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Hummingbird-plant interactions in Chile:An ecological review of.the available evidence

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 332-340页

作者： Rodrigo Medel Manuel l.pez-aliste f.ancisco E.f.ntúrbel Departamento de Ciencias Ecol ogicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Biología Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Cat olica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Millennium Nucleus of.Patagonian limit of.lif.(lili) ValdiviaChile

Hummingbird species have closely evolved with the plants they f.ed on,which is conf.rmed by their of.en tight ecological relationships in natural ***-plant interactions are of.interest f.r research areas such as ecology,evolution,and even agriculture,as they usually inf.rm on the conservation status of.interacting species assemblages,and its disappearance may precede the population extinction of.the species involved in the *** Chile,there are nine hummingbird species,which interact with a large and diverse number of.angiosperm species in f.rest,desert,and mountain range *** motivation to perf.rm this review is to systematize the available inf.rmation regarding the f.owering plants visited by hummingbird species in Chile,to present some basic plant-hummingbird pollination network metrics,and on this basis to identif. the components of.the plant-hummingbird relationships in need of.f.rther research.A plant-hummingbird metanetwork revealed a low connectance value,low niche overlap,and strong modularity among ***,the f.ct that most species present a strong allopatric distribution across Chile,suggests that network structure results mostly f.om the history of.colonization rather than f.om ecological ***,the main threats to Chilean hummingbirds are anthropogenic disturbance and climate change,which disrupt hummingbird-plant interactions,leading to unpredictable ecological consequences at the community *** periods of.drought may reduce the resource base f.r hummingbirds,with dramatic consequences f.r the maintenance of.bird and plant populations.

关键词： Conservation Endemic species Habitat disturbance Pollination Trochilidae

In vitro inhibitory ef.ects on a-glucosidase and a-amylase level and antioxidant potential of.seeds of.Phoenix dactylif.ra l.

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Asian Pacif.c Journal of.Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第4期6卷 322-329页

作者： Shah alam Khan Amira Rashid al Kiyumi Manal Saif.al Sheidi Tagreed Salim al Khusaibi Noura Mohammed al Shehhi Tanveer alam Department of.Pharmacy Oman Medical College Oman Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products University of Nizwa

Objective:To evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity,total phenolic contents(TPCs) and in vitro antidiabetic activity of.various pits extracts obtained f.om f.ve Omani date ***:Sun-dried mature f.uits of.f.ve Omani date varieties,namely,f.rdh,Naghal,Khalas,Khinazi and Khasab were purchased f.om the local market in Muscat,Oman in the month of.September *** seed extracts ***,ethanol,methanol and acetone were prepared f.r each date variety and their antioxidant activities were investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,hydrogen peroxide scavenging method and reducing power assay method,*** vitro antidiabetic activity of.the date pit extracts was evaluated by measuring their inhibitory ef.ect on a-glucosidase and aamylase *** were also quantif.ed ***:The results indicated that TPC of.date seeds was solvent ***,ethanol and methanol were f.und to be signif.cantly better solvents than water in extracting phenolic compounds f.om the date *** extracts exhibited moderate to good in vitro antioxidant activity and increased reducing *** all date pit extracts,water extract exhibited signif.cant in vitro antidiabetic activity in comparison to standard drug,***:The present study conf.rms that disposed waste of.Omani dates is a rich source of.dietary antioxidant because of.its high *** pits due to their inhibitory ef.ects on a-glucosidase and a-amylase level could be used as a monotherapy along with an appropriate diabetic diet and exercise or might be in conjunction with antidiabetic therapy to manage and prevent progression of.diabetes.

