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Characterization of hot electrons generated by laser-plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 74-89页

作者： E.D.filippov M.Khan A.Tentori P.Gajdos A.S.Martynenko R.Dudzak P.Koester G.Zeraouli D.Mancelli f.baffigi L.A.Gizzi S.A.Pikuz Ph.D.Nicolaï N.C.Woolsey R.fedosejevs M.Krus L.Juha D.Batani O.Renner G.Cristoforetti Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS Moscow 125412Russia York Plasma Institute School of PhysicsEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIATalence 33405France Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS PragueCzech Republic Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung64291 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Physics of the CAS PragueCzech Republic Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRPisa 56124Italy Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) Edicio M5Parque Científico.C Adaja8Salamanca 37185Spain Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers-IPPL Centre of Research and InnovationHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnonGreece Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaGreece National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2V4AlbertaCanada The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC ELI Beamlines FacilityDolníBˇrezanyCzech Republic

In an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System at laser intensities relevant to shock ignition conditions(I>10^(16) W/cm^(2)),the heating and transport of hot electrons were studied by using several complementary diagnostics,i.e.,K_(α)time-resolved imaging,hard x-ray filtering(a bremsstrahlung cannon),and electron spectroscopy.Ablators with differing composition from low Z(parylene N)to high Z(nickel)were used in multilayer planar targets to produce plasmas with different coronal temperature and collisionality and modify the conditions of hot-electron generation.The variety of available diagnostics allowed full characterization of the population of hot electrons,retrieving their conversion efficiency,time generation and duration,temperature,and angular divergence.The obtained results are shown to be consistent with those from detailed simulations and similar inertial confinement fusion experiments.Based on the measured data,the advantages,reliability,and complementarity of the experimental diagnostics are discussed.

关键词： spectroscopy shock allowed

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Observation and modelling of stimulated Raman scattering driven by an optically smoothed laser beam in experimental conditions relevant for shock ignition

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第4期9卷 160-178页

作者： G.Cristoforetti S.Hüller P.Koester L.Antonelli S.Atzeni f.baffigi D.Batani C.Baird N.Booth M.Galimberti K.Glize A.Héron M.Khan P.Loiseau D.Mancelli M.Notley P.Oliveira O.Renner M.Smid A.Schiavi G.Tran N.C.Woolsey L.A.Gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRINO-CNR56124 PisaItaly Centre de Physique Théorique CPHT CNRSIP ParisEcole Polytechnique91128 PalaiseauFrance York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUK Dipartimento SBAI Universitàdi Roma'La Sapienza'00161 RomaItaly Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIA33405 TalenceFrance STfC Rutherford Appleton Lab Central Laser FacilityDidcot SN21SZUK Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MOE) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China CEA DAMDIF91297 ArpajonFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyeres-le-ChatelFrance Institute of Physics ELI BeamlinesInstitute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences18221 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany

We report results and modelling of an experiment performed at the Target Area West Vulcan laser facility,aimed at investigating laser±plasma interaction in conditions that are of interest for the shock ignition scheme in inertial confinement fusion(ICf),that is,laser intensity higher than 10^(16) W/cm^(2) impinging on a hot(T>1 keV),inhomogeneous and long scalelength pre-formed plasma.Measurements show a significant stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)backscattering(;%-20%of laser energy)driven at low plasma densities and no signatures of two-plasmon decay(TPD)/SRS driven at the quarter critical density region.Results are satisfactorily reproduced by an analytical model accounting for the convective SRS growth in independent laser speckles,in conditions where the reflectivity is dominated by the contribution from the most intense speckles,where SRS becomes saturated.Analytical and kinetic simulations well reproduce the onset of SRS at low plasma densities in a regime strongly affected by non-linear Landau damping and by filamentation of the most intense laser speckles.The absence of TPD/SRS at higher densities is explained by pump depletion and plasma smoothing driven by filamentation.The prevalence of laser coupling in the low-density profile justifies the low temperature measured for hot electrons(7-12 keV),which is well reproduced by numerical simulations.

