome and macrophage gene expression in the liver of treated *** observations complied with the mitigation of liver steatosis and reduced hepatic triacylglycerol,reassuring the role of the proposed treatments on NAfLD *** PPAR alpha activation and DPP-4 inhibition(isolated or combined)tackled NAfLD in dietinduced obese mice by restoration of gut-liver axis

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease High-fat diet Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitor Dysbiosis Inflammation

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Growth and nutrient accumulation of Brazil nut trees(Bertholletia excelsa) in agroforestry at different fertilizer levels

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Journal of forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 347-353页

作者： Gotz Schroth Maria do Socorro souza da Mota Maria Elizabeth de Assis Elias C.P. 513 Santarem PA 68109-971 Brazil Centro de Estudos Avanqados de Promoqao Social e Ambiental Av. Mendonqa Furtado 3979 Santarem PA 68040-050 Brazil Universidade federal do Amazonas Manaus AM 69077-000Brazil

The Brazil nut tree（Bertholletia excelsa） is a frequent component of agroforestry systems in the Amazon because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple *** investigated the aboveground biomass production（kg dry weight）,nutrient uptake and requirements（N,P,Ca,Mg,K） of Brazil nut trees of different sizes grown under agroforestry conditions and fertilized at different *** of 70 experimental trees with different size were harvested and stem,branches and leaves were *** contents were determined for three trees of varying *** tree growth was fast,but variability was high,suggesting considerable potential for the improvement of this economically important *** trees responded to increased levels of fertilizer and lime with significantly increased foliar nutrient contents and growth,probably because of the improved availability of Mg and Ca for which the species seems to have a relatively high *** contrast to Brazil nut trees grown in forest or dense plantations,the agroforestry trees invested a substantial part of their biomass and nutrients in large branches and developed spreading *** improve stem form,reduce competition with associated crops for light and recycle nutrients,regular pruning of lower branches or planting arrangements that favor self-pruning are *** measures would also increase the recycling of Ca and Mg,large quantities of which are contained in the branches.

关键词： Allometric equation Amazon Nutrient competition Nutrient recycling Plant mineral nutrition Soil fertility Silviculture

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Amazonian Dark Earth and Its Black Carbon Particles Harbor Different fungal Abundance and Diversity

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 832-845页

作者： Adriano Reis LUCHETA fabiana de souza CANNAVAN Siu Mui TSAI Eiko Eurya KURAMAE Department of Microbial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW) Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA) University of So Paulo (USP)

Amazonian Dark Earth(ADE) is a highly fertile soil of anthropogenic origin characterized by high levels of charred black carbon(BC). It is considered a model of fertility; however, knowledge on the fungal community structure and diversity inhabiting ADE and its BC particles is scarce. fungal community structure and diversity of ADE and its BC from four sites under different land uses(three agricultural systems and a secondary pristine forest) in the Brazilian Central Amazon were evaluated by 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. fungal communities in ADE and BC were dissimilar and showed differential abundances of fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs). Estimated fungal species richness(abundance-based coverage estimate and Chao-1 index) and diversity estimators(Shannon and Simpson's reciprocal indices) were higher in ADE than in BC in all agricultural areas. No differences were observed in those parameters in ADE and BC samples from the secondary forest. Pezizomycotina fungi and OTUs assigned to Cordyceps confragosa,Acremonium vitellinum, Camarops microspora, and Hirsutella rhossiliensis were more abundant in BC particles than in ADE. These findings represent a breakthrough in our understanding of fungal communities in BC particles from ADE, and will be valuable in future studies considering biochar application in soil.

