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Ef.ects of.Inclusion Levels of.Sweet Potato Vine Silage on f.ed Intake, Milk Production and Prof.tability of.Lactating Crossbred Dairy Cows

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Open Journal of.Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 608-617页

作者： N. A. Galla Z. Nampija V. Lutwama S. Mayanja f. grant G. Kyalo M. Kiggundu E. Zziwa J. Nambi-Kasozi Makerere University Kampala Uganda International Potato Center Kampala Uganda National Livestock Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

f.ed scarcity is a major challenge in smallholder production systems especially during the dry season. Sweet potato vines (SPV) contribute over 40% of.the crop residues f.d to dairy cattle but they are highly perishable resulting into losses of.about 24% per season. Ensiling SPV mitigates seasonal f.ed shortages and assists in coping with seasonal f.ed price f.uctuations. This study was conducted to evaluate the ef.ect of.sweet potato vines silage (SPVS) supplementation on the perf.rmance of.lactating Ankole × f.iesian crossbred dairy cattle. f.ur primiparous cows in early lactation were randomly allotted a basal diet of.Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay supplemented with dairy pellets and f.ur graded levels of.SPVS (0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg of.the daily ration) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The animals were given a one-week adaptation period f.llowed by a two weeks data collection period f.r each diet. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight changes, milk yield and composition were determined. Dry matter intake improved with addition of.SPVS (P ≤ 0.05), with intake being highest (11.9 kg) in cows that were f.d the highest SPVS level and lowest in cows that were not given SPVS (6.8 kg). Although animals on diets with 0, 100, 200 g of.SPVS/kg of.daily ration lost weight, there were no signif.cant dif.erences (P ≥ 0.05) in body weight changes across all treatments. Milk yield increased with SPVS supplementation by 1.5 - 1.7 kg per cow per day but there were no signif.cant dif.erences between the dif.erent SPVS supplementation levels. Milk f.t and solids-non-f.t dif.ered (P ≤ 0.05) across the f.ur diets but there was no consistent trend observed. Considering prof.t margins, supplementing dairy cows with SPVS at a level of.100 g/kg of.daily ration was the most prof.table at Uganda shillings 1290 (0.344 USD) per cow per day. In conclusion, SPVS supplementation improved DMI and milk yield but supplementation beyond 100 g/kg of.the daily f.ed intake was not cost-ef.ective.

关键词： Dry Matter Intake Milk Composition Rhodes Grass Supplementation

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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and neuromodulation techniques:a systematic review of.progress and prospects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2218-2230页

作者： Rahul Mittal Keelin McKenna grant Keith Evan McKenna Joana R.N.Lemos Jeenu Mittal Khemraj Hirani Diabetes Research Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of.Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Herbert Wertheim College of.Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA School of.Medicine and Public Health University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA

Neuromodulation f.r diabetic peripheral neuropathy represents a signif.cant area of.interest in the management of.chronic pain associated with this *** peripheral neuropathy,a common complication of.diabetes,is characterized by nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels that lead to symptoms,such as pain,tingling,and numbness,primarily in the hands and *** aim of.this systematic review was to evaluate the ef.icacy of.neuromodulatory techniques as potential therapeutic interventions f.r patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,while also examining recent developments in this *** investigation encompassed an array of.neuromodulation methods,including f.equency rhythmic electrical modulated systems,dorsal root ganglion stimulation,and spinal cord *** systematic review suggests that neuromodulatory techniques may be usef.l in the treatment of.diabetic peripheral *** the advantages of.these treatments will enable physicians and other healthcare providers to of.er additional options f.r patients with symptoms ref.actory to standard pharmacologic *** these ef.orts,we may improve quality of.lif. and increase f.nctional capacity in patients suf.ering f.om complications related to diabetic neuropathy.

关键词： diabetes mellitus diabetic peripheral neuropathy neuromodulation neurostimulation therapy non-pharmacological treatment pain management

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Cystic neoplasms of.the pancreas: A diagnostic challenge

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2009年第1期15卷 48-54页

作者： grant f.Hutchins Peter V Draganov Department of.Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida1600 SW Archer Rd Room HD 602 PO Box 100214 Gainesville Florida 32610 United States

