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Deep carbon recycling viewed from global plate tectonics

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 37-55页

作者： Maoliang Zhang Sheng Xu Yuji sano School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Marine Core Research Institute Kochi University Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo

Plate tectonics plays an essential role in the redistribution of life-essential volatile elements between Earth's interior and surface, whereby our planet has been well tuned to maintain enduring habitability over much of its history. Here we present an overview of deep carbon recycling in the regime of modern plate tectonics,with a special focus on convergent plate margins for assessing global carbon mass balance. The up-to-date flux compilation implies an approximate balance between deep carbon outflux and subduction carbon influx within uncertainty but remarkably limited return of carbon to convecting mantle. If correct, carbon would gradually accumulate in the lithosphere over time by（i） massive subsurface carbon storage occurring primarily in continental lithosphere from convergent margins to continental interior and（ii） persistent surface carbon sinks to seafloors sustained by high-flux deep CO2emissions to the atmosphere. further assessment of global carbon mass balance requires updates on fluxes of subduction-driven carbon recycling paths and reduction in uncertainty of deep carbon outflux. from a global plate tectonics point of view, we particularly emphasize that continental reworking is an important mechanism for remobilizing geologically sequestered carbon in continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In light of recent advances,future research is suggested to focus on a better understanding of the reservoirs, fluxes, mechanisms, and climatic effects of deep carbon recycling following an integrated methodology of observation, experiment,and numerical modeling, with the aim of decoding the self-regulating Earth system and its habitability from the deep carbon recycling perspective.

关键词： deep carbon recycling convergent plate margins subduction continental reworking global carbon mass balance

Plasma Confinement Characteristics in Heliotron J——Spontaneous Change of Plasma Confinement State

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第4期6卷 2371-2376页

作者： T.Mizuuchi H.Okada K.Nagasaki S.Kobayashi S.Yamamoto f.sano K.Kondo K.Hanatani M.Nakasuga Y.Nakamura Y.Suzuki Y.Manabe H.Shidara H.Kawazome M.Kaneko Y.Nishioka Y.Ohno T.Takamiya H.Yukimoto Y.fukagawa Y.Morita S.Nakazawa S.Nishio K.Takahashi S.Tuboi M.Yamada K.Ohashi Y.Ijiri T.Senju K.Yaguchi K.Sakamoto K.Tohshi M.Shibano T.Obiki Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityUji 611-0011Japan Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto UniversityUji 611-0011Japan

Spontaneous transition of the plasma confinement mode was observed in thehelical-axis heliotron device 'Heliotron J' for three different plasma heating schemes, ***-only, NBI-only and the combination of ECH and NBI. The transition seems to occur above a certaincritical density. In addition to the confinement transition, a spontaneous shift of the hittingposition of the divertor plasma flux on the wall was observed. This shift could be related with thechange of the edge field topology caused by non-inductive toroidal currents.

关键词： heliotron J plasma confinement transition phenomena

Method to measure tree-ring width,density,elemental composition,and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes using one sample

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 167-174页

作者： Chenxi Xu Yaru Zhao Wenling An Qingyu Zhao Yucheng Liu Masaki sano Takeshi Nakatsuka Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029People's Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044People's Republic of China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People's Republic of China Graduate School of Environment Studies Nagoya UniversityNagoya 4648601Japan

Tree-ring width(RW),density,elemental com-position,and stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)are widely used as proxies to assess climate change,ecology,and environmental pollution;however,a specific pretreat-ment has been needed for each ***,we developed a method by which each proxy can be measured in the same ***,the sample is polished for ring width *** obtaining the ring width data,the sample is cut to form a 1-mm-thick wood *** sample is then mounted in a vertical sample holder,and gradually scanned by an X-ray ***,the count rates of the fluorescent photons of elements(for chemical characteriza-tion)and a radiographic grayscale image(for wood density)are obtained,*** density and the element content are ***,cellulose is isolated from the 1-mm wood plate by removal of lignin,and *** producing this cellulose plate,cellulose subsamples are separated by knife under the microscope for inter-annual and intra-annual stable carbon and oxygen isotope(δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O)*** on this method,RW,density,elemental composition,δ^(13)C,and δ^(18)O can be measured from the same sample,which reduces sample amount and treatment time,and is helpful for multi-proxy comparison and combination research.

