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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental.Energy Technol.gies l.boratory(EETl. Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.El.ctrical.and El.ctronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical.model.ng of.the interaction between sol.r radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmal.zed by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resol.tion cal.s f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the devel.pment of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.l.gendre pol.nomial.. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, al.ows in the conditions of.a pl.ne paral.el.atmosphere a new mathematical.f.rmul.tion of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Del.a f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work al.o determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental.def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) devel.ped in a previous work. Notabl.,New Method has general.y better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angl. μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angl., especial.y f.r high val.es of.optical.thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.ectance f.r high val.es of.optical.thickness, very strong correl.tion with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical.thickness in this study. An anal.sis of.the l.gendre pol.nomial.series f.r simpl. f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions amel.orate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, al.hough it has been proven that there is a l.mit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is l.st. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method l.gendre pol.nomial optical.thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

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Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.l.Ruitenberg Department of.Heal.h Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands l.iden Institute f.r Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

Peopl. with neurodegenerative disorders of.en experience probl.ms across a variety of.f.nctional.domains,incl.ding cognition,movement,and psychosocial.*** cl.ssif.cation of.these disorders is based on the phenotypical.manif.stations that represent the most prominent cl.nical.*** exampl.,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typical.y regarded as movement disorders,whereas Al.heimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

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Bio-f.rtil.zer Improved Oil.Pal. Seedl.ng Growth

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American Journal.of.Pl.nt Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel.Ddamul.ra f. Masika A. Asiimwe l. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticul.ure & Oil.Pal. Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most f.rming systems newl. introduced commercial.f.rtil.zers to be accepted, adopted and used by f.rmers, their ef.ectiveness and appropriate appl.cation rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to val.date the ef.ect and rates of.a bio-f.rtil.zer (super agric) on oil.pal. seedl.ng growth. The trial.was l.id out in a randomized compl.te bl.ck design (RCBD) with three appl.cation rates of.0, 4 and 8 ml.l.of.water (treatments) repl.cated thrice. f.l.owing the appl.cation of.super agric to oil.pal. seedl.ngs f.r a period of.six months, observations drawn f.om the anal.sis of.growth data were as f.l.ows: Three months af.er treatment, super agric signif.cantl. (P f.oil.pal. seedl.ng compared to those which were not appl.ed with super agric. The resul.s al.o showed that when super agric was appl.ed at a rate of.4 ml.l. the l.af.l.ngth and breadth were higher compared to the control.were super agric was not used. f.rthermore, appl.cations of.super agric improved oil.pal. seedl.ng nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control.which expl.ined the height and breadth increase in the oil.pal. seedl.ngs that were appl.ed with super agric. On the other hand, the ef.ect of.super agric appl.cation on phosphorus uptake by seedl.ngs was not signif.cant. Al.hough the height, breadth, l.af.width and l.ngth were al. signif.cantl. af.ected by super agric appl.cation, the number of.oil.pal. l.aves and spears were not af.ected f.r the period the experiment was conducted. Six months af.er appl.cation of.super agric the growth of.oil.pal. seedl.ngs was f.vorabl. impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil.pal. seedl.ng growers.

关键词： Bio-f.rtil.zer Seedl.ng Growth Appl.cation Rates Super Agric

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Ef.ect of.col.-working on corrosion induced damage in l.g joints

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Def.nce Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ramanath M.N Chikmath l. Murthy H. Department of.Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India Department of.Aeronautical.Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

l.g joints are pref.rred joineries f.r transf.rring heavy l.ads to parent components in aerospace *** experience corrosion due to environmental.conditions,improper surf.ce f.nishes and rubbing displ.cement between the pin and *** causes damage of.dif.erent sizes and shapes near the *** degradation due to corrosion-induced damage is model.ed as a through-pit at one of.the identif.ed critical.l.cations through stress *** ef.ect of.this pit on f.tigue crack initiation l.f. is ***-hol. is pre-stressed by col.-working and the benef.ts of.inducing pl.stic wake on the intended perf.rmance of.the l.g joint during the damages due to corrosion are brought out and compared with non-col.-worked *** anal.sis is perf.rmed on this l.g joint with *** resul.s obtained highl.ght the benef.ts of.col.-working and the methodol.gy can be extended to damage growth and anal.se the ef.ect of.surf.ce treatments f.r better structural.integrity of.components of.aerospace vehicl.s.

关键词： l.g joint Corrosion Crack initiation Col.-working Structural.integrity

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Item-l.vel.Anal.sis of.the Revised Occupational.Therapy f.el.work Perf.rmance Eval.ation Appl.ed in Practice

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Open Journal.of.Therapy and Rehabil.tation 2024年第2期12卷 145-159页

作者： Cynthia l. Sears Brad E. Egan Patricia f. Tomsic Craig A. Vel.zo Graduate Col.ege of.Heal.h Prof.ssions Occupational Therapy Program Hawai&#8217i Pacific University Honolulu HI USA Col.ege of.Science and Heal.h Occupational Therapy Program DePaul University Chicago IL USA Department of.Occupational.Therapy Wingate University Wingate NC USA Col.ege of.Heal.h Prof.ssions Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Division of Occupational Therapy Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA

Competency-based assessments f.r heal.hcare prof.ssional. are critical.f.r saf. and ef.ective cl.ent outcomes. Rehabil.tation cl.nical.skil. competency assessments must be val.dated and revised to produce saf. and skil.ed practitioners. The revised American Occupational.Therapy Association (AOTA) f.el.work Perf.rmance Eval.ation (f.PE) instrument measures occupational.therapy student perf.rmance to determine readiness f.r practice. The assessment incl.des thirty-seven competencies that address both prof.ssion specif.c cl.nical.skil.s and general.prof.ssional.behavior skil.s. The objective of.this study was to use Rasch methods to expl.re the use of.the revised f.PE in actual.f.el.work practice and to determine the instrument’s psychometric properties when separating the item components into two distinct subdomains: General.Heal.h Prof.ssions Competences and Occupational.Therapy-Specif.c Competencies. Internal.construct val.dity and test rel.abil.ty were anal.zed using data f.om 149 occupational.therapy students af.er compl.ting their initial.l.vel.II A f.el.work cl.nical.internship. This study examined the item dif.icul.y hierarchy, item f.t, person-f.t to model. person separation index, person separation rel.abil.ty coef.icient, strata, ceil.ng and f.oor ef.ect, and unidimensional.ty of.the f.PE instrument as a whol. and as two separate domains. With the exception of.not meeting the criteria f.r unidimensional.ty, the f.l. f.PE instrument and the Occupational.Therapy-Specif.c Competencies subdomain showed acceptabl. item-l.vel.psychometrics f.r rel.abil.ty and precision. Whil. the General.Heal.h Prof.ssions Competencies subdomain showed good item-l.vel.psychometrics, it was bel.w the criterion f.r rel.abil.ty and onl. separated the sampl. into two strata. Resul.s support the val.dity, rel.abil.ty, and cl.nical.use of.the revised f.PE f.l. instrument and the Occupational.Therapy-Specif.c Competencies subdomain to measure entry-l.vel.cl.nical.skil. competencies in pr

关键词： Rehabil.tation Competency-Based Assessments Occupational.Therapy Measurement Rasch Anal.sis

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Spal.ing characteristics of.high-temperature treated granitic rock at dif.erent strain rates

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Journal.of.Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical.Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： l.f.f.n Q.H.Yang X.l.Du The Key l.boratory of.Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of.Ministry of.Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

The dynamic spal.ing characteristics of.rock are important f.r stabil.ty anal.sis in rock *** paper presented an experimental.investigation on the dynamic spal.ing characteristics of.granite with dif.erent temperatures and strain rates.A series of.dynamic spal.ing tests with dif.erent impact vel.cities were conducted on thermal.y treated granite at dif.erent *** dynamic spal.ing strengths of.granite with dif.erent temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model.was proposed to correl.te the dynamic spal.ing strength of.granite,high temperature and strain *** resul.s show that the spal.ing strength of.granite decreases with increasing ***,the spal.ing strength of.granite with a higher strain rate is l.rger than that with a l.wer strain *** proposed model.can describe the rel.tionship among dynamic spal.ing strength of.granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spal.ing characteristics High temperature Strain rate Dynamic l.ading Granite

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Prof.l. of.SARS-CoV-2 Inf.cted Patients Hospital.zed at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) in Saint-l.uis, Senegal.during the f.rst Two Waves

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Advances in Inf.ctious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 322-337页

作者： Al.ssane Dièye Papa l.tyr Junior Diouf.Bourama Diémé Moustapha Diedhiou diatou dia-Gueye Amadou Diop dia Samba Niang Ibrahima l.uis Martin Dieng Ameth Dieng Seynabou l. Ndéye Méry dia-Badiane Heal.h Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Emergency Department of.Regional.Hospital.Center Saint-Louis Senegal Department of.Inf.ctious and Tropical.Diseases of.f.nn Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 inf.ction is a major publ.c heal.h emergency. Several.risk f.ctors are invol.ed in the occurrence of.respiratory distress that can l.ad to death despite resuscitation measures. Objectives: The aim of.this study was to describe the epidemiol.gical. cl.nical. paracl.nical. therapeutic, and evol.tion prof.l. of.patients inf.cted with SARS-CoV-2 hospital.zed at the CTE of.Saint-l.uis (Senegal. during the f.rst two waves. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional. descriptive, and anal.tical.study that incl.ded al. patients hospital.zed at the ETC of.Saint-l.uis (Senegal. with SARS-CoV-2 inf.ction f.om March 2020 to April.2021. Resul.s: A total.of.358 cases were col.ected, 256 (71.5%) during the f.rst wave and 102 (28.5%) during the second wave. The mean age was 49.5 years (19.5). There was a mal. predominance (58.4%), with a sex ratio of.1.4. Hypertension was the main comorbidity, with 87 cases (24.3%). The most common f.nctional.signs were cough in 194 cases (54.2%), dyspnea in 143 cases (40%) and ageusia in 134 cases (37.4%). Thoracic CT scans were perf.rmed on 20 patients (5.6%), with severe invol.ement (50% - 75%) observed in 50% of.cases. Hydroxychl.roquine-azithromycin was prescribed to 351 patients (98%). Overal., 338 (94.4%) recovered and 17 (4.7%) died. In mul.ivariate anal.sis, f.ctors associated with death were mal. sex [OR = 2.645;95% CI: 1.530 - 4.785;p = 0.011], age 60 years [OR = 1.039;95% CI: 0.564 - 1.914;p = 0.002], the presence of.comorbidities [OR = 2.171;95% CI: 0.564 - 3.429;p = 0.033], SpO2 (ambient air) 95% [OR = 2.061;95% CI: 0.616 - 3.827;p = 0.03], acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [OR = 0.635;95% CI: 0.316 - 1.275;p = 0.001], severe f.rm [OR = 1.664;95% CI: 0.298 - 2.478;p = 0.016], occurrence of.compl.cations [OR = 0.521;95% CI: 0.287 - 0.944;p = 0.032], high creatinine l.vel. [OR = 2.061;95% CI: 1.616 - 3.827;p = 0.026], and l.mphopenia [OR = 0.485;95% CI: 0.370 - 0.636;p = 0.0

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Saint-l.uis Senegal

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COVID-19/Tubercul.sis Co-Inf.ction at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of.Saint-l.uis (Senegal.: About 9 Cases

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Advances in Inf.ctious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 56-66页

作者： Al.ssane Dièye Moustapha Diedhiou Papa l.tyr Junior Diouf.Mba Bambo diakhaby Demba Makal.u Samba Niang diatou dia-Gueye Amadou Diop dia Ibrahima l.uis Martin Dieng Seynabou l. Ndéye Méry dia-Badiane Heal.h Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of.Medicine Saint-Louis Regional Hospital Saint-Louis Senegal Inf.ctious and Tropical.Diseases Cl.nic of.f.nn Dakar Senegal