关键词： biochar fungal community high-throughput DNA sequencing 18S rRNA gene terra preta

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Metabolizable energy,nitrogen balance,and ileal digestibility of amino acids in quality protein maize for pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 461-470页

作者： Gerardo Mariscal-Landin Tercia Cesaria Reis de souza Ericka Ramirez Rodriguez CENID fisiologia Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuariaskm 1 Carretera a Ajuchitlan76280 QueretaroMexico facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Autonoma de QueretaroMexicoAv.de las Ciencias s/n76230 QueretaroMexico

Background：To compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize（QPM） hybrids to that of white and yellow maize,two experiments were carried out in growing *** experiment 1,the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow *** experiment 2,the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility（AID and SID,respectively） of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow *** both experiments,the comparisons were conducted using ***：The dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids（P 〈 0.05） than in the pigs fed white or yellow *** digestibility（P 〈 0.001） and metabolizability（P 〈 0.01） were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM *** AID of lysine was higher（P〈 0.01） in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow *** AIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize（white and yellow）（all P 〈 0.05）.Maize（white and yellow） had greater SIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,glutamic acid,serine,alanine,tyrosine,and proline（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：Based on these results,it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize.

关键词： Amino acids Energy balance Maize Nitrogen balance Pigs

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Cysticercosis of the neck:a case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 833-834页

作者： Chandrakant Patil Rashmi Kharat(Patil) Prasad Deshmukh Blenda D'souza Department of E.N.T J.N.M.CSawangiWardhaMaharashtra

The neck is a rare site for *** few cases of cysticercosis presenting in the neck have been *** report one such case creating diagnostic dilemma.

关键词： Cysticercosis Neck

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One-week dual therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第23期11卷 3566-3569页

作者： Maria Aparecida Mesquita S(o|^)nia Letícia Silva Lorena Jazon Romilson souza Almeida Ciro Garcia Montes fábio Guerrazzi Luciana T Campos José Murilo Rubiota Zeitune Gastroenterology Unit

AIM:To assess the efficacy and safety of ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin given for 1 wk in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with peptic ulcer were randomized in two treatment groups: (1)1-wk regimen consisting of ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg b.i.d. with clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. or (2) 2-wk regimen of the same treatment. Eradication of the infection was considered when both the histologic examination and the urease test were negative for the infection 3 mo after treatment. RESULTS: By intention to treat analysis, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) was eradicated in 73% and 76% of patients, respectively treated for 1 or 2 wk (P>0.05). By per protocol analysis, the eradication rates were 80% and 83%, respectively, in patients treated for 1 or 2 wk (P>0.05). Nine patients (8.2%) reported minor side effects. CONCLUSION: One-week therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin is safe, well tolerated and effective for treatment of H pylori infection, and appears to be comparable to the 2-wk regimen in terms of efficacy.x

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Ranitidine bismuth citrate Clarithromycin Peptic ulcer

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Morphology and phylogeny of root-endophytic fungus Periconia igniaria

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Studies in fungi 2019年第1期4卷 274-281页

作者： D’souza MA Rana S Singh SK Department of Botany St.Xavier’s CollegeMapusaGoa-403507India National fungal Culture Collection of India Biodiversity and Palaeobiology GroupMACS'Agharkar Research InstituteGG Agarkar Road411004 PuneIndia

Periconia igniaria,isolated as an endophytic fungus from roots of Cheilocostus speciosus from Calangute,Bardez,Goa,India was described in this *** identity of the endophytic isolate was based on asexual-morphs,cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence *** our knowledge,this is the first report of this taxon as root endophyte of Cheilocostus speciosus from Western Ghats forests,Goa,India.

