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miniSCIDOM: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino M.Reimold E.Beyreuther f.-E.Brack f.Kroll J.Pawelke J.D.Schilz M.Schneider U.Schramm M.E.P.Umlandt K.Zeil T.Ziegler J.Metzkes-Ng Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample *** rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online *** we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 *** detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton *** experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

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Precipitation of multi-type nano-quasicrystals in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： W.Z.Wang X.Z.Zhou L.f.Zhang H.Q.Ye Z.Q.Yang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan 528251China foshan University Foshan 528231China

Mg-6Zn-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening precipitates of multi-type nanoquasicrystals were prepared by melt-spinning followed by aging *** evolution of the rapidly solidified ribbons during isothermal aging was comprehensively studied using various electron microscopy *** new kinds of decagonal quasicrystals were formed in aged ribbons,in addition to precipitation of nanometer icosahedral ***-resolution observations reveal that both decagonal quasicrystals can be modeled by quasiperiodic tiling with decagonal clusters of 2.5 nm in diameter,but overlap of neighboring clusters in both decagonal quasicrystals is different from the Gummelt model observed in other quasicrystals.A shell composed of complex Laves Mg-Zn domains was formed surrounding each decagonal quasicrystal precipitate upon prolonged *** addition,all kinds of nanoprecipitates exhibit excellent structure and size stability at 573 *** findings may have implications for not only fundamental studies about quasicrystals,but also microstructural manipulation of high-performance Mg alloys.

关键词： Quasicrystal Mg alloys Rapid solidification Scanning-transmission electron microscopy.

In-situ construction of grass-like hybrid architecture responsible for extraordinary corrosion performance: Experimental and theoretical approach

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第1期6卷 44-59页

作者： T.Suhartono f.Hazmatulhaq Y.Sheng A.Chaouiki M.P.Kamil Y.G.Ko Materials Electrochemistry Group School of Materials Science and EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Research Center for Advanced Materials National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)South TangerangBanten15314Indonesia

Despite the engineering potential by the co-existence of inorganic and organic substances to protect vulnerable metallic materials from corrosive environments,both their interaction and in-situ formation mechanism to induce the nature-inspired composite remained less *** present work used three distinctive mercaptobenzazole(MB)compounds working as corrosion inhibitors,such as 2-mercaptobenzoxazole(MBO),2-mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT),and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole(MBI)in a bid to understand how the geometrical structure arising from O,S,and N atoms affected the interaction toward inorganic *** compounds that were used here to control the corrosion kinetics would be interacted readily with the pre-existing MgO layer fabricated by plasma *** phenomenon triggered the nucleation of the root network since MB compounds were seen to be adsorbed actively on the defective surface through the active sites in MB ***,the molecule with twin donor atoms adjacent to the mercapto-sites affected the facile growth of the grass-like structures with‘uniform’distribution via molecular self-assembly,which showed better corrosion performance than those with having dissimilar donor atoms with the inhibition efficiency(η)of 97%*** formation mechanism underlying nucleation and growth behavior of MB molecule was discussed concerning the theoretical calculation of density functional theory.

关键词： Nature-inspired composite Organic-inorganic interaction Corrosion inhibitor Density functional theory Electrochemistry

Assembly structures of coastal woody species of eastern South America:Patterns and drivers

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 611-620页

作者： Eduardo Vinícius da Silva Oliveira Myrna friederichs Landim Sidney f.Gouveia Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation Federal University of SergipeSão CristovãoSergipeBrazil National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity(INCT-EECBio)GoiâniaGoiasBrazil Department of Biology Federal University of SergipeSão CristóvãoSergipeBrazil Department of Ecology Federal University of SergipeSão CristóvãoSergipeBrazil

Tropical regions have provided new insights into how ecological communities are *** dry coastal communities,water stress has been hypothesized to determine plant assembly structure by favoring preadapted lineages from neighboring ecosystems,consistent with functional ***,it is unclear whether this hypothesis is sufficient to explain how coastal communities in tropical ecosystems are ***,we test whether water stress or other factors drive community assembly in woody plant communities across the coastal zone of Brazil,a tropical *** characterized functional and phylogenetic structures of these communities and determined the underlying environmental factors(e.g.,water stress,historical climate stability,edaphic constraints,and habitat heterogeneity)that drive their community *** of coastal woody species show geographically varied patterns,including stochastic arrangements,clustering,and overdispersion of species relative to their traits and phylogenetic *** complexity,water vapor pressure,and soil nutrient availability best explained the gradient in the functional *** deficit,water vapor pressure,and soil organic carbon were the best predictors of variation in phylogenetic *** results support the water-stress conservatism hypothesis on functional and phylogenetic structure,as well as the effect of habitat heterogeneity on functional structure and edaphic constraints on functional and phylogenetic *** effects are associated with increased phenotypic and phylogenetic divergence of woody plant assemblages,which is likely mediated by abiotic filtering and niche opportunities,suggesting a complex pattern of ecological assembly.