Introduction: COVID-19 is a gl.bal.publ.c heal.h emergency that can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. In countries where tubercul.sis (TB) is endemic, coinf.ction of.COVID-19 and TB is of.en encountered, which increases the risk of.devel.ping severe f.rms of.COVID-19. Objectives: The aim of.this study was to determine the preval.nce of.COVID-19/TB coinf.ction at the Epidemic treatment center (ETC) in Saint-l.uis (Senegal. and to describe the epidemiol.gical. cl.nical. paracl.nical. and outcome prof.l. of.co-inf.cted patients. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional. descriptive cohort study based on the records of.COVID-19/ TB co-inf.cted patients who were hospital.zed at the ETC in Saint-l.uis (Senegal. over an 18-month period f.om March 2020 to September 2021. Resul.s: Out of.a total.of.454 hospital.zations, we col.ected records of.9 patients co-inf.cted with COVID-19/TB, resul.ing in a preval.nce of.2%. The study incl.ded patients with a median age of.34 years (range: 10-86 years), with a mal. predominance (7 cases) and a sex ratio of.3.5. The majority of.patients (88.9%) had severe f.rms of.COVID-19. Dyspnea and cough were reported in al. patients (100%). Pul.onary TB was the most f.equent l.cal.zation, with 9 cases. The diagnosis of.COVID-19 was conf.rmed by nasopharyngeal.PCR in al. patients (100%). Bacil.oscopy was positive in 3 out of.5 cases. One patient tested positive f.r GeneXpert? MTB/RIf.without rif.mpicin resistance. Al. patients were prescribed the hydroxychl.roquine-azithromycin combination and anti-tubercul.sis treatment. Out of.the nine patients, f.ur recovered (44.4%) and f.ve died (55.5%). Concl.sion: COVID-19/TB coinf.ction had a l.w preval.nce in our cohort, but was associated with a high mortal.ty due to the f.equent occurrence of.severe f.rms of.the disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Tubercul.sis Saint-l.uis Senegal

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Recent advances in the understanding and management of.chronic pancreatitis pain

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胰腺病学杂志(英文) 2024年第1期7卷 35-44页

作者： Wal.er Jessica Babyok Ol.via l. Sal.man Jami l. Phil.ips Anna Evans Department of.Internal.Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA United States Division of.Gastroenterol.gy Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Medicine School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Center f.r Pain Research Center for Neuroscience School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States

Abdominal.pain is the most common symptom of.chronic pancreatitis (CP) and is of.en debil.tating f.r patients and very dif.icul. to treat. To date, there exists no cure f.r the disease. Treatment strategies f.cus on symptom management and on mitigation of.disease progression by reducing toxin exposure and avoiding recurrent inf.ammatory events. Traditional.treatment protocol. start with medical.management f.l.owed by consideration of.procedural.or surgical.intervention on sel.cted patients with severe and persistent pain. The incorporation of.adjuvant therapies to treat comorbidities incl.ding psychiatric disorders, exocrine pancreatic insuf.iciency, mineral.bone disease, f.ail.y, and mal.utrition, are in its earl. stages. Recent cl.nical.studies and animal.model. have been designed to improve investigation into the pathophysiol.gy of.CP pain, as wel. as to improve pain management. Despite the array of.tool. avail.bl., many therapeutic options f.r the management of.CP pain provide incompl.te rel.ef. There stil. remains much to discover about the neural.regul.tion of.pancreas-rel.ted pain. In this review, we wil. discuss research f.om the l.st 5 years that has provided new insights into novel.methods of.pain phenotyping and the pathophysiol.gy of.CP pain. These discoveries have l.d to improvements in patient sel.ction f.r optimization of.outcomes f.r both medical.and procedural.management, and identif.cation of.potential.f.ture therapies.

关键词： Central.sensitization Chronic pancreatitis Pain phenotyping Peripheral.sensitization

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Resource management at the network edge f.r f.derated l.arning

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Digital.Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 765-782页

作者： Sil.ana Trindade l.iz f.Bittencourt Nel.on l.S.da f.nseca Institute of.Computing State University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

f.derated l.arning has been expl.red as a promising sol.tion f.r training machine l.arning model. at the network edge,without sharing private user *** l.mited resources at the edge,new sol.tions must be devel.ped to l.verage the sof.ware and hardware resources as the existing sol.tions did not f.cus on resource management f.r network edge,special.y f.r f.derated *** this paper,we describe the recent work on resource manage-ment at the edge and expl.re the chal.enges and f.ture directions to al.ow the execution of.f.derated l.arning at the *** such as the discovery of.resources,depl.yment,l.ad bal.ncing,migration,and energy ef.i-ciency are discussed in the paper.

关键词： Resource management Edge computing f.derated l.arning Machine l.arning

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