关键词： Cheilocostus speciosus Goa Taxonomy Western Ghats

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Adipose tissue,systematic inflammation,and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 38-46页

作者： Ana Paula de A.Boleti Pedro Henrique de O.Cardoso Breno Emanuel f.frihling Patrícia souza e Silva Luiz filipe R.Nde Moraes Ludovico Migliolo S-Inova Biotech Programa de Pós-Graduação em BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica Dom BoscoCampo GrandeMSBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Programa de Pós-Graduação em BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatalBrazil

Obesity is associated with several diseases,including mental *** tissue is distributed around the internal organs,acting in the regulation of metabolism by storing and releasing fatty acids and adipokine in the *** nutritional intake results in hypertrophy and proliferation of adipocytes,leading to local hypoxia in adipose tissue and changes in these adipokine *** leads to the recruitment of immune cells to adipose tissue and the release of pro-inflammatory *** presence of high levels of free fatty acids and inflammatory molecules interfere with intracellular insulin signaling,which can generate a neuroinflammatory *** this review,we provide an up-to-date discussion of how excessive obesity can lead to possible cognitive *** also address the idea that obesity-associated systemic inflammation leads to neuroinflammation in the brain,particularly the hypothalamus and hippocampus,and that this is partially responsible for these negative cognitive *** addition,we discuss some clinical models and animal studies for obesity and clarify the mechanism of action of anti-obesity drugs in the central nervous system.

关键词： adiposity anti-obesity drugs hypothalamic inflammation metabolic disease neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation

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轮轨踏面形状对蛇行运动的影响

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国外铁道车辆 1990年第3期27卷 32-40页

作者： A.f.D'souza 陈明资

本文采用描述函数的方法研究了不同的车轮和钢轨踏面形状对北美货车三大件转向架蛇行运动特性的影响。用等效描述函数代替非线性项之后,运动微分方程变换为一组偶合的代数方程,然后用Newton-Raphson方法解出,表明轨面形状磨耗对动力学... 详细信息

本文采用描述函数的方法研究了不同的车轮和钢轨踏面形状对北美货车三大件转向架蛇行运动特性的影响。用等效描述函数代替非线性项之后,运动微分方程变换为一组偶合的代数方程,然后用Newton-Raphson方法解出,表明轨面形状磨耗对动力学性能有明显的不利影响:开始蛇行的临界速度大大降低,蛇行频率提高了,因而引起大的加速度值。还表明,改进的Heumann磨耗形车轮踏面所显示的货车转向架动力学性能优越于北美铁路标准的新的车轮踏面。对车轮磨耗和载荷对蛇行运动的影响也进行了探讨。

关键词：踏面蛇行运动转向架形状

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Crop residues: applications of lignocellulosic biomass in the context of a biorefinery

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frontiers in Energy 2022年第2期16卷 224-245页

作者： Maria Carolina ANDRADE Caio de Oliveira GORGULHO SILVA Leonora Rios de souza MOREIRA Edivaldo Ximenes fERREIRA fILHO Laboratory of Enzymology Department of Cellular BiologyUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaDFBrazil

Interest in lignocellulosic biomass conversion technologies has increased recently because of their potential to reduce the dependency on non-renewable feedstocks. Residues from a variety of crops are the major source of lignocellulose, which is being produced in increasingly large quantities worldwide. The commercial exploitation of crop residues as feedstocks for biorefineries which could be used to produce a variety of goods such as biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, and enzymes is an attractive approach not only for adding value to residues but also for providing renewable products required by the expanding bioeconomy market. Moreover, the implementation of biorefineries in different regions has the potential to add value to the specific crop residues produced in the region. In this review, several aspects of crop residue application in biorefineries are discussed, including the role of crop residues in the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts, the main technical aspects of crop residue conversion in biorefineries, the main crop residues generated in different regions of the world and their availability, the potential value-added bioproducts that can be extracted or produced from each crop residue, and the major advantages and challenges associated with crop residue utilization in biorefineries. Despite their potential, most biomass refining technologies are not sufficiently advanced or financially viable. Several technical obstacles, especially with regard to crop residue collection, handling, and pre-treatment, prevent the implementation of biorefineries on a commercial scale. further research is needed to resolve these scale-up-related challenges. Increased governmental incentives and bioeconomic strategies are expected to boost the biorefinery market and the cost competitiveness of biorefinery products.

关键词： crop residue biorefinery bioproduct biomass circular bioeconomy enzyme

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