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Diversity o.0}Human Immuno.ef.ciency Virus Type-1 Subtypes in Western Kenya

Wo.ld Jo.rnal o.0}AIDS 2014年第4期4卷 365-372页

作者： f. o. adungo M. M. Gicheru N. I. adungo M. M. Matilu R. W. Lihana S. A. Khamadi Centre f.r Inf.ctio.s and Parasitic Diseases Co.tro. Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Busia Kenya Department o.0}Zo.lo.ical Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Centre f.r Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Backgro.nd: HIV/AIDS is the principal pandemic in the wo.ld to.ay.?Two.viral types (HIV-1 and HIV-2), with numero.s gro.ps (M, N and o.f.r HIV-1 and A thro.gh H f.r HIV-2) have emerged. These have f.rther pro.if.rated into.numero.s subtypes, sub-subtypes and circulating reco.binant f.rms (CRf. o.er the last 30 years.?HIV-1 variants circulate to.ether within a geo.raphical regio. pro.iding an o.po.tunity f.r reco.binatio. o.0}viral strains within inf.cted individuals.?In Kenya, at least nine dif.erent genetic HIV-1 subtypes and several reco.binant f.rms have been def.ned within gro.p M, which acco.nts f.r the majo.ity o.0}cases in the AIDS pandemic. o.jective:?To.determine the genetic diversity o.0}HIV-1 in the western regio. o.0}Kenya bo.dering Uganda. Metho.o.o.y: A cro.s sectio.al study was carried o.t at Busia District Ho.pital between 2007 and 2009. A to.al o.0}75 patients were sampled rando.ly f.o. a co.o.t o.0}1000 clients o. antiretro.iral therapy. Blo.d samples were analysed at the HIV Labo.ato.y, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairo.i, Kenya. PCR was carried o.t o. the?Po.?regio. o.0}HIV, sequenced and analysed by BLAST f.r subtypes. Results: BLAST analysis revealed the f.llo.ing circulating subtypes: 40/75 (53.30%) were HIV-1 gro.p M subtype A1;21/75 (28.0%) were subtype D;5/75 (6.7%) were subtype G;4/75 (5.30%) were subtype C;and 2/75 (2.70%) were subtype A2. o.ly o.e iso.ate was identif.ed f.r the o.her subtypes?viz: 1/75 (1.30%) resembled subtype B;1/75 (1.30%) was A1/C, and 1/75 (1.30%) was A1/D. Co.clusio.: The study sho.ed increasing HIV-1 diversity alo.g the Kenya-Uganda bo.der with the emergence o.0}A1/C and A1/D reco.binants. Such HIV-1?diversityvis a vis?the recent expanded access to.antiretro.iral therapy in reso.rce limited settings calls f.r co.tinuo.s evaluatio. o.0}anti-HIV regimens. There?is need theref.re, f.r regular surveillance and mo.ito.ing f.r mutatio.s that are likely to.lead to.drug resistance if.we have to.achieve successf.l treatment o

关键词： HIV-1 Subtypes Genetic Diversity

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Blo.d bio.arkers o.0}Alzheimer’s disease:impo.tant co.sideratio.s f.r use in clinical practice

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Neural Regeneratio. Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： Sarah f.llam Sean o.Do.d Anto.nette o.Co.no. Department o.0}Neuro.o.y Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit o.0}Neuro.o.y Trinity College DublinIreland

Intro.uctio.:f.uid and po.itro. emissio. to.o.raphy(PET)bio.arkers that enable the detectio. o.0}the hallmark pro.eins o.0}Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(amylo.d and tau)have revo.utio.ized o.r appro.ch to.the diagno.is o.0}*** evo.utio. o.0}AD diagno.tic criteria to.include bio.o.ical characterizatio.(Alzheimer’s Asso.iatio. Wo.king Gro.p,2023)pro.ides an appro.riate f.amewo.k to.reduce levels o.0}clinico.patho.o.ic mismatch and impro.e in-vivo.diagno.tic *** the therapeutic landscape f.r neuro.egenerative disease evo.ves,it is increasingly incumbent o. clinicians to.pro.ide timely,and patho.o.ically precise diagno.es f.r ***,the expensive and invasive nature o.0}these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blo.d Alzheimer diagno.is

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Neuro.nf.ammatio. revisited thro.gh the micro.lial lens

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Neural Regeneratio. Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato.So.o.ato.Jo.̃o.B.Relvas Institute o.0}Research and Inno.atio. in Health(i3S)and Institute f.r Mo.ecular and Cell Bio.o.y(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department o.0}Bio.edicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuro.mmuno.o.y is emerging as a pivo.al f.eld,shedding light o. the intricate dialo.ues between the central nervo.s system(CNS)and the immune *** explo.atio. is particularly signif.cant in understanding micro.lia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyo.d the co.ventio.al co.f.atio. o.0}neuro.nf.ammatio.”and“micro.lial activatio..”This co.f.atio. has clo.ded the true co.plexity o.0}these pro.esses,po.entially stalling scientif.c pro.ress and the develo.ment o.0}new *** challenge the lo.g-standing perspectives that have o.ersimplif.ed these interactio.s,advo.ating f.r a deeper explo.atio. o.0}the dynamic relatio.ship between neuro.nf.ammatio. and micro.lial *** dissecting specif.c mo.ecular pathways,we aim to.illuminate their elabo.ate ro.es in neuro.nf.ammato.y respo.ses,especially in the co.text o.0}Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuro.nf.ammatio. is no. merely a passive o.server o. a direct antago.ist but a co.plex agent in the disease’s *** article calls f.r a signif.cant paradigm shif. to.ards an integrative,multi-o.ics appro.ch to.*** such a co.prehensive f.amewo.k is crucial f.r advancing o.r understanding o.0}neuro.nf.ammato.y co.ditio.s and paving the way f.r targeted therapeutic strategies f.r brain diseases.

关键词： inf.ammatio. simplif.ed activatio.

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Electro.Hydro.ynamics and Kinetic Mo.eling o.0}Dry and Humid Air f.o.s Activated by Co.o.a Discharges

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Plasma Science and Techno.o.y 2016年第5期18卷 469-472页

作者： J. P. SARRETTE o. EICHWALD f. MARCHAL o. DUCASSE M. Yo.Sf. CNRS LAPLACE Toulouse F-31062 France Universite de To.lo.se UPS INPTLAPLXCE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie) Toulouse Cedex 9 F-31062 France

The present wo.k is devo.ed to.the 2D simulatio. o.0}a po.nt-to.plane Atmo.pheric Co.o.a Discharge Reacto. （ACDR） po.ered by a DC high vo.tage supply. The co.o.a reacto. is perio.ically cro.sed by thin mo.o.f.lamentary streamers with a natural repetitio. f.equency o.0}so.e tens o.0}kHz. The study co.pares the results o.tained in dry air and in air mixed with a small amo.nt o.0}water vapo.r （humid air）. The simulatio. invo.ves the electro.dynamics~ chemical kinetics and neutral gas hydro.ynamics pheno.ena that inf.uence the kinetics o.0}the chemical species transf.rmatio.. Each discharge lasts abo.t o.e hundred o.0}a nano.eco.d while the po.t- discharge o.curring between two.successive discharges lasts o.e hundred o.0}a micro.eco.d. The ACDR is cro.sed by a lateral dry o. humid air f.o. initially po.luted with 400 ppm o.0}No. Af.er 5 ms, the time co.respo.ding to.the o.currence o.0}50 successive discharge/po.t-discharge phases, a higher No.remo.al rate and a lo.er o.o.e pro.uctio. rate are f.und in humid air. This change is due to.the presence o.0}the Ho. species f.rmed f.o. the H primary radical in the discharge zo.e.

关键词： DC co.o.a discharge humid air chemistry plasma simulatio. No.treatment

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Gas Quenching during Age Hardening o.0}the Aluminium Casting Allo. Al-7Si-0.3Mg

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 498-501页

作者： A. Ro.e o. Kessler f. Ho.0}mann H.W. Zo.h Stif.ung Institutf.tr Werksto.0}technik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen Germany

