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Land Use and Soil Texture Effects on Organic Carbon Change in Dryland Soils, Senegal

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第6期3卷 253-262页

作者： Assize Touré Emile temgoua Claire Guenat Bo Elberling Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE) Dakar-Fann Sénégal faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Institute of Geogra- phy Copenhagen Denmark. Swiss federal Institute of Technology EPfL ENAC IIE ECOS Lausanne Switzerland

Soil organic carbon (SOC) losses due to poor soil management in dryland are now well documented. However, the influence of soil properties on organic carbon change is not well known. The groundnut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), and the dominant crop system in the Senegal’s Soudanian zone, have been compared with semi-natural savanna. Leaves, stems and roots biomass were measured, and soil characteristics were analysed. The total leaves and stems biomass was 1.7 and 2.7 Mg ha-1 dry matter in groundnut fields and savanna respectively. Total SOC stocks were low (8 to 20 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 0.2 m depth, 20 to 64 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 1 m depth) and were significantly lower (P δ13C values show that SOC quality is transformed from the savanna plants (C4/C3 mixed-pools) to C3-pools in groundnut cultivated zone, with the organic matter signature more preserved in the clayey soils. This study confirms that converting woodland to groundnut fields provokes texture transformation and SOC loss. The results call for the extreme necessity to regenerate the wooded zone or encourage practices that favour SOC restitution.

关键词： δ13C Dryland Land Use Soil Organic Carbon Soil Texture

Evaluating the Role of Governance in the Management of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal of forestry 2022年第4期12卷 408-431页

作者： Steve Nanfack Tassiamba Jean Lagarde Betti Lucie félicité temgoua Liliane Rosine Kourogue Armand Wilfried Ndedy Bile Alain Rayane Mpouam Department of forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon faculty of Science Department of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms University of Douala Douala Cameroon

One of the problems at the root of the poor management of forest resources in Cameroon is the lack of good governance. This study aims to evaluate the governance put in place by the government of Cameroon to ensure better management of Prunus africana. It takes a critical look at the three pillars of forest governance in relation to the management of the resource, which are: policy, legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks (1);planning and decision-making process (2);and finally the implementation, enforcement and compliance of regulations (3). The assessment was conducted using the guide recommended by fAO-PROfOR. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in the P. africana management process. The results in the form of assessment scores revealed poor governance in the management of the resource. This is due to non-compliance with Pillars 2 and 3 on the planning and decision-making process as well as the implementation and enforcement of regulations through weaknesses in the principles of transparency, accountability, the effectiveness of management measures and stakeholder participation. These are the points on which management strategies should be based for better management of P. africana in the production forests of the Adamawa region.

关键词： forest Governance Prunus africana Stakeholders Pillars Components

Neurodevelopmental Problems in Children at 9 Months of Age Associated with Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第2期7卷 98-108页

作者： Evelyn Mungyeh Mah Seraphin Nguefack Hélène Kamo Selangai Andréas Chiabi Mbassi Awa félicité Dongmo Mazou Ngou temgoua Elie Mbonda Affiliation Department of Pediatrics Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya foundation Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Neonatal asphyxia is a major cause of infant morbidity in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to describe the short-term neurological outcome of children following neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from May 2010 to September 2013. We included 39 exposed cases against 78 non-exposed cases followed-up for at least 9 months. The variables studied were: age, sex, head circumference, neurological sequelae, postural anomalies and motor skills and developmental age/quotient. The data collected were analyzed using Epi info software version 3.5.3. The fisher Exact Test was used to compare the variables with a significance threshold defined for p Results: We recruited 39 cases for 78 controls. The majority (74.40%) of cases were classified as HIE Sarnat 3 and 25.60% Sarnat 2. Most of the children were aged 12 - 36 months with a mean age of 18 months. The male sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.2;and 61.50% of children with HIE had head circumference Conclusion: The frequency of neurological sequelae following HIE was high in our series. Efforts should be made to prevent perinatal asphyxia and to ensure the availability of material and staff trained to help babies’ breath in all the delivery rooms in our maternities.

关键词： Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation Cameroon

Soil Properties and Land Capability Evaluation in a Mountainous Ecosystem of North-West Cameroon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第7期6卷 15-33页

作者： P. Azinwi Tamfuh E. temgoua P. Wotchoko A. Boukong D. Bitom Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Geology Higher Teacher Training College The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Up to date, tropical mountainous ecosystems still lack in depth information on soil and environmental characteristics which are major factors limiting optimum crop production. The objective of this work was to study soil characteristics and to evaluate the land capability level for the production of some common tropical crops in mountainous ecosystem soils of North West Cameroon. Soil sampling was done following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications for three topographic positions (upslope, midslope and footslope) and at two depths (0 - 20 cm and 20 - 100 cm). It was completed by standard laboratory analyses. The fertility capability classification (fCC) system enabled to identify soil limitations and to classify soils into fCC units. Land and climate were evaluated by simple limitation and parametric methods. Globally, the soils were dark-colored, sandy clayey to clayey, compact and very acidic (pHH2O = 4.3 - 5.8). The organic matter (3.7% - 5.1% dry matter), total nitrogen (0.08% - 0.56%) and available phosphorus (22.1 to 30.9 mg?kg?1) recorded for the 0 - 20 cm depth then reduced with depth but midslope values were also lower. The C/N ratio varied between 9 and 45. Low C/N values appeared mostly in 0 - 20 cm depth at the upslope and downslope soils and subsurface soils of midslope position. Exchangeable Ca was very low to low (1.43 - 3.6 cmol + kg?1), Mg was very low to low (0.39 - 1.5 cmol + kg?1), K was low to medium (0.2 - 0.54 cmol + kg?1) and Na was very low (?1). The sum of exchangeable bases was very low (3.02 - 5.19 cmol + kg?1), cation exchange capacity was low to moderate (8.60 - 25.6 cmol + kg?1) and base saturation was very low to low (19.27% - 36.97%). Leaching of bases under heavy rainfall is a major cause of soil acidification under humid topical ecosystems. The Ca/Mg/K ratio was unbalanced and Mg was the most relatively concentrated base in all the soils. There was a clear variation of most of the soil properties along t

关键词： Land Evaluation fertility Capability Evaluation Nutrient Status Mountainous Ecosystem Bafut North-West Cameroon

Plant Biodiversity and Structure of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) Agroforests in Cameroon

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Open Journal of forestry 2023年第2期13卷 225-241页

作者： Ngomeni Arlende flore Chimi Djomo Cédric Kabelong Banoho Louis Paul Roger temgoua Lucie félicité Avana Marie Louise Tchamba Ngankam Martin Bidzanga Nnomo Lucien Emmanuel Institute of Agricultural Research for the Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for the Development (IRAD) Yokadouma Cameroon Plant Systematics and Ecology Unit Laboratory of Botany and Ecology Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Agroforests are man-made ecosystems in which crops are associated with a main perennial species like Robusta Coffee Agroforests (RCAs), which is counted among the main modes of perennial crops production in Cameroon. Despite the rich ecosystem services provided, the diversity of Associated Species (AS) found in these RCAs and the structure of the landscapes they form remain little known in Cameroon. The current study aimed to inventory AS and characterize the structure of RCAs in four sites (Ayos, Malantouen, Melong and Nkongsamba) belonging to three robusta coffee production basins in Cameroon. A systematic inventory with dendrometric measurements of the wood AS and coffee trees was carried out on 120 one-hectare plot unit, i.e. 30 plots per site. The results showed that 102 AS belonging to 83 genera and 41 families were identified in these RCAs. The RCAs of Ayos in the dense rainforest zone with bimodal rainfall pattern were the most diverse with 71 species, followed by those of Melong and Nkongsamba with respectively 39 and 33 species respectively in the dense rainforest zone with monomodal rainfall pattern, and Malantouen with 33 species in the high savannahs of the west. Structurally, average coffee tree and AS densities founded ranged from 1208 - 1456 plants/ha and 71 - 214 stems/ha and those of basal area from 7.29 - 17.40 m2/ha for coffee trees and 7.97 - 16.14 m2/ha for AS in function of site. Basis on the vertical stratification, the proportion of the 3 - 6 m stratum, which is mainly represented by introduced AS, varied from 38% - 62% depending on the site. The results of this study showed that RCAs contribute to the conservation of plant biodiversity, given the specific richness identified in these ecosystems.

关键词： Associated Species Species Richness Horizontal Structure Vertical Structure Production Basin

Patterns of Mortality Occurrence in a Cardiology Unit of a Low-Income Country: A Critical Analysis at the YaoundéCentral Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 126-134页

作者： Liliane Mfeukeu Kuaté Mazou Ngou temgoua Hamadou Ba Chris Nadège Nganou Doriane Mbono Bidias Ndongo Joel Nouktadie Tochie Eugene Sobngwi faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Cardiology Unit Central Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: In-hospital mortality is high in low-income countries. Currently, little is known in Cameroon concerning the characteristics of patients who die in cardiology units. Our objectives were to determine the in-hospital mortality rate;describe the general characteristics of death patients, and factors associated with mortality. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study by reviewing the medical records of all patients admitted to the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (CHY) between January 2018 andJanuary 2019. The files of all death patients were studied for socio-demographical, clinical and therapeutical variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted to order to check the association between independents variables and time of death. A p-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: font-family:Verdana;">A total number of 860 patients were admitted in the cardiology unit of CHY during the study period. Amongst the 860 patients admitted 78 had a fatal outcome, hence, an in-hospital mortality rate of 9.06%. The male gender was predominant amongst the deceased patients (n = 45). The mean age at death was 69 ± 15.19 years. The median time before death was 6 days and they ranged between 1 to 25 days. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (65.4%). Stroke was the principal cause of admission (40.3%), whereas the main presenting complaint was dyspnea (26.9%). Before being a

关键词： Mortality Occurrence Low Income Country Yaoundé Central Hospital Criti-cal Analysis

Performance Improvement in Manufacturing Shop floor Operations of Developing Countries Based on Three Characteristics of Information flow

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第3期10卷 46-65页

作者： Joseph Voufo André Marie Mbakop florent Biyeme Rolland Djomi Pélagie flore Nanfack temgoua Jean Raymond Lucien Meva’a National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaoundé (NASEY) Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Yaoundé Cameroon Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation National Committee for Development of Technologies Yaoundé Cameroon

The management of information flow for production improvement has always been a target in the research. In this paper, the focus is on the analysis model of the characteristics of information flow in shop floor operations based on the influence that dimension (support or medium), direction and the quality information flow have on the value of information flow using machine learning classification algorithms. The obtained results of classification algorithms used to analyze the value of information flow are Decision Trees (DT) and Random forest (Rf) with a score of 0.99% and the mean absolute error of 0.005. The results also show that the management of information flow using DT or Rf shows that, the dimension of information such as digital information has the greatest value of information flow in shop floor operations when the shop floor is totally digitalized. Direction of information flow does not have any great influence on shop floor operations processes when the operations processes are digitalized or done by operators as machines.

关键词： Developing Countries Information flow Characteristics Machine Learning Shop floor Operations Value of Information flow

Assessing and Mapping Land Suitability Units for Maize (Zea mays L) Production Using Integrated DEMATEL-ANP Model and GIS in the foumbot Agricultural Basin (Cameroon Western Highlands)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 57-85页

作者： Bertrand Kenzong Dieudonné Bitondo Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Georges Simplice Kouedeu Kameni Joseph Guepi Vounang Roger Kogge Enang Emile temgoua Dieudonné Bitom Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Land suitability assessment (LSA) is an essential step in the process of determining environmental limits for sustainable crop production. Up to date, studies on LSA for crop production in Cameroon have been based on empirical methods which are limited as they consider similar singnificance levels for all evaluation criteria and do not consider the interrelationships of criteria in the best-fit models. In the present study a qualitative land suitability evaluation by an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and geographic information system (GIS) was tested to assess and map suitable land units for maize (Zea mays L) production in Cameroon Western highland. Eight environmental criteria identified as the most relevant for maize production in the area of interest (AOI) saw their thematic maps prepared using ArcGIS 10.8. The relationship between criteria was considered by the DEMATEL method. The criteria were weighted using the ANP method. Thereafter, the land suitability map was obtained using the weighted overlay analysis (WOA) in ArcGIS. The results obtained indicated that slope has the highest specific weight and consequently the greatest influence on land suitability for maize production in the locality. The land suitability map generated showed that foumbot’s agricultural land suitability for maize production varies from very high to marginally suitable (99% of the surface area). Specifically, 11% (8056 ha) is very highly suitable, 29% (21,119 ha) is highly suitable, 38% (27,405 ha) are moderately suitable and 20% (14,422 ha) are marginally suitable. The remaining 1% that falls under non suitable class represents 606 ha and is located on the steep slopes around the Mount Mbappit. The kappa analysis reveals a total overall accuracy of 78.67% and a kappa value of 0.7256 with an asymptotic error of 0.058 which is good. Then the model used in this research is highly recommended for future land evaluation works in Cameroon and similar ecosystems ar

关键词： Decision Making Trial Evaluation Laboratory Analytical Network Process Geographic Information System Land Evaluation Maize Weighted Overlay Analysis foumbot Western Cameroon

Characteristics, fertility Status and fertility Capability Classification of Steep Slope Soils of the Dschang Cliff (Cameroon Western Highlands)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第7期9卷 164-179页

作者： Evariste Desire Moundjeu Emile temgoua Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Joseph Guepi Vounang Jean-Paul Youssie Kabiwa Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong Dieudonné Bitom Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Mountainous ecosystem soils are subject to colonization nowadays for agricultural purposes due to an increasing population in towns making the detailed characterization of such soils indispensable. This work aims to characterize the steep slopes soils of the Dschang hills and to evaluate their fertility level for agricultural valorization. Thus, four soil profiles were dug at various topographic positions (summit (SP), shoulder (MP), backslope (BP) and footslope (PP)) following a toposequence. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soils were taken and analyzed in the laboratory according to standard methods. The Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) and simple limitation methods were used to identify major agricultural constraints. The main results show that profiles thickness is moderate, between 0 and 120 cm, with a high sand content (at least 50%) over the entire toposequence, especially at the surface. The study site has four types of soils, namely Eutric Cambisols (ochric) in SP and Leptic

关键词： Steep Slope Soils fertility Capability Classification Nutrient Balance Cameroon Western Highlands