关键词： Tree-ring width Tree-ring density Tree-ring elemental composition Tree-ring stable carbon and oxygenisotopes

A remote sensing approach to estimate the load bearing capacity of soil

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 109-116页

作者： Italo Rômulo Mendes de Souza Edson Eyji sano Renato Paiva de Lima Anderson Rodrigo da Silva Statistics and Geoprocessing Laboratory Instituto Federal GoianoGeraldo Silva Nascimento RoadKm 2.575790-000 UrutaíGoiásBrazil Embrapa Cerrados BR-020 RoadKm 18Mailbox 0822373310-970 PlanaltinaDFBrazil Department of Soil Science ‘Luiz de Queiroz’College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias235-AgronomiaPiracicabaSP 13418-900Brazil

Preconsolidation pressure(σp)of soil can be considered as an indicator of the Load Bearing Capacity(LBC),which is the tolerated surface pressure before compaction,often caused by the traffic of agricultural *** this pioneering study,a remote sensing approach was introduced to estimate LBC throughσp from soils of the“Rio Preto”Hydrographic Basin,Bahia State,Brazil,in a monthly time lapse from 2016 to ***,σp is measured by a laborious and time demanding laboratory analysis,making it unfeasible to map large *** innovative methodology of this work consists of combining active–passive satellite data on soil moisture and pedotransfer functions of clay content and water matric potential to obtain geo-located estimates ofσ*** were analysed under different classes of soil use,land cover and slope;95%confidence intervals were built for the time series of mean values of LBC for each *** overall seasonal variation in LBC estimates is similar in areas with annual crops,grasslands and natural vegetation,and flat areas are less affected by soil moisture variations over the year(between seasons).LBC decreased,in general,at about 0.5%a year in flat ***,these areas demand attention,since they occupy 86%of the Basin and are mostly subjected to agricultural soil management and surface pressure by heavy machinery.

关键词： Soil compaction SMAP Preconsolidation stress Brazilian Cerrado

Association of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty Acids with Sarcopenia in Liver Cirrhosis Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第7期12卷 613-624页

作者： Akitoshi sano Jun Inoue Eiji Kakazu Masashi Ninomiya Mio Tsuruoka Kosuke Sato Masazumi Onuki Satoko Sawahashi Keishi Ouchi Atsushi Masamune Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan Department of Liver Disease The Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaChibaJapan

Background and Aims:Sarcopenia is associated with the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Given their diverse physiological activities,we hypothesized that plasma fatty acids might influence the progression of *** study aimed to clarify the association between fatty acids and sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients with ***:In this singlecenter retrospective study,we registered 516 cases and analyzed 414 cases of liver cirrhosis and *** skeletal muscle mass index was measured using a transverse computed tomography scan image at the third lumbar *** cutoff value for sarcopenia followed the criteria set by the Japan Society of *** acid concentrations were measured by gas ***:fatty acid levels,particularly omega-3(n-3)polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUfA),were lower in patients with poor liver function(Child-Pugh grade B/C)and were negatively correlated with the albumin-bilirubin score(pf HCC patients with low PUfA levels was significantly *** the different fatty acid fractions,only n-3 PUfAs significantly correlated with skeletal muscle mass index(p=0.0026).In the multivariate analysis,the n-3 PUfA level was an independent variable associated with sarcopenia(p=0.0006).Conclusions:A low level of n-3 PUfAs was associated with sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Sarcopenia Skeletal Muscle fatty Acids Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

沁水盆地煤层气井排采水的地球化学特征及来源示踪

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天然气地球科学 2024年

作者：方鲁加陈碧莹能惠 Yuji sano 徐胜 Marine Core Research Institute， Kochi University 天津大学地球系统科学学院

次生生物气与地下水之间存在一定的关系，特别是在煤层气等天然气储层中，了解地下水与次生生物成因甲烷之间的关系对于天然气勘探和开发具有重要意义。基于中国沁水盆地6个区块的57个煤层气井排采水和3个河水样品的化学组成、氢氧同位... 详细信息

次生生物气与地下水之间存在一定的关系，特别是在煤层气等天然气储层中，了解地下水与次生生物成因甲烷之间的关系对于天然气勘探和开发具有重要意义。基于中国沁水盆地6个区块的57个煤层气井排采水和3个河水样品的化学组成、氢氧同位素组成(δ18OH2O和δDH2O)和溶解无机碳(DIC)碳同位素组成(δ13CDIC和Δ14CDIC)，深入剖析了地下水与次生生物成因甲烷之间的复杂关系。研究结果表明：氢氧同位素分布在大气降水线附近，煤层气井排采水主要来源于大气降雨，硫酸盐微生物还原作用是郑庄和阳泉区块氘同位素富集的主要原因。研究区煤层气井排采水化学组成以Na-HCO3型为主，其变化受到水—岩相互作用、阳离子交换等过程的控制。沁水盆地6个研究区块煤层气井排采水的稳定碳同位素呈现高δ13CDIC值(-4.19‰～34.80‰，平均为16.51‰)、且与溶解无机碳含量呈明显正相关关系可能是微生物产甲烷作用的结果。煤层气井排采水中δ13CDIC与SO42-的负相关性以及δDH2O正漂移等指标也指向沁水盆地不同成熟度煤岩中次生生物成因甲烷的广泛存在。δ13CDIC与镜质体反射率(ROmax)的负相关性进一步表明沁水盆地不同成熟度煤层中广泛存在次生生物成因甲烷，且在浅埋藏和成熟度较低的煤层中最为显著。地球化学与微生物学的结合将会进一步阐明次生生物甲烷的形成途径和机制。