关键词： plasma simulations shock ignition stimulated Raman scattering inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction

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Time evolution of stimulated Raman scattering and two-plasmon decay at laser intensities relevant for shock ignition in a hot plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 142-155页

作者： G.Cristoforetti L.Antonelli D.Mancelli S.Atzeni f.baffigi f.Barbato D.Batani G.Boutoux f.D'Amato J.Dostal R.Dudzak E.filippov Y.J.Gu L.Juha O.Klimo M.Krus S.Malko A.S.Martynenko Ph.Nicolai V.Ospina S.Pikuz O.Renner J.Santos V.T.Tikhonchuk J.Trela S.Viciani L.Volpe S.Weber L.A.Gizzi National Institute of Optics CNRPisa and FlorenceItaly York Plasma Physics Institute University of YorkHe slingtonYorkUK Universite de Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIATalenceFrance Donostia International Physics Center(DiPC) Donostia/San SebastianBasque CountrySpain Dipartimento SBAI Universita di Roma La SapienzaRomaItaly National Research Nuclear University MEPhl MoscowRussia CEA DAMDIFArpajonFrance Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of Physics of the CASPragueCzech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma Physics of the CASPragueCzech Republic Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS MoscowRussia ELI-Beamlines Institute of Physics of the CASPragueCzech Republic fNSPE Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Universidad de Salamanca Ctr Laseres PulsadosSalamancaSpain Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) VillamayorSalamancaSpain

Laser–plasma interaction(LPI)at intensities 1015–1016 W·cm^-2 is dominated by parametric instabilities which can be responsible for a significant amount of non-collisional absorption and generate large fluxes of high-energy nonthermal electrons.Such a regime is of paramount importance for inertial confinement fusion(ICf)and in particular for the shock ignition scheme.In this paper we report on an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System(PALS)facility to investigate the extent and time history of stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)and two-plasmon decay(TPD)instabilities,driven by the interaction of an infrared laser pulse at an intensity^1.2×1016 W·cm^-2 with a^100μm scalelength plasma produced from irradiation of a flat plastic target.The laser pulse duration(300 ps)and the high value of plasma temperature(~4 ke V)expected from hydrodynamic simulations make these results interesting for a deeper understanding of LPI in shock ignition conditions.Experimental results show that absolute TPD/SRS,driven at a quarter of the critical density,and convective SRS,driven at lower plasma densities,are well separated in time,with absolute instabilities driven at early times of interaction and convective backward SRS emerging at the laser peak and persisting all over the tail of the pulse.Side-scattering SRS,driven at low plasma densities,is also clearly observed.Experimental results are compared to fully kinetic large-scale,two-dimensional simulations.Particle-in-cell results,beyond reproducing the framework delineated by the experimental measurements,reveal the importance of filamentation instability in ruling the onset of SRS and stimulated Brillouin scattering instabilities and confirm the crucial role of collisionless absorption in the LPI energy balance.

关键词： plasma simulations shock ignition stimulated Raman scattering two-plasmon decay

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Overview and specifications of laser and target areas at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 94-102页

作者： Leonida A.Gizzi Luca Labate federica baffigi fernando Brandi Giancarlo Bussolino Lorenzo fulgentini Petra Köster Daniele Palla Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(INO-CNR)Sede Secondaria di Pisa56124 PisaItaly Istituto Nazionale di fisica Nucleare(INfN) Sezione di Pisa56127 PisaItaly

We present the main features of the ultrashort, high-intensity laser installation at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) including laser, beam transport and target area specifications. The laboratory was designed to host laser–target interaction experiments of more than 220 TW peak power, in flexible focusing configurations, with ultrarelativistic intensity on the target. Specifications have been established via dedicated optical diagnostic assemblies and commissioning interaction experiments. In this paper we give a summary of laser specifications available to users,including spatial, spectral and temporal contrast features. The layout of the experimental target areas is presented, with attention to the available configurations of laser focusing geometries and diagnostics. finally, we discuss radiation protection measures and mechanical stability of the laser focal spot on the target.

关键词： high-intensity laser laser focusing laser–plasma acceleration laboratory pointing stability radiation shielding ultrashort pulse amplification

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