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frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

Describing failure in geomaterials using second-order work approach

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Water Science and Engineering 2015年第2期8卷 89-95页

作者： franois Nicot félix darve Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement et de l'Agriculture(IRSTEA) Erosion Torrentielle Neige et Avalanches (ETNA)Geomechanics GroupGrenoble 38402 France Université Joseph fourier (UJf)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire SolsSolides Structures et RisquesGrenoble 38041 France

Geomaterials are known to be non-associated materials. Granular soils therefore exhibit a variety of failure modes, with diffuse or localized kinematical patterns. In fact, the notion of failure itself can be confusing with regard to granular soils, because it is not associated with an obvious phenomenology. In this study, we built a proper framework, using the second-order work theory, to describe some failure modes in geomaterials based on energy conservation. The occurrence of failure is defined by an abrupt increase in kinetic energy. The increase in kinetic energy from an equilibrium state, under incremental loading, is shown to be equal to the difference between the external second-order work,involving the external loading parameters, and the internal second-order work, involving the constitutive properties of the material. When a stress limit state is reached, a certain stress component passes through a maximum value and then may decrease. Under such a condition, if a certain additional external loading is applied, the system fails, sharply increasing the strain rate. The internal stress is no longer able to balance the external stress, leading to a dynamic response of the specimen. As an illustration, the theoretical framework was applied to the well-known undrained triaxial test for loose soils. The influence of the loading control mode was clearly highlighted. It is shown that the plastic limit theory appears to be a particular case of this more general second-order work theory. When the plastic limit condition is met, the internal second-order work is nil. A class of incremental external loadings causes the kinetic energy to increase dramatically, leading to the sudden collapse of the specimen, as observed in laboratory.

关键词： failure in geomaterials Undrained triaxial loading path Second-order work Kinetic energy Plastic limit condition Control parameter

Premature axon-oligodendrocyte interaction contributes to stalling of experimental axon regeneration after injury to the white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 469-470页

作者： Ephraim f.Trakhtenberg Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA

Studies from nearly 3 decades ago suggested that,in the central nervous system(CNS),myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes not only helps improve axonal conductivity but also stabilizes circuitry(Colello and Schwab,1994).Over the years,myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes have been found to contain multiple molecules that are inhibitory to axonal growth(e.g.,MAG,NogoA,OMgp,Semaphorins)(Yiu and He,2006;Silver et al.,2014).After white matter injury in the adult CNS,myelin debris from damaged axons and dead oligodendrocytes accumulates in the forming glial scar and exposes these myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules to the injured axonal stumps,thereby contributing to the inhibition of axonal *** development,CNS axons reach their postsynaptic targets and stop growing before oligodendrocytes appear and myelinate them(foran and Peterson,1992;Dangata et al.,1996).Therefore,myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules interacting with already grown axons during myelination were thought to block axons from promiscuous sprouting and miswiring,thereby stabilizing neural circuitry in the CNS(Colello and Schwab,1994).

关键词： thereby white injury

An unexpected cellular fountain of youth:platelets provide factors rejuvenating brain functions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 16-18页

作者： Harald f.Langer Department of Cardiology AngiologyHaemostaseology and Medical Intensive CareUniversity Medical Centre MannheimMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimMannheimGermany European Center for Angioscience Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany Cardiovascular systems biology Medical Clinic IUniversity Heart Center LübeckLübeckGermany

In a recent manuscript published in Nature,Schroer et *** that platelets and in particular platelet derived Pf-4(CXCL4)are a novel factor,which can rejuvenate the mammalian neuronal system.1 These findings have the potential to trigger an entire new field of research opening new platelet-derived candidate effector molecules for supporting regeneration.