关键词：煤层气井排采水水化学特征碳同位素次生生物甲烷沁水盆地

Experimental Research of External Desulfurization in Situ Mechanical Stirring

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S2期18卷 119-124页

作者： MASAMICHI sano Nagoya University

This paper presents a new idea about desulfurization with in-situ mechanical stirring method on the basis of desulfurization by single blow grain magnesium and KR method, that is, the inner gases carry the magnesium vapor formed in-site in molten iron by magnesium-based desulfurization, and bubble dispersed and disintegrated under the condition of mechanical stirring, thence to improve the efficiency of desulfurization by single blow grain magnesium .It has been proved by research of cold water model experiment that the bubble dispersion and disintegration can not only improve the desulphurization efficiency but also increase the utilization rate of magnesium. Obviously, the bubble dispersion and disintegration of magnesium vapor is the key problem in improving the desulphurization efficiency and increasing the utilization rate of magnesium. Thus the research focus on exploring the performance of bubble dispersion and disintegration on the base of refining process and gas-liquid mass transfer. According to the literature and cold water model experimental result basing on principle of similitude, the influencing factors and interaction of bubble dispersion and disintegration have been studied from the perspectives of physical and numerical simulation. The study would provide the theoretical and experimental data for the new method of desulfurization with in-situ mechanical stirring.

关键词： in-situ mechanical stirring method magnesium-based desulfurization bubble disintegration and dispersion injection refining water model

Study on Absorption Rate by Eccentric Mechanical Stirring in Gas Injection Refining for Iron and Steel Making

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S2期18卷 166-171页

作者： MASAMICHI sano Nagoya University

In gas injection refining processes, a great amount of gas is injected into molten metal in short time, so that very large bubbles are inevitably formed. Wide dispersion of small bubbles in the bath is indispensable for high refining efficiency. Eccentric mechanical stirring with unidirectional impeller rotation was tested using a water model for pursuing better bubble disintegration and dispersion. Absorption rate are used to research on the influence law of the bubble dispersion and disintegration and gas-liquid absorption by the influence of, rotation mode, rotation speed and gas flow rate. Compared to the experimental results of absorption rate under eccentric stirring and centric stirring ,provide the scientific experimental and theoretical guidance for high-temperature experiment of hot metal desulfurization .According to experimental and theoretical analysis, this paper has studied various factors effecting on gas absorption process and volumetric mass transfer coefficient using the system of *** results show that:the volumetric mass transfer coefficient and absorption efficiency of CO2 can be increased under eccentric stirring mode, Because bubble disperse quickly with eccentric mechanical stirring, which results in promoting complete reaction between CO2 and NaOH, and improving the mass transfer coefficient and absorption. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient and efficiency of CO2 increase with the increasing rotation speed under the condition of eccentric stirring .But volumetric mass transfer coefficient and efficiency of CO2 decrease with the increasing rotation speed under the condition of centric stirring.

关键词： eccentric stirring bubble dispersion bubble disintegration volumetric mass transfer coefficient efficiency of CO2

Crustal Signature of δ^(13)C and Nitrogen Content in Microdiamonds from Erzgebirge, Germany: Ion Microprobe Studies

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 623-634页

作者： Larissa f Dobrzhinetskaya Harry W Green II Naoto Takahata Yuji sano Korato Shirai Department of Earth Sciences University of California at Riverside Riverside 92521 USA Division of Ocean-Earth Systems Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Chiba 277-8564 Japan

The study of δ13CCpDB （Pee Dee Belemnite） and nitrogen contents in 1 to 5-pm-diameter microdinmonds included in garnets from the qnartz-feldspathic gneisses （Erzgehirge, Germany） was performed in situ with the Nano-scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer. The results revealed that there were two stages of diamond crystallization from a C-O-H supeeritical fluid rich in biogenic carbon and diverse minor elements of crustal origin. The δ13CCpDB Of the Erzgebirge diamond of the first stage falls in the range -17‰ to 19‰, with an average value of -17.8‰; the average content of nitrogen is 820 ppm. Diamonds of the second stage are characterized by δ13CPDB=-21.5‰ to -25.5‰, with an average value of -23.24‰; the average nitrogen content is non-homogeneously scattered from 740 ppm to 3 370 ppm among 6 diamonds situated in garnets within the same polished rock slide. Both diamond of the first stage and diamond of the second stage carbon reservoirs belong to biogenic matter, therefore confirming deep subduction of the continental crust sediments and their subsequent exhumation during the Variscan orogeny.

关键词： metamorphic diamond carbon isotope nitrogen content geochemistry.