关键词： Brazil Completeness Clustering Restinga vegetation Water constraints

Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in fine Chemical Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui M.B.Carrilho Mario J.f.Calvete Gabor Mikle Laszlo Kollar Mariette M.Pereira University of Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupfor Selective Chemical Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carbon monoxide(CO)has become one of the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks for chemical synthesis,especially in the fine chemicals industry,due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its *** this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewable feedstock for fine chemicals *** review is organized by type of catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydroformylation,carbonylation of aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H *** examples of the synthesis of relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are *** is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.

关键词： Carbon monoxide fine chemicals Carbonylation Hydroformylation C-H functionalization

Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case Study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,California

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： fynnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza Charles K.Huyck Adam Rose Paul Amyx Gregory Yetman Kristy f.Tiampo California State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center for International Earth Science Information Network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(CIRES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the *** investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience *** applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,California as a case *** also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling *** found that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact *** findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters,as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts Earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

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强震区桥梁抗震挡块强度退化模型及其应用

中国公路学报 2024年第7期37卷 179-188页

作者：韦旺邵长江袁得铮王春阳李贞新庄卫林 OKOYA ONOUNGOUA f f 西南交通大学土木工程学院四川成都610031 陆地交通地质灾害防治技术国家工程研究中心四川成都610031 中交公路规划设计院有限公司北京100088

钢筋混凝土抗震挡块作为强震区桥梁的重要受力构件,强震下往往率先发生严重破坏,而现行规范中尚未明确给出挡块的抗震设计方法及其分析模型。为此,在揭示钢筋混凝土抗震挡块斜截面破坏机理的基础上,基于刚体转动平衡方程推导了考虑混凝... 详细信息

钢筋混凝土抗震挡块作为强震区桥梁的重要受力构件,强震下往往率先发生严重破坏,而现行规范中尚未明确给出挡块的抗震设计方法及其分析模型。为此,在揭示钢筋混凝土抗震挡块斜截面破坏机理的基础上,基于刚体转动平衡方程推导了考虑混凝土残余抗拉强度和钢筋变形协调性的3类挡块强度计算公式,并通过能量等效原理建立了挡块强度双折线退化模型。以九度区一座近断层的中小跨径梁桥为例,通过剪切铰模型模拟挡块强度双折线退化,进而探讨挡块承载力下降对桥梁下部结构地震需求的影响。研究结果表明:所提抗震挡块强度计算公式及其强度退化模型能够较为精确地预测挡块的力学特征(计算平均误差小于5%),采用剪切铰模型能够合理地模拟挡块在强震下的损伤行为;强震作用下,不考虑抗震挡块碰撞效应的影响将低估桥梁下部结构的地震需求,会导致不安全的设计结果;而仅考虑挡块刚性碰撞(不考虑挡块承载力下降)则会高估桥梁下部结构的地震需求,容易造成不必要的浪费;抗震挡块不仅起到限制主梁横向位移的作用,而且挡块的损伤一定程度上起到消耗上部结构地震力的作用;考虑所提挡块强度退化后,能准确反映主梁与挡块之间的碰撞力对桥梁下部结构地震需求的影响。所提的挡块强度退化模型及其模拟方法可为九度区中小跨径梁桥的抗震设计提出借鉴。

关键词：桥梁工程强度退化模型剪切破坏机理抗震挡块板式橡胶支座滑动效应九度区

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A new technique for fault diagnosis in transformer insulating oil based on infrared spectroscopy measurements

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 319-335页

作者： Mohamed M.f.Darwish Mohamed H.A.Hassan Nagat M.K.Abdel-Gawad Matti Lehtonen Diaa-Eldin A.Mansour Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation School of Electrical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Department of Electrical Power Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt

Condition monitoring of the insulating system within power transformers has a massive importance according to the electrical *** gas analysis(DGA)is frequently used for this ***,DGA lacks the necessary level of accuracy to identify all equipment faults,particularly in their initial stages of ***,it does not have the capability for real-time monitoring and relies on manual sampling and laboratory testing,causing potential delays in fault ***,the interpretation of DGA data necessitates specialised expertise,which may pose difficulties for smaller entities that have limited access to ***,the contribution of this research is to use infrared spectroscopy measurements as a new effective technique substituting the DGA method for fault diagnosis in insulating *** inception faults that were considered in this study were the electrical fault(discharges of high energy)and the thermal fault(300°Cfted especially for serving the simulation processes inside the laboratory for both types of inception ***,six samples of pure paraffinic mineral oil were taken to be degraded in the *** that,all of them besides another sample that were not subjected to any kind of faults were taken to be examined by fourier transform infrared(fTIR)spectroscopy to obtain an overview of the oil's behaviour in each fault *** that,the fTIR analysis was initially verified utilising the DGA ***,for further affirmation,the dielectric dissipation factor(DDf)for all samples was *** the final analysis,the verification tests provide experimental evidence about the outperformance of this new optical technique in detecting the transformer's inception faults in addition to proving its potential for being a superior alternative to the well-known traditional diagnostic techniques.

关键词： fault diagnosis spectroscopy

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.Wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao J.f.Myatt School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering