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An unexpected cellular fountain of youth:platelets provide factors rejuvenating brain functions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 16-18页

作者： Harald f.Langer Department of Cardiology AngiologyHaemostaseology and Medical Intensive CareUniversity Medical Centre MannheimMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimMannheimGermany European Center for Angioscience Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany Cardiovascular systems biology Medical Clinic IUniversity Heart Center LübeckLübeckGermany

In a recent manuscript published in Nature,Schroer et al.discovered that platelets and in particular platelet derived Pf-4(CXCL4)are a novel factor,which can rejuvenate the mammalian neuronal system.1 These findings have the potential to trigger an entire new field of research opening new platelet-derived candidate effector molecules for supporting regeneration.

关键词： supporting platelets finding

Premature axon-oligodendrocyte interaction contributes to stalling of experimental axon regeneration after injury to the white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 469-470页

作者： Ephraim f.Trakhtenberg Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA

Studies from nearly 3 decades ago suggested that,in the central nervous system(CNS),myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes not only helps improve axonal conductivity but also stabilizes circuitry(Colello and Schwab,1994).Over the years,myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes have been found to contain multiple molecules that are inhibitory to axonal growth(e.g.,MAG,NogoA,OMgp,Semaphorins)(Yiu and He,2006;Silver et al.,2014).After white matter injury in the adult CNS,myelin debris from damaged axons and dead oligodendrocytes accumulates in the forming glial scar and exposes these myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules to the injured axonal stumps,thereby contributing to the inhibition of axonal regrowth.During development,CNS axons reach their postsynaptic targets and stop growing before oligodendrocytes appear and myelinate them(foran and Peterson,1992;Dangata et al.,1996).Therefore,myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules interacting with already grown axons during myelination were thought to block axons from promiscuous sprouting and miswiring,thereby stabilizing neural circuitry in the CNS(Colello and Schwab,1994).

关键词： thereby white injury

Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.L.Ruitenberg Department of Health Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

People with neurodegenerative disorders often experience problems across a variety of functional domains,including cognition,movement,and psychosocial functioning.The classification of these disorders is based on the phenotypical manifestations that represent the most prominent clinical features.for example,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typically regarded as movement disorders,whereas Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and evolution.There is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional factors.Yet,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to some.The current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML settings.Bolstering the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application standpoint.To this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path forward.Afterall,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

Attempts to restore loss of function in damaged ACD cells open the way to non-mutational oncogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 5-6页

作者： Vladimir f.Niculescu 86420 Diedorf Kirschenweg 1Germany

This correspondence to Gene&Diseases calls attention to the controversy between proponents of genetic modification in carcinogenesis and supporters of non-mutational oncogenesis.Data from molecular cancer research and findings from evolutionary cancer cell biology support the latter claim and provide no rationale for the mutational origin of sporadic cancers.It is more conceivable that the general susceptibility of asymmetric cell division(ACD)phenotypes to oxygen leads to irreparable DNA defects and dysregulated defective symmetric cell division(DscD)phenotypes.

关键词： rational latter finding

Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinflammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika fujii Charles f.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

The viscous strip approach to simplify the calculation of the surface acoustic wave generated streaming

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 711-724页

作者： f.JAZINI DORCHEH M.GHASSEMI fuel Cells and Nano Systems(fCNS)Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19697Iran

In recent decades,the importance of surface acoustic waves,as a biocompatible tool to integrate with microfluidics,has been proven in various medical and biological applications.The numerical modeling of acoustic streaming caused by surface acoustic waves in microchannels requires the effect of viscosity to be considered in the equations which complicates the solution.In this paper,it is shown that the major contribution of viscosity and the horizontal component of actuation is concentrated in a narrow region alongside the actuation boundary.Since the inviscid equations are considerably easier to solve,a division into the viscous and inviscid domains would alleviate the computational load significantly.The particles'traces calculated by this approximation are excellently alongside their counterparts from the completely viscous model.It is also shown that the optimum thickness for the viscous strip is about 9-fold the acoustic boundary layer thickness for various flow patterns and amplitudes of actuation.

关键词： surface acoustic wave microfluidics numerical simulation particle tracing acoustic streaming

Are we ready to use new endoscopic scores for ulcerative colitis?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1466-1469页

作者： Rodrigo Quera Paulina Núñez f Universidad de los Andes Inflammatory Bowel Disease ProgramClinica Universidad de los AndesDigestive Disease CenterSantiago 7600976RMChile Digestive Disease Center Inflammatory Bowel Disease ProgramClínica Universidad de los AndesSantiago 7620157Chile Department of Gastroenterology Universidad de Chile-Hospital San Juan de DiosSantiago 770123Chile

for ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in management.The focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore are commonly used for evaluation.However,these indices primarily consider the most severely affected region.Liu et al recent study validates the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score offering a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory activity across diverse segments of the colon and rectum and a reliable index correlating strongly with UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and moderately with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Despite recommendation,certain aspects warrant further invest-igation.fecal calprotectin,an intermediate target,correlates with TIGER and should be explored.Determining TIGER scores defining endoscopic remission and response,evaluating agreement with histological activity,and assessing inter-endoscopist agreement for TIGER require scrutiny.Exploring the correlation between TIGER and intestinal ultrasound,akin to MES,adds value.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Score index

Clinical studies in COVID-related olfactory disorders:Review of an institutional experience

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 129-136页

作者： Theresa Tharakan Dorina Kallogjeri Jay f.Piccirillo Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Outcomes Research OfficeSchool of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA

Objective:To share a single institutional experience with clinical research on COVID-related olfactory dysfunction(OD).Data Source/Method:Narrative review of published original data and ongoing clinical trials on COVID-related OD at Washington University from 2020 to 2023.Results:There were three new diagnostic-/patient-reported outcome measures developed and tested.We report five clinical trials of interventions for COVID-related olfactory disorders:combined Visual-Olfactory Training(VOLT)with patient-preferred scents versus standard olfactory training(VOLT trial),oral gabapentin versus placebo(Gabapentin for the Relief of Acquired Chemosensory Experience trial),nasal theophylline irrigations versus placebo(Smell Changes and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline trial),stellate ganglion block(single-arm),and mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)versus lifestyle intervention(MBSR trial).Conclusions:Initial intervention trials for COVID-related OD have shown potential for improving subjective and objective olfactory outcomes.However,there remains no gold standard treatment that definitively outperforms placebo in controlled trials.Therefore,continued investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-related OD is necessary to maximize olfactory outcomes for affected patients.

关键词： chemosensory disorders COVID olfactory dysfunction