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Climate change impacts on eutrophication in the Po River(Italy):Temperature-mediated reduction in nitrogen export but no effect on phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第9期143卷 148-163页

作者： Elisa soana Maria Pia Gervasio Tommaso Granata Daniela colombo Giuseppe Castaldelli Department of Environmental and Prevention sciences University of FerraraVia Luigi Borsari 4644121 FerraraItaly CEsI-Italian Electrical and Technical Experimental Center via Rubattino 5420134MilanoItaly

Rivers worldwide are under stress from eutrophication and nitrate pollution,but the ecological consequences overlap with climate change,and the resulting interactions may be unexpected and still unexplored.The Po River basin(northern Italy)is one of the most agriculturally productive and densely populated areas in Europe.It remains unclear whether the climate change impacts on the thermal and hydrological regimes are already affecting nutrient dynamics and transport to coastal areas.The present work addresses the long-term trends(1992-2020)of nitrogen and phosphorus export by investigating both the annual magnitude and the seasonal patterns and their relationship with water temperature and discharge trajectories.Despite the constant diffuse and point sources in the basin,a marked decrease(-20%)in nitrogen export,mostly as nitrate,was recorded in the last decade compared to the 1990 s,while no significant downward trend was observed for phosphorus.The water temperature of the Po River has warmed,with the most pronounced signals in summer(+0.13℃/year)and autumn(+0.16℃/year),together with the strongest increase in the number of warm days(+70%-80%).An extended seasonal window of warm temperatures and the persistence of low flow periods are likely to create favorable conditions for permanent nitrate removal via denitrification,resulting in a lower delivery of reactive nitrogen to the sea.The present results show that climate change-driven warming may enhance nitrogen processing by increasing respiratory river metabolism,thereby reducing export from spring to early autumn,when the risk of eutrophication in coastal zones is higher.

关键词： Nutrient export Eutrophication Climate change Water temperature Denitrification Po River

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Weather influenced nestling growth of an insectivorous but not a granivorous grassland passerine in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 156-162页

作者： Martín Alejandro colombo Adrian Jauregui Luciano N.segura Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves.Institute“Dr.Raúl A.Ringuelet”(ILPLA)-UNLP/CONICET Boulevard 1201437La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina

Nestling growth of birds can be affected by weather fluctuations.In general,it is expected that higher temper-atures favor growth by improving food availability and nestling metabolism,while rain hinders it by reducing foraging efficiency.However,most of these patterns have been described in insectivorous cavity-nesting birds in temperate forests.We tested these predictions in two neotropical grassland ground-nesting birds with contrasting nestling diets and therefore potentially different responses to weather.We measured nestlings of the Hellmayr’s Pipit(Anthus hellmayri,an insectivorous passerine)and the Grassland Yellow-finch(sicalis luteola,which feeds its nestlings exclusively with seeds)during three breeding seasons(2017-2020)in central-eastern Argentina.We took measurements of tarsus and body mass,modeled growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects models,and evaluated the effects of minimum daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period and the 30 days prior to hatching.for pipits(60 nestlings from 21 nests),minimum temperatures during the growth period were positively associated with tarsus and body mass asymptotes.Also,there was a positive association between precipitation during the pre-hatching period and tarsus asymptote.Conversely,none of the weather variables analyzed had significant effects on nestling growth of finches(131 nestlings from 35 nests).Dietary contrast between species may explain the different results.Arthropod activity and abundance can be affected by weather variations within the span of a breeding season,whereas seeds may depend on conditions from previous years,making the effects harder to detect.fledglings with reduced asymptotic size can have reduced chances of sur-vival.Hence,pipit populations could be impacted if they experience cold and dry conditions during their breeding season,which is of major relevance in the current context of climate change.

关键词： finches Grassland birds Neotropical birds Pipits Precipitation Temperature

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Twisted and Absolute Degrees of Maps into the Projective Plane

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 2024年

作者： Marcio colombo fENILLE Daciberg Lima GON?ALVEs Universidade federal de Uberlandia – Instituto de Matemática e Estatística.Av.Jo?o Naves deávila 2121 Santa M?nica Universidade de s?o Paulo – Instituto de Matemática e Estatística.Rua do Mat?o 1010 Cidade Universitária

for each based map f : X → RP2from a closed surface into the real projective plane, we compute its absolute and twisted degrees and describe the action of the fundamental group of RP2over the based homotopy class of f. We emphasize the finding that for any nonorientable closed surface,there exists only one based homotopy class of maps from it into RP2whose maps have twisted degree zero and absolute degree nonzero – which shows that, unlike the absolute degree, the twisted degree is not able to detect the strong surjectivity in this setting. In all the other scenarios, the absolute degree of each map is either equal to the twisted degree or its absolute value – and so the twisted degree detects strong surjectivity.