关键词： supporting platelets finding

The viscous strip approach to simplify the calculation of the surface acoustic wave generated streaming

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 711-724页

作者： f.JAZINI DORCHEH M.GHASSEMI fuel Cells and Nano Systems(fCNS)Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19697Iran

In recent decades,the importance of surface acoustic waves,as a biocompatible tool to integrate with microfluidics,has been proven in various medical and biological *** numerical modeling of acoustic streaming caused by surface acoustic waves in microchannels requires the effect of viscosity to be considered in the equations which complicates the *** this paper,it is shown that the major contribution of viscosity and the horizontal component of actuation is concentrated in a narrow region alongside the actuation *** the inviscid equations are considerably easier to solve,a division into the viscous and inviscid domains would alleviate the computational load *** particles'traces calculated by this approximation are excellently alongside their counterparts from the completely viscous *** is also shown that the optimum thickness for the viscous strip is about 9-fold the acoustic boundary layer thickness for various flow patterns and amplitudes of actuation.

关键词： surface acoustic wave microfluidics numerical simulation particle tracing acoustic streaming

Antimicrobial,antibiofilm,angiogenesis,anti-inflammatory,and wound healing activities of zinc nanoparticles green synthesized using ferula macrecolea extract

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第6期14卷 259-268页

作者： Sultan f.Alnomasy Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityAl-Quwayiyah 19257Saudi Arabia

Objective:To assess the antimicrobial,antibiofilm,anti-inflammatory,angiogenic,and wound healing activities of zinc nanoparticles(ZNPs)green synthesized using ferula macrecolea ***:The green synthesis was conducted using the precipitation ***,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration 50%(MBIC50)of ZNPs against Staphylococcus aureus(***)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)were *** effects of ZNPs on the gene expressions of Staphylococcus spp.[intracellular adhesion A(icaA)and D(icaD)]and ***(rhlI and rhlR)were investigated using quantitative real-time *** addition,the effects of ZNPs on wound healing,angiogenesis,and anti-inflammatory markers were ***:The green-synthesized ZNPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy against *** and *** biofilm formation in *** and *** was also inhibited by ZNPs with MBIC50 values of 3.30μg/mL and 2.08μg/mL,***,ZNPs downregulated the expression of biofilm-related genes icaA,icaD,rhlI,and rhlR in the tested *** also demonstrated promising in vitro wound healing effects by promoting fibroblast cell proliferation and wound closure in a dose-dependent manner.A significant increase in the expression of HLA-G5 and VEGf-A genes as well as a marked decrease in the expression of Nf-κB,IL-1β,and TNf-αgenes were observed in cells treated with ZNPs compared to the control group(Pffects against *** and *** and wound-healing effects by inhibiting biofilm formation,inducing angiogenesis,and reducing ***,further studies must be conducted to specify the accurate mechanisms of action and toxicity of ZNPs.

关键词： Wound healing Antibacterial Angiogenesis Nanomedicine ferula macrecolea Inflammation

Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.L.Ruitenberg Department of Health Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

People with neurodegenerative disorders often experience problems across a variety of functional domains,including cognition,movement,and psychosocial *** classification of these disorders is based on the phenotypical manifestations that represent the most prominent clinical *** example,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typically regarded as movement disorders,whereas Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

Attempts to restore loss of function in damaged ACD cells open the way to non-mutational oncogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 5-6页

作者： Vladimir f.Niculescu 86420 Diedorf Germany Kirschenweg

This correspondence to Gene&Diseases calls attention to the controversy between proponents of genetic modification in carcinogenesis and supporters of non-mutational *** from molecular cancer research and findings from evolutionary cancer cell biology support the latter claim and provide no rationale for the mutational origin of sporadic *** is more conceivable that the general susceptibility of asymmetric cell division(ACD)phenotypes to oxygen leads to irreparable DNA defects and dysregulated defective symmetric cell division(DscD)phenotypes.

关键词： rational latter finding

Linking IL-10 signaling with lipid metabolic programs in macrophages:dysregulated ceramide homeostasis drives colitis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2835-2836页

作者： Imke Atreya Markus f.Neurath Department of Medicine 1 University Hospital of ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) ErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,York and coworkers identified the immunometabolic regulation of mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUfA)pools and the subsequent increase in sphingolipid biosynthesis in TLR2-activated macrophages as an important link between impaired IL-10 signaling and the development of intestinal inflammation.1 Thus,targeted interference with the newly identified IL-10/MUfA/sphingolipid axis appears as a promising strategy to restore immunometabolic homeostasis in the intestine of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).

关键词： homeostasis impaired intestine