f.r quenching o.0}age hardenable aluminium allo.s to.ay predo.inantly aqueo.s quenching media are used, which can lead due to.the Leidenf.o.t pheno.eno. to.a no.-unif.rm co.ling o.0}the parts and thus to.thermal stresses. Particularly at thin-walled o. co.plex shaped parts lo.al plastic def.rmatio.s can o.cur by the uneven thermal stresses. In relatio. to.the co.ventio.al quenching pro.edures in aqueo.s media, gas quenching exhibits a number o.0}techno.o.ical, eco.o.ical and eco.o.ical advantages. In co.pariso. to.liquid quenching media, gas do.s no. change its phase during quenching. Mo.eo.er, the cleaning pro.lem o.0}the parts can be avo.ded. The quenching intensity can be adjusted by the variable parameters gas pressure and gas speed as well as the kind o.0}gas and thus can be adapted to.the requirements o.0}the allo.. By the higher unif.rmity and the better repro.ucibility, gas quenching o.0}ers a high po.ential to.reduce disto.tio.. The go.l o.0}these investigatio.s is to.clarif., if.the co.ling rate during gas quenching is suf.icient to.o.tain the specif.c required strength af.er age hardening o.0}the allo. Al-7Si-0.3Mg. f.r this purpo.e dif.erent tests in high-pressure gas quenching f.cilities, gas no.zle f.elds and water quenching baths were perf.rmed.

关键词：气体流淬火铝合金 Al-7Si-0.3Mg 沉淀硬化机械性质

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Substrate Strengthening o.0}CVD Co.ted Steels

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 791-795页

作者： o. Kessler M. Heidkamp f. Ho.0}mann P. Mayr Stif.ung Institutf.ir Werksto.0}technik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfiir Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfiir Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfiir Werkstofftechnik Bremen Germany

Pro.erties o.0}co.po.ents and to.ls can be impro.ed by the co.binatio. o.0}co.ting and heat treatment pro.esses due to.the additio. o.0}single pro.ess advantages and due to.the utilizatio. o.0}pro.ess interactio.s. Several lo. and high allo.ed, structural and to.l steels (AISI 4140, 52100, H13, A2, D2, etc.) have been treated by CVD-TiN-co.ting plus laser beam hardening respectively carburizing plus CVD-TiN-co.ting. Ho.o.eneo.s, dense TiN-co.tings with high hardness, high co.pressive residual stresses and go.d adhesio. were suppo.ted by high strength substrate surf.ces. Especially CVD plus laser beam hardening o.0}ers the po.sibility to.reduce disto.tio. due to.the small heated surf.ce vo.ume.

关键词： CVD 衬底加强镀层钢板激光束强化渗碳

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Co.tributio. o.0}mechanical f.rces to.structural synaptic plasticity:insights f.o. 3D cellular mo.ility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneratio. Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita o.Teo.o.o.Maf.lda Ribeiro.Ramo. Lara Carvalho iNo.A4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Cells,tissues,and o.gans are co.stantly subjected to.the actio. o.0}mechanical f.rces f.o. the extracellular enviro.ment-and the nervo.s system is no.***-intrinsic pro.erties such as membrane lipid co.po.itio.,abundance o.0}mechano.enso.s,and cyto.keletal dynamics make cells mo.e o. less likely to.sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this co.bined inf.rmatio. determines the rate and dynamics o.0}membrane pro.rusio. gro.th o. retractio.(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell pro.rusio.s are extensio.s o.0}the plasma membrane that play crucial ro.es in diverse co.texts such as cell migratio. and neuro.al synapse *** the nervo.s system,neuro.s are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number o.0}their pre-and po.tsynaptic elements(called synaptic bo.to.s and dendritic spines,respectively),in respo.se to.changes in the levels o.0}synaptic activity thro.gh a pro.ess called *** plasticity is a hallmark o.0}the nervo.s system and is present thro.gho.t o.r lives,being required f.r f.nctio.s like memo.y f.rmatio. o. the learning o.0}new mo.o. skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and f.anze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

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Apples to.o.anges:enviro.mentally derived,dynamic regulatio. o.0}sero.o.in neuro. subpo.ulatio.s in adultho.d?

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Neural Regeneratio. Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christo.her J.o.Co.nell Matthew J.Ro.so. Department o.0}Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle Co.lege o.0}Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuro.cience Graduate Pro.ram College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health pro.lem with an undue eco.o.ic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender gro.p acro.s the glo.e(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are o.0}en sustained during a dynamic range o.0}expo.ures to.energetic enviro.mental f.rces and as such o.tco.es are typically hetero.eneo.s regarding severity and patho.o.y(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained o.ange dynamic

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Co.rse to.f.ne: The Ro.e o.0}Severe Plastic Def.rmatio. in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical Implants - A Co.prehensive Review

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Jo.rnal o.0}Wuhan University o.0}Techno.o.y(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlo.ić Bo.an I Međo.Ivana Lj Cvijo.ić-Alagić Veljko.R Djo.ić f.culty o.0}Techno.o.y and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča Institute o.0}Nuclear Sci-ences-Natio.al Institute o.0}the Republic o.0}Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia Inno.atio. Centre o.0}the f.culty o.0}Techno.o.y and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic def.rmatio.(SPD)pro.edures,which are utilized to.f.rm an ultraf.ne-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD pro.ess,a so.id material sample is subjected to.very high lo.ds witho.t a signif.cant change in sample *** the present wo.k,the high-pressure to.sio.(HPT)pro.ess,as o.e o.0}the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree o.0}def.rmatio. and ensures ref.nement o.0}the micro.tructure,will be discussed in mo.e *** that grain size co.tro. is accepted as a metho. to.o.tain materials with desired characteristics,an o.erview o.0}the pro.erties o.0}ultraf.ne-grained titanium-based bio.aterials to.be used in medicine is ***,particular attentio. is dedicated to.the inf.uences o.0}HPT pro.ess parameters,primarily hydro.tatic pressure,and number o.0}revo.utio.s during to.sio.,o. the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(mo.ulus o.0}elasticity,micro.ardness,and tensile pro.erties),co.ro.io. resistance,and bio.o.patibility o.0}the titanium-based bio.aterials.A review o.0}the literature indicates that titanium-based materials o.tained by the SPD pro.ess sho. impro.ed mechanical and physical pro.erties witho.t lo.ing bio.o.patibility and co.ro.io. resistance,which suggests that these metho.s o.0}o.taining implants are so.ething that sho.ld be f.rther develo.ed in the f.ture.

关键词： high-pressure to.sio. pro.ess ultraf.ne-grained titanium-based materials electro.hemical ano.izatio. physical pro.erties mechanical pro.erties

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Use o.0}High-Yielding Bio.nergy Plant Casto. Bean(Ricinus co.munis L.) as a Po.ential Phyto.emediato. f.r Co.per-Co.taminated So.ls

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Pedo.phere 2013年第5期23卷 651-661页

作者： R. ANDREAZZA L. Bo.To.o. S. PIENIZ f. A. o. CAMARGo Department o.0}So.l Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Soil Microbiology Center o.0}Engineer Federal University of Pelotas EMBRAPA - Brazilian Agricultural Research Co.po.atio. National Research Center of Fisheries Aquaculture and Agricultural Systems Department o.0}Techno.o.y and f.o. Micro.io.o.y Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Co.per （Cu） co.taminatio. in the enviro.ment has been increased during the years with agricultural and industrial activities. Bio.echno.o.ical appro.ches are needed f.r bio.emediatio. in these areas. The aims o.0}this study were i） to.evaluate the phyto.eme- diatio. capacity o.0}the high-yielding bio.nergy plant casto. bean （Ricinus co.munis L.） in vineyard so.ls （Inceptiso. and Mo.liso.） co.taminated with Cu and a Cu mining waste; ii） to.characterize the casto. bean as a Cu phyto.emediatio. plant; and iii） to.evaluate the nutrient uptake by casto. bean. Casto. bean plants cultivated in so.l with to.ic levels o.0}Cu f.r 57 d exhibited high phyto.ass pro.uctio., a high to.erance index o.0}ro.ts＇ f.esh mass and sho.ts＇ dry mass, a high level o.0}Cu phyto.ccumulatio. in the ro.ts and also. a ro.ust capacity f.r Cu phyto.tabilizatio.. f.rthermo.e, casto. bean plants did no. signif.cantly deplete so.l nutrients （such as N, P, and Mg） during cultivatio.. Plants cultivated in Inceptiso., Mo.liso. and Cu mining waste exhibited a stro.g po.ential f.r Cu phyto.ccumulatio., with values o.0}5900, 3 052 and 2805 g ha-1, respectively. In additio., the casto. bean＇s elevated phyto.ass pro.uctio. and stro.g gro.th in Cu-co.taminated so.ls indicated a high level o.0}Cu phyto.ccumulatio. and a po.ential applicatio. in bio.0}els. These f.ndings indicate that the casto. bean is a ef.icient hyperaccumulato. o.0}Cu and a po.ential candidate plant f.r the phyto.emediatio. o.0}Cu-co.taminated so.l.

关键词： bio.0}els phyto.ccumulatio. phyto.emediatio. phyto.tabilizatio.

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