关键词： Phoenix dactylif.ra l. Antioxidant In vitro antidiabetic activity Date pits

Plateau archives of.lithosphere dynamics,cryosphere and paleoclimate:The f.rmation of.Cretaceous desert basins in east Asia

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Geoscience f.ontiers 2022年第6期13卷 170-181页

作者： Chihua Wu Juan Pedro Rodríguez-l.pez M.Santosh State Key laboratory of.Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China PAGODA Research Group(Plateau&Global Desert Basins Research Group) Institute of Sedimentary GeologyChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Permaf.ost laboratory Department of GeographyUniversity of SussexFalmerBrighton BN19SJUnited Kingdom School of.Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of.Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia

Southeastern Eurasia is a global window to the Cretaceous paleoclimate and lithosphere *** contains one of.the most complete and complex sedimentary records of.Mesozoic desert basins on planet *** this study,we perf.rm the spatio-temporal tracking of.96 Cretaceous palaeoclimate indicators during 79 Myr which reveal that the plateau paleoclimate archives f.om East Asia resulted f.om an Early to Mid-Cretaceous ocean–atmosphere coupling and a shif. to a preponderant role of.late Cretaceous lithosphere dynamics and tectonic f.rcing on high-altitude depositional systems linked to the subduction margins of.the Tethys and Paleo-Pacif.c realms beneath the Eurasian *** crustal response to tectonic processes linked with the spatio-temporal evolution of.the Tethyan and Paleo-Pacif.c margins def.ned the conf.guration of.major sedimentary basins on this *** signif.cant increase and decrease in the number of.active sedimentary basins that occur during the Cretaceous,f.om 16 in the Early Cretaceous,to 28 in the Mid-Cretaceous,and a decreasing to 20 sedimentary basins in the late Cretaceous,is a direct response of.lithospheric dynamics associated with the two main subduction zones(Tethys and Pacif.c domains).A shif. in subduction style f.om an Early Cretaceous Paleo-Pacif.c Plate slab roll back to a late Cretaceous f.at-slab mode might have triggered regional plateau uplif.,blocked intraplate volcanism,thus enhancing the denudation and sediment availability,and created wind corridors that led to the construction and accumulation of.extensive late Cretaceous aeolian sandy deserts(ergs)that covered Mid-Cretaceous plateau *** the same time,plateau uplif. associated with crustal thickening f.llowing terrane assembly in the Tethyan margin triggered altitudinal cryospheric processes in sandy desert *** of.an active Cretaceous cryosphere in China include ValanginianHauterivian glacial debris f.ows,Early Aptian geochemical signature of.melt w

关键词： Cretaceous Cryosphere Aeolian Plateau Subduction Asia

Promotion of.structural plasticity in area V2 of.visual cortex prevents against object recognition memory def.cits in aging and alzheimer's disease rodents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1835-1841页

作者： Irene Navarro-lobato Mariam Masmudi-Martín Manuel f.l.pez-Aranda Juan f.l.pez-Téllez Gloria Delgado Pablo Granados-Durán Celia Gaona-Romero Marta Carretero-Rey Sinf.riano Posadas María E.Quiros-Ortega Zaf.r U.Khan laboratory of.Neurobiology Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias(CIMES)University of MalagaMalagaSpain Department of.Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enf.rmedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain the Donders Institute f.r Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands the Brain Metastasis Group National Cancer Research Centre(CNIO)MadridSpain the Department of.Neurobiology University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA

Memory def.cit,which is of.en associated with aging and many psychiatric,neurological,and neurodegenerative diseases,has been a challenging issue f.r *** till now,all potential drug candidates have f.iled to produce satisf. ctory ***,in the search f.r a solution,we f.und that a treatment with the gene corresponding to the RGS14414protein in visual area V2,a brain area connected with brain circuits of.the ventral stream and the medial temporal lobe,which is crucial f.r object recognition memory(ORM),can induce enhancement of.*** this study,we demonstrated that the same treatment with RGS14414in visual area V2,which is relatively unaf.ected in neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer s disease,produced longlasting enhancement of.ORM in young animals and prevent ORM def.cits in rodent models of.aging and alzheimer’s ***,we f.und that the prevention of.memory def.cits was mediated through the upregulation of.neuronal arbo rization and spine density,as well as an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic f.ctor(BDNf..A knockdown of.BDNf.gene in RGS14414-treated aging rats and alzheimer s disease model mice caused complete loss in the upregulation of.neuronal structural plasticity and in the prevention of.ORM *** f.ndings suggest that BDNf.mediated neuronal structural plasticity in area V2 is crucial in the prevention of.memory def.cits in RGS14414-treated rodent models of.aging and alzheimer’s ***,our f.ndings of.RGS14414gene-mediated activation of.neuronal circuits in visual area V2 have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of.memory def.cits.

