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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1371-1397页

作者： Raf.el Marin ferro Renato Pavanello Coordination of.Mechanical Engineering Federal Institute of Science and Technology of ES-IFESAracruz-ES29192-733Brazil Department of.Computational Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUnicampCampinas-SP13083-860Brazil

This work analyzes the implementation of.a continuous method of.structural topology optimization(STO)using open-source sof.ware f.r all stages of.the topology optimization problem:modeling,sensitivity analysis and *** implementation involves three main components:numerical analysis using the f.nite Element Method(f.M),sensitivity analysis using an Adjoint method and an optimization *** order to allow the automated numerical solution of.Partial Dif.erential Equations(PDEs)and perf.rm a sensitivity analysis,f.niCS and Dolf.n Adjoint sof.ware are used as tools,which are open-source *** the optimization process,Ipopt(Interior Point OPTimizer)is used,which is a sof.ware package f.r nonlinear optimization scale designed to f.nd(local)solutions of.mathematical optimization *** topological optimization method used is based on the SIMP-Solid IsotropicMaterial with Penalization *** considered problem is the minimization of.compliance/maximization of.stif.ness,considering the examples of.recurrent structures in the literature in 2D and 3D.A density f.ltering algorithm based on Helmholtz f.rmulation is *** complete code involves 51 lines of.programming and is presented and commented in detail in this article.

关键词： Structural topology optimization f.nite element method f.niCS Dolf.n Adjoint

Emerging role of.the KRAS-PDK1 axis in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10752-10757页

作者： Riccardo ferro Marco f.lasca Queen Mary University of.London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Blizard Institute Inositide Signalling GroupUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive tumour that is very resistant to treatments and it is rarely diagnosed early because of.absence of.specif.c symptoms. Theref.re, the prognosis f.r this disease is very poor and it has the grim supremacy in terms of.unf.vourable survival rates. There have been great advances in survival rates f.r many types of.cancers over the past f.w decades but hardly any change f.r pancreatic cancer. Mutations of.the Ras oncogene are the most f.equent oncogenic alterations in human cancers. The f.equency of.KRAS mutations in pancreatic cancer is around 90%. Given the well-established role of.KRAS in cancer it is not surprising that it is one of.the most attractive targets f.r cancer therapy. Nevertheless, during the last thirty years all attempts to target directly KRAS protein have f.iled. Theref.re, it is crucial to identif. downstream KRAS ef.ectors in order to develop specif.c drugs able to counteract activation of.this pathway. Among the dif.erent signalling pathways activated by oncogenic KRAS, the phosphoinositide 3-Kinase(PI3K) pathway is emerging as one of.the most critical KRAS ef.ector. In turn, PI3 K activates several parallel pathways making the identif.cation of.the precise ef.ectors activated by KRAS/PI3 K more dif.icult. Recent data identif. 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 as a key tumour-initiating event downstream KRAS interaction with PI3 K in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Signal transduction KRAS Phosphoinositide 3-kinase 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1

Tokenomics and blockchain tokens: A design-oriented morphological f.amework

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 80-95页

作者： Pierluigi f.eni Enrico ferro Roberto Moncada Business Model Innovation LINKS FoundationTurin10138Italy

Blockchain technology has been around f.r more than ten years,nevertheless,the knowledge about its economic and business implications is still f.agmented and *** present article intends to tackle this issue with a twof.ld *** f.rst is an analysis of.the shif. f.om economics to tokenomics highlighting the central role played by tokens within blockchain-based *** second is a f.amework f.r tokens design leveraging a morphological analysis deeply grounded in the *** blockchain becomes a mainstream phenomenon,the value of.the work proposed lies in lowering the cognitive barriers and in clarif.ing the space of.available options f.r private and public actors willing to leverage tokenization in their daily operations.

关键词： Blockchain Tokenization Tokenomics Classif.cation f.amework Token design

Impaired endothelial progenitor cells mobilization: a novel concept f.r reduce post-ischemia neovascularization in diabetes

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上海医学 2007年第S1期30卷 59-60页

作者： Albert ferro Department of.Clinical Pharmacology Cardiovascular DivisionKing's College LondonLondon UK

Objective The aim of.the present study was to explore potential mechanism underlying reduced basal circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in diabetes, and to determine how diabetes impairs ischemia-induced mobilization of.bone marrow-derived EPCs. Methods Circulating c-Kit+/Sca-1+/f.k-1+ EPCs and CD31bright/Annexin V+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs) were analyzed by f.ow cytometry in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Results Compared with nondiabetic controls, diabetic mice had lower level of.circulating EPCs, higher level of.plasma EMPs, and increased ratio of.EMPs to EPCs. Circulating EMPs count and EPCs level were negatively associated with each other. In a hindlimb ischemia model, diabetes suppressed bone marrow-derived EPCs mobilization, accompanied by insuf.icient upregulaiton of.vascular endothelial growth f.ctor (VEGf. and over-activation of.matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) system. As a consequence, diabetic mice showed def.cient increase of.capillary density and hampered restoration of.transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) in the ischemic *** These results suggest that lower circulating EPCs level detected in diabetes may be partly attributed to consumptive loss of.EPCs due to increased endothelial damage. Impairment in ischemia-induced EPCs mobilization presents a novel mechanism f.r def.ctive post-ischemia neovascularization in diabetes.

关键词： mobilization progenitor EPCs streptozotocin circulating cytometry restoration underlying suppressed

Renal denervation as an option f.r the management of.hypertension

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The Journal of.Biomedical Research 2014年第1期28卷 18-24页

作者： Georgina Radhini Santiapillai Albert ferro Department of.Clinical Pharmacology Cardiovascular DivisionBritish Heart Foundation Centre of Research ExcellenceKing's College London

Hypertension is a multif.ctorial condition which makes the development of.treatment approaches dif.icult. The vast majority of.patients are treated with lif.style measures either alone or in combination with antihypertensive drugs, and this approach is largely successf.l in controlling blood pressure. However, f.r a subgroup of.patients, control of.blood pressure remains resistant to this approach and theref.re the development of.new strategies is im- perative. The sympathetic nervous system has been known to be implicated in hypertension f.r many decades, and evidence f.om studies in the past has revealed the benef.t of.reducing sympathetic nerve activity in the control of.blood pressure albeit with severe side ef.ects. Recent technological advances have allowed f.r specif.c targeting of.the renal sympathetic nerves by catheter ablation. The Symplicity HTN-1 and HTN-2 trials have provided strong evidence f.r renal denervation giving rise to considerable blood pressure reductions in treatment-resistant hyper- tensives and, due to the high incidence of.hypertension worldwide, this carries the promise of.f.rther reducing the global burden of.hypertension and its attendant complications. Here we review the evidence f.r renal denervation in the management of.hypertension.

关键词： hypertension renal denervation blood pressure

Advances in soil erosion research:Mechanisms,modeling and applications-A special issue in honor of.*** Nearing

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 589-591页

作者： Viktor Polyakov Claire Baf.aut Vito ferro Scott Van Pelt Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85718USA Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS241 Ag Engineering BuildingUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of.Agricultural Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoViale Delle ScienzeBuilding 490128PalermoItaly Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS38104th StLubbockTX79401USA

*** Long-term sustainability of.soils is one of.the critical challenges f.cing *** erosion is an intrinsic geomorphological pro-cess,which if.accelerated can threaten natural ecosystems and agri-culture through loss of.productivity,sedimentation,and associated *** ef.orts to mitigate these problems require changes in management practices and large *** puts special emphasis on understanding physical processes driving soil erosion,developing techniques f.r accurate estimation of.erosion rates and its on-site and of.-site impacts,as well as devel-oping new modeling,prediction,and management tools.

关键词： soil erosion driving

Exploring Alternatives to Create Digital Twins f.om and f.r Process Simulation

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Journal of.Computer Science Research 2024年第1期6卷 16-30页

作者： Jaime Barbero-Sánchez Alicia Megía-Ortega Víctor R.ferro Jose-Luis Valverde Department of.Chemical Engineering University of Castilla La ManchaAvda.Camilo JoséCela 12Ciudad Real13071Spain Department of.Chemical Engineering Autonomous University of MadridCantoblancoMadrid28049Spain

In this work,Digital Twins based on Neural Networks f.r the steady state production of.styrene were ***,both the Aspen Technology AI Model Builder(alternative 1)and a homemade MS Excel VBA code connected to Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus(alternative 2)were used with this same *** raw data used f.r generating the Digital Twins were obtained f.om process simulations using Aspen HYSYS and/or Aspen Plus,which were connected through a recycle-like stream via automation f.r solving the entire simulation *** HYSYS was used f.r solving the pre-heating,reaction,and stabilization sections of.the process whereas Aspen Plus ensured the computing of.the separation and purif.cation *** alternatives led to an excellent prediction showing the capability of.creating Digital Twins f.om and f.r process simulation.

关键词： Digital Twin Aspen Hybrid Model Builder Aspen HYSYS Aspen Plus Automation MS Excel-VBA

Hepatitis delta virus: f.om inf.ction to new therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2021年第24期27卷 3530-3542页

作者： Grazia A Niro Arianna ferro f.ancesca Cicerchia Isabella Brascugli Marilena Durazzo Department of.Gastroenterology IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital FoundationSan Giovanni Rotondo 71013Italy Department of.Medical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy

The hepatitis delta virus(HDV)is a small RNA virus that encodes a single protein and which requires the hepatitis B virus(HBV)-encoded hepatitis B surf.ce antigen(HBsAg)f.r its assembly and ***/HDV co-inf.ctions exist worldwide and show a higher prevalence among selected groups of.HBV-inf.cted populations,specif.cally intravenous drug users,practitioners of.high-risk sexual behaviours,and patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** chronic f.rm of.HDV-related hepatitis is usually severe and rapidly *** of.the viral inf.ction itself.including the status of.co-inf.ction or super-inf.ction,virus genotypes(both f.r HBV and HDV),and persistence of.the virus’replication,inf.uence the outcome of.the accompanying and manif.sted liver ***,disease severity is burdened by the lack of.an ef.ective cure f.r either virus *** decades,the main treatment option has been interf.ron,administered as mono-therapy or in combination with nucleos(t)ide *** its ef.icacy has been reported f.r dif.erent doses,durations and courses,only a minority of.patients achieve a sustained response,which is the f.undation of.eventual improvement in related liver *** need f.r an ef.icient therapeutic alternative *** ef.orts towards this end have led to new treatment options that target specif.c steps in the HDV lif. cycle;the most promising among these are myrcludex B,which inhibits virus entry into hepatocytes,lonaf.rnib,which inhibits f.rnesylation of.the viral-encoded LHDAg large hepatitis D antigen,and REP-2139,which interf.res with HBsAg release and assembly.

关键词： Hepatitis delta virus Hepatitis B virus Myrcludex Lonaf.rnib REP 2139

Autoimmune hepatitis treatment in the elderly: A systematic review

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2809-2818页

作者： Marilena Durazzo Giulia Lupi Michela ScANDella Arianna ferro Gabriella Gruden Department of.Medical Sciences University of Turin

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inf.ammatory liver disease with a high risk of.progression to liver cirrhosis. The initial treatment f.r AIH usually includes a steroid, with or without azathioprine. AIH can present at any age;however, the most ef.ective and saf. induction treatment f.r AIH in the elderly remains unclear. AIM To systematically review available data on both ef.ectiveness and saf.ty of.AIH treatments in elderly subjects. METHODS To identif. studies on AIH induction treatment in elderly patients (≥ 60 years of.age), an electronic research was perf.rmed (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases) until f.bruary 2019. Eligible studies were selected through screening of.titles and abstracts, f.llowed by f.ll-text critical evaluation. Af.er risk of.bias assessment, data on study designs, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS Among the 1736 retrieved papers, 15 studies were selected. Out of.them, eight studies were excluded because of.a critical risk of.bias. The remaining seven studies included 789 patients and out of.them 239 subjects were elders. f.rst-line treatment was a steroid either alone or in combination with azathioprine in most patients (87.6%) and only one study investigated the ef.ect of.combined steroid and mycophenolate mof.til therapy. Standard therapy was ef.ective in inducing remission in the elderly. Moreover, treatment f.ilure and relapses occurred less of.en in the elderly compared to younger *** Treatment of.AIH is challenging in elderly patients. This systematic review conf.rms the ef.icacy and saf.ty of.standard induction treatment f.r AIH in the elderly. Available evidence is insuf.icient to draw any conclusion on the ef.ect of.novel AIH treatments in elderly subjects.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Elderly patients Aged Steroids Azathioprine Mycophenolate mof.til

Ability of.soil bacterial composition as an indicator of.levels of.soil erosion in a badland

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International Journal of.Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 493-504页

作者： Gaetano Guida Vincenzo Palmeri Luca Settanni Raimondo