Cystic neoplasms of.the pancreas are increasingly recognized due to the expanding use and improved sensitivity of.cross-sectional abdominal imaging. Major advances in the last decade have led to an improved understanding of.the various types of.cystic lesions and their biologic behavior. Despite signif. cant improvements in imaging technology and the advent of.endoscopic-ultrasound (EUS)-guided f.neneedle aspiration, the diagnosis and management of.pancreatic cystic lesions remains a signif.cant clinical challenge. The f. rst diagnostic step is to dif.erentiate between pancreatic pseudocyst and cystic neoplasm. If.a pseudocyst has been ef.ectively excluded, the cornerstone issue is then to determine the malignant potential of.the pancreatic cystic neoplasm. In the majority of.cases, the correct diagnosis and successf.l management is based not on a single test but on incorporating data f.om various sources including patient history, radiologic studies, endoscopic evaluation, and cyst f.uid analysis. This review will f.cus on describing the various types of.cystic neoplasms of.the pancreas, their malignant potential, and will provide the clinician with a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

关键词： Cystic neoplasm Endoscopic ultrasound Pancreas Pancreatic cyst Pancreatitis

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Closed-f.rm solutions f.r f.ee vibration of.rectangular f.M thin plates resting on elastic f.undation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1088-1103页

作者： T. f. Xu Y. f. Xing Institute of.Solid Mechanics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191 China China Academy of.Launch Vehicle Technology R&D Center Beijing 100076 China

This article presents closed-f.rm solutions f.r the f.equency analysis of.rectangular f.nctionally graded material (f.M) thin plates subjected to initially in-plane loads and with an elastic f.undation. Based on classical thin plate theory, the governing dif.erential equations are derived using Hamilton's principle. A neutral surf.ce is used to eliminate stretching-bending coupling in f.M plates on the basis of.the assumption of.constant Poisson's ratio. The resulting governing equation of.f.M thin plates has the same f.rm as homogeneous thin plates. The separation-of.variables method is adopted to obtain solutions f.r the f.ee vibration problems of.rectangular f.M thin plates with separable boundary conditions, including, f.r example, clamped plates. The obtained normal modes and f.equencies are in elegant closed f.rms, and present f.rmulations and solutions are validated by comparing present results with those in the literature and f.nite element method results obtained by the authors. A parameter study reveals the ef.ects of.the power law index n and aspect ratio a/b on f.equencies.

关键词： f.nctionally graded material f.ee vibration Rectangular plate Close f.rm solutions Neutral surf.ce

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of.Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of.Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： James f. SMITH Department of.Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita D. Don, a large genus in the subf.mily Cyrtandroideae of.Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of.much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA trnL-f.f.r molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artif.cial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that def.nes Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in dif.erent clades of.diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of.Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of.the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to Didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of.Chirita. The species of.Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea f.rm a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising f.ur monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We f.rther analyzed the morphological evolution of.Chirita and identif.ed a series of.morphological synapomorphies f.r the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita D. Don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

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Calcium-mediated paired pulse depression in juvenile rat dorsal striatum

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第10期7卷 772-777页

作者： Yuf.ng Xie Michael f. Jackson John f. MacDonald Robarts Research Institute University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Department of.Physiology and Pharmacology University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Department of.Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Westem Ontario London Ontario Canada

As the major division of.the basal ganglia, neostriatum f.rms mutual connections with multiple brain areas and is critically involved in motor control and learning/memory. Long-term synaptic plasticity has been widely studied in dif.erent species recently. However, there are rare reports about the short-term synaptic plasticity in neostratium. In the present study, using f.eld excitatory postsynaptic potentials recording, we reported one f.rm of.short-term synaptic plasticity that is paired pulse depression in juvenile rat dorsal striatum slices induced by stimuli of.the white matter. The f.eld excitatory postsynaptic potentials could be abolished by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylizoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, but not by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist bicuculline or dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SKf.81297. The paired pulse depression in the corticostratial pathway was dif.erent f.om paired pulse f.cilitation in the hippocampal CA1 synapse. In addition, the paired pulse depression was not af.ected by bath application of.gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist or dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. However, low calcium and high magnesium could attenuate the paired pulse depression. These f.ndings suggest a more complicated plasticity f.rm in the dorsal striatum of.juvenile rats that is dif.erent f.om that in the hippocampus, which is related with extracellular calcium.

关键词： paired pulses depression dorsal striatum calcium juvenile rats

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Uncertainty relations f.r general phase spaces

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f.ontiers of.physics 2016年第3期11卷 51-60页

作者： Reinhard f. Werner Institut f.ir Theoretische Physik Leibniz Universitiit Hannover Germany

We describe a setup f.r obtain!ing uncertainty relations f.r arbitrary pairs of.observables related by a f.urier transf.rm. The physical examples discussed here are the standard position and momentum, number and angle, f.nite qudit systems, and strings of.qubits f.r quantum inf.rmation applications. The uncertainty relations allow f.r an arbitrary choice of.metric f.r the outcome distance, and the choice of.an exponent distinguishing, e.g., absolute and root mean square deviations. The emphasis of.this article is on developing a unif.ed treatment, in which one observable takes on values in an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group and the other in the dual group. In all cases, the phase space symmetry implies the eciuality of.measurement and preparation uncertainty bounds. There is also a straightf.rward method f.r determining the optimal bounds.

关键词： uncertainty relations phase space measurement uncertainty

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High Strain Rate Superplasticity in a Micro-grained Al-Mg-Sc Alloy with Predominant High Angle Grain Boundaries

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Journal of.Materials Science & Technology 2012年第11期28卷 1025-1030页

作者： f. C. Liu Z.Y. Ma f. C. Zhang Shenyang National Laboratory f.r Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016 China State Key Laboratory of.Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004China

f.iction stir processing （f.P） was applied to extruded AI-Mg-Sc alloy to produce f.ne-grained microstructure with a grain size of.2.2μm. Electron backscatter dif.raction （EBSD） result showed that the grain boundary misorientation distribution was very close to a random grain assembly f.r randomly oriented cubes. Super- plastic investigations in the temperature range of.425-500 ℃ and strain rate range of.1x100^-2-1x10 s^-1 showed that a maximum elongation of.1500% was achieved at 475 ℃ and a high strain rate of.1x100^-2-1x10 s^-1. The f.P AI-Mg-Sc exhibited enhanced superplastic def.rmation kinetics compared to that predicted by the constitutive relationship f.r superplasticity in f.ne-grained aluminum alloys. The origin f.r enhanced superplas- tic def.rmation kinetics in the f.P alloy can be attributed to its high f.action of.high angle grain boundaries （HAGBs）. The analyses of.the superplastic data and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） examinations on the surf.ces of.def.rmed specimens indicated that grain boundary sliding is the main superplastic def.rmation mechanism f.r the f.P AI-Mg-Sc alloy.

关键词： Superplasticity f.iction stir processing Aluminum Microstructure f.iction stir welding

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f.nite element simulation of.elastoplastic f.eldnear crack tips and results f.r a central crackedplate of.le-lhp material under tension

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第4期35卷 828-838页

作者： X. Ji f. Zhu School of.Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The elastoplastic f.eld near crack tips is investigated through f.nite element simulation.A ref.ned mesh model near the crack tip is proposed. In the mesh ref.ning area, element size continuously varies f.om the nanometer scale to themicrometer scale and the millimeter scale. Graphics of.the plastic zone, the crack tip blunting, and the def.rmed crack tip elements are given in the *** on the curves of.stress and plastic strain, closely near the crack tip, the stresssingularity index and the stress intensity f.ctor,as well as the plastic strain singularity index and the plastic strain intensity f.ctor are *** and plastic strainsingular index vary with the load, while the dimensions of.the stress and the plastic strain intensity f.ctorsdependon the stress and the plastic strain singularity index, respectively. The singular f.eld near the elastoplastic crack tip is characterized by the stress singularity index and the stress intensity f.ctor, or alternativelythe plastic strain singularity index and the plastic strain *** the end of.the paper, f.llowing Irwin’s concept of.f.acture mechanics,σδKσδKcriterion andεδQεδQcriterion are ***, crack tip angle criterion is also presented.

关键词： Crack f.acture mechanics Elastoplasticity f.nite element method Geometry Nonlinearity

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Semi-solid processing of.hypereutectic A390 alloys using novel rheof.rming process

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Transactions of.Nonf.rrous Metals Society of.China 2010年第9期20卷 1743-1748页

作者： M.TEBIB J.B.MORIN f.A JERSCH X.grant CHEN Université du Québec à Chicoutimi cole polytechnique de Montréal

The f.asibility of.semi solid processing of.hypereutectic A390 alloys using a novel rheof.rming process was investigated. A combination of.the swirl enthalpy equilibration device （SEED） process, isothermal holding using insulation and addition of.solid alloy during swirling was introduced as a novel method to improve the processability of.semi solid slurry. The ef.ects of.isothermal holding and the addition of.solid alloy on the temperature gradient between the centre and the wall and on the f.rmation of.a（Al） particles were examined. In additional tests, phosphorus and strontium were added to the molten metal to ref.ne the primary and eutectic silicon structure to f.cilitate semi solid processing. The results show that the combination of.the SEED process with two additional processing steps can produce semi-solid A390 alloys that can be rheoprocessed. The microstructure reveals an adequate amount of.non-dendritic a（Al） globules surrounded by liquid, which greatly improves the processability of.semi-solid slurry.

关键词： semi-solid f.rming rheof.rming process hypereutectic A390 alloys microstructure

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