关键词： behavioral perf.rmance brain-derived neurotrophic f.ctor cognitive dysf.nction episodic memory memory circuit activation memory def.cits memory enhancement object recognition memory prevention of.memory loss regulator of.G protein signaling

Modelling the impacts of.cover crop management strategies on the water use,carbon exchange and yield of.olive orchards

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Journal of.f.restry Research 2023年第1期34卷 283-295页

作者： alvaro l.pez-Bernal Omar García-Tejera luca Testi f.ancisco J.Villalobos Departamento de Agronomía Universidad de CórdobaCampus de RabanalesEdifi cio C414071 CórdobaSpain Departamento de Ingeniería Agraria Y del Medio Natural Universidad de La LagunaCarretera General de Geneto 238200 San Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible(IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científi cas(CSIC)Av.Menéndez Pidal S/N14080 CórdobaSpain

Cover crops have long been proposed as an alternative soil management f.r minimizing erosion rates in olive stands while providing additional ecosystem ***,the trade-of. between these benef.ts and the competition f.r water with the trees makes the def.nition of.optimal management practices a challenging task in semiarid *** work presents an improved version of.OliveCan,a process-based simulation model of.olive orchards that now can simulate the main impacts of.cover crops on the water and carbon balances of.olive *** simple in its f.rmulation,the new model components were developed to deal with dif.erent cover crop management *** are presented f.r simulation runs of.a traditional olive orchard in the conditions of.southern Spain,evaluating the ef.ects of.dif.erent widths f.r the strip occupied by the cover crop(f.c)and two contrasting mowing *** revealed that high f.cresulted in lower olive yields,but only when mowing was applied at the end of.*** this regard,late mowing and high f.cwas associated with lower soil water content f.om spring to summer,coinciding with olive f.owering and the earlier stages of.f.uit *** also negatively correlated with surf.ce runof. irrespective of.the mowing *** the other hand,net ecosystem productivity(NEP)was substantially af.ected by both f.cand mowing *** simulations under f.ture climate scenarios comparing the same management alternatives are also presented,showing substantial yield reductions by the end of.the century and minor or negligible changes in NEP and seasonal runof..

关键词： Carbon exchange Cover crops Crop modelling Evapotranspiration Olea europaea l

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A comprehensive study of.the proteins involved in salinity stress response in roots and shoots of.the f.478 genotype of.rice(Oryza sativa l. ssp. indica)

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1154-1168页

作者： Camilo l.pez-Cristof.anini Mireia Bundo Xavier Serrat Blanca San Segundo Marta l.pez-Carbonell Salvador Nogues Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsSeccio de Fisiologia VegetalUniversitat de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Centre f.r Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UBEdifici CRAGCampus de la UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científ.cas(CSIC) BarcelonaSpain

Rice,a major staple,is the most salt-sensitive *** salinity triggers several adaptive responses in rice to cope with osmotic and ionic stress at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.A major QTl f.r salinity tolerance,named Saltol,is present on chromosome 1 of.Indian landraces such as Pokkali and Nona *** early proteomic and physiological responses to salinity in roots and shoots of.f.478,an inbred rice line harboring the Saltol QTl,were *** were cultured in hydroponic cultures with 100 mmol l^(-1) Na Cl and evaluated at 6,24,and 48 *** the physiological level,root length signif.cantly increased at 48 h,whereas shoot length was *** Na^(+)/K^(+) ratio was maintained at lower levels in shoots than in roots,suggesting that roots play a protective *** than 2000 proteins were detected in both *** showed a f.ster and more coordinated proteomic response than shoots,evident af.er only 6 h of.*** responses showed clear correspondence with those of.proteins involved in transcription and *** of.mitochondrial activity and amino acid metabolism in roots,and activation of.stress-responsive proteins such as dehydrins and PlAT in shoots,may play a key role during the response of.the plant to salinity *** and physiological responses showed that roots respond in a more highly adaptive manner than shoots to salinity stress,suggesting that this tissue is critical to the tolerance observed in cultivars harboring Saltol.

关键词： f.478 Shotgun proteomics Rice Salinity Root Saltol

lethal toxicity of.industrial detergent on bottom dwelling sentinels

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International Journal of.Sediment Research 2009年第4期24卷 479-483页

作者： l. I. N. EZEMONYE D. f. OGElEKA f. E. OKIEIMEN Department of.Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB) University of Benin Department of.Chemistry University of Benin

We used f.esh and brackish water shrimp (Desmoscaris trispinosa and Palaemonetes af.icanus), in sediment bioassays to assess the toxicity of.an industrial detergent containing high levels of.anionic surf.ctant (linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (lAS)). The Organization f.r Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), # 218 direct sediment toxicity assessment was employed. The organisms were exposed to dif.erent concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) of.the chemical (Neatex) in replicate treatments. Percentage mortality was measured as the ecological endpoint. Mean mortality and estimated lethal concentration lC 50 values varied with species type, concentration and exposure duration. The statistical variation in the observed mean mortality of.the test organisms in the chemical and the control treatment shows that mortality may be induced by the ef.ect of.the chemicals. The lethal concentration (lC 50 ) was signif.cantly dif.erent at levels of.p f.r the f.esh and brackish water experiments. Consequently, assessment of.water and sediment quality as a result of.chemical pollutants was necessary f.r protecting some of.the more sensitive benthic invertebrates representing the major proportion of.the diet of.many species in the Niger Delta ecological zone.

关键词： Arthropod (shrimp) Desmoscaris trispinosa Palaemonetes af.icanus Mortality Sediment Chemicals

The 2.7 K black-body radiation background ref.rence f.ame

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第4期19卷 16-20页

作者： l.pez-Carrera Benjamín Rosales Marco Antonio Ares de Parga Gonzalo Departamento de f.sica Escuela Superior de Física y MatemticasInstituto Politécnico NacionalU.P.A.López MateosZacatenco 07738México DFMéxico Departamento de f.sica Universidad de las AméricasSanta Catarina MrtirC.P.72820CholulaPuebla.México

This paper reports that the directional temperature is used to present a scheme f.r deducing the velocity of.the ref.rence f.ame where the black-body which produces the 2.7 K radiation background is at rest. The new r... 详细信息

关键词： relativistic transf.rmations thermodynamics covariance black-body radiation

Immunogenetic biomarkers in inf.ammatory bowel diseases:Role of.the IBD3 region

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15037-15048页

作者： Manuel Muro Ruth l.pez-Hernández Anna Mrowiec Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enf.rmedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd) Immunology ServiceUniversity Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca

Many studies have demonstrated the linkage between the IBD3 region (6p21.1-23), an area which encompasses the f.mous human leukocyte antigen (HlA) complex, and Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD3 is the only region that meets genome-wide signif.cance, and provides stronger evidence of.the linkage than 16p13.1-16q12.2 (IBD1), the locus that contains the susceptibility gene CARD15. However, despite these f.ndings, IBD3 susceptibility genes remain elusive and unclear due to the strong linkage disequilibrium, extensive polymorphism, and high gene density that characterize this area and also due to varying allele f.equencies in populations around the world. This area presents an extremely high abundance of.genes, including the classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes, and other genes, namely MHC class III genes tumor necrosis f.ctor (TNf.-α and -β, and Hsp, whose proteins play key f.nctions in immunological processes. To date, it is not clear which genes within the MHC f.mily contribute to the IBD pathogenesis, although certain HlA alleles have been associated with IBD. Recent insights into the biological f.nction of.other genes encoded within the IBD3 region, such as the MHC class I chain-related (MIC) genes, have led investigators to a more comprehensive exploration of.this region. MHC class I chain-related molecule A (MICA) is highly polymorphic and interacts with NKG2D, its receptor on the surf.ce of.NK, Tγδ and T CD8+ cells. Increased expression of.MICA in intestinal epithelial cells and increased expression of.NKG2D in CD4+ T cells (lamina propria) in patients with CD have also been reported. MICA alleles have also been associated with IBD, and a variation at amino acid position 129 of.the α2-heavy chain domain seems to categorize MICA alleles into strong and weak binders of.NKG2D rece

关键词： IBD3 Tumor necrosis f.ctor MICA HlA Inf.ammatory bowel disease