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Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.B.Zhang s.J.song f.Liu state Key Laboratory of solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPfE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive deformations.Accordingly,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).By detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase interface.It then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic correlation.Then by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and ductility.such hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

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Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： N.IQBAL J.CHOI s.f.sHAH C.LEE s.LEE Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(NMC)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary NMC particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more homogeneously.Besides,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress mitigation.This paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of NMC active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(NMC)

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Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights into clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and adherence challenges

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 828-852页

作者： Mahmoud Emad-Eldin Gehan f Balata Eman A Elshorbagy Mona s Hamed Mohamed s Attia Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyZagazig UniversityZagazig HFQM+872Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyHeliopolis UniversityCairo 44519Egypt Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of PharmacyZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt Department of Community at faculty of Medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt

Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in the management of type 2 diabetes as the disease progresses.Over the past century,insulin formulations have undergone significant modifications and bioengineering,resulting in a diverse range of available insulin products.These products show distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.Consequently,various insulin regimens have em-erged for the management of type 2 diabetes,including premixed formulations and combinations of basal and bolus insulins.The utilization of different insulin regimens yields disparate clinical outcomes,adverse events,and,notably,patient-reported outcomes(PROs).PROs provide valuable insights from the patient’s perspective,serving as a valuable mine of information for enhancing healthcare and informing clinical decisions.Adherence to insulin therapy,a critical patient-reported outcome,significantly affects clinical outcomes and is influenced by multiple factors.This review provides insights into the clinical effectiveness of various insulin preparations,PROs,and factors impacting insulin therapy adherence,with the aim of enhancing healthcare practices and informing clinical decisions for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Adherence Diabetes Insulin Patient-reported outcomes Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic

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The soluble glycoprotein NMB(GPNMB)produced by macrophages induces cancer sternness and metastasis via CD44 and IL-33

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第3期18卷 711-722页

作者： M.Liguori E.Digifico A.Vacchini R.Avigni f.s.colombo E.M.Borroni f.M.farina s.Milanesi A.Castagna L.Mannarino I.Craparotta s.Marchini E.Erba N.Panini M.Tamborini V.Rimoldi P.Allavena C.Belgiovine IRCCs Humanitas Clinical and Research Center Via Manzoni 5620089 RozzanoMlItaly Department of Biomedical sciences Humanitas Universityvia Rita Levi Montalcini 420089 Pieve EmanueleItaly Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine Universita degli Studi di MilanoVia Fratelli Cervi20090 SegrateItaly Department of Oncology Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS20156 MilanItaly

In cancer,myeloid cells have tumor-supporting roles.We reported that the protein GPNMB(glycoprotein nonmetastatic B)was profoundly upregulated in macrophages interacting with tumor cells.Here,using mouse tumor models,we show that macrophage-derived soluble GPNMB increases tumor growth and metastasis in Gpnmb-mutant mice(DBA/2J).GPNMB triggers in the cancer cells the formation of self-renewing spheroids,which are characterized by the expression of cancer stem cell markers,prolonged cell survival and increased tumor-forming ability.Through the CD44 receptor,GPNMB mechanistically activates tumor cells to express the cytokine IL-33 and its receptor UR1L. We also determined that recombinant IL-33 binding to IL-1R1L is sufficient to induce tumor spheroid formation with features of cancer stem cells.Overall,our results reveal a new paracrine axis,GPNMB and IL-33,which is activated during the cross talk of macrophages with tumor cells and eventually promotes cancer cell survival,the expansion of cancer stem cells and the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype.

关键词： cancer stem cells GPNMB IL-33 metastasis tumor associated macrophages

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Adsorption of yttrium(Y^(3+)) and concentration of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 775-782页

作者： Glaydson s.dos Reis Diana Pinto sabrina f.Lütke Eder C.Lima Luis f.O.silva Irineu A.s.De Brum Guilherme L.Dotto Department of forest Biomaterials and Technology Biomass Technology Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaE13Swedn Universidad De La Costa Calle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering(ENGEPAC) Federal University of Santa MariaAv.Roraima100079705900Santa MariaRSBrazil Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul90040060Porto AlegreBrazil

Chitin powder and chitin-aerogel were prepared from shrimp wastes and used to uptake Y^(3+)from aqueous solutions and concentrate this rare earth element from phosphogypsum(PG).Chitin aerogel displays a specific surface area of 945 m^(2)/g,while chitin powder is 3.6 m^(2)/g,which largely influences its adsorption ability.Regarding the adsorption in synthetic solutions,the effect of pH on Y^(3+)removal is strong for chitin powder adsorbent.In contrast,no big pH influence was detected for chitin aerogel.Electrostatic interactions and chelation can highlight the proposed mechanism of Y^(3+)on chitin adsorbents for the powder and aerogel.furthermore,in addition to these interactions,pore filling/pore diffusion is the main mechanism of Y^(3+)removal in the chitin aerogel.Chitin aerogel is efficient in concentrating 8 times the Y^(3+)from PG,a very complex matrix.The complex chitin aerogel-Y^(3+)can be a secondary source of rare earth elements for other applications.

关键词： Rare earths sustainable material Chitin powder Chitin porous aerogel Yttrium adsorption and recovery

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Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage as a rescue approach in cases of unsuccessful biliary drainage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 70-78页

作者： Alessandro fugazza Kareem Khalaf Katarzyna M Pawlak Marco spadaccini Matteo colombo Marta Andreozzi Marco Giacchetto silvia Carrara Chiara ferrari Cecilia Binda Benedetto Mangiavillano Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Division of Gastroenterology St.Michael’s HospitalUniversity of TorontoToronto M5B 1W8ONCanada Department of Anesthesia Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsRomagna 47121Italy Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Humanitas Mater DominiCastellanza 21100Italy Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPavia 27100Italy

This narrative review provides an overview of the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage(EUs-GBD)as a salvage approach in cases of unsuccessful conventional management.EUs-GBD is a minimally invasive and effective technique for drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis with high risk of surgery.The procedure has demonstrated impressive technical and clinical success rates with low rates of adverse events,making it a safe and effective option for appropriate candidates.furthermore,EUs-GBD can also serve as a rescue option for patients who have failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or EUs biliary drainage for relief of jaundice in malignant biliary stricture.However,patient selection is critical for the success of EUs-GBD,and proper patient selection and risk assessment are important to ensure the safety and efficacy of the procedure.As the field continues to evolve and mature,ongoing research will further refine our understanding of the benefits and limitations of EUs-GBD,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for patients.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage Gallbladder drainage Acute cholecystitis Malignant obstruction Interventional endoscopic ultrasound Lumen-apposing metal stents

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Numerical Analysis of the Magnetic Dipole Effect on a Radiative ferromagnetic Liquid flowing over a Porous stretched sheet

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fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 293-310页

作者： G.Dharmaiah f.Mebarek-Oudina K.s.Balamurugan N.Vedavathi Department of Mathematics Narasaraopeta Engineering CollegeNarasaraopetIndia Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of 20 Août 1955-SkikdaSkikdaAlgeria Department of Mathematics RVR&JC College of EngineeringGunturIndia Department of Mathematics Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramIndia

The effects of a magnetic dipole on a nonlinear thermally radiative ferromagnetic liquidﬂowing over a stretched surface in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are investigated.By means of a similarity transformation,ordinary differential equations are derived and solved afterwards using a numerical(the BVP4C)method.The impact of various parameters,namely the velocity,temperature,concentration,is presented graphically.It is shown that the nanoparticles properties,in conjunction with the magnetic dipole effect,can increase the thermal conductivity of the engineered nanoﬂuid and,consequently,the heat transfer.Comparison with earlier studies indicates high accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical approach.An increase in the Brow-nian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter enhances the concentration and the related boundary layer.The skin-friction rises when the viscosity parameter is increased.A larger value of the ferromagnetic para-meter results in a higher skin-friction and,vice versa,in a smaller Nusselt number.

关键词： Brownian motion thermo-phoresis radiation magnetic dipole BVP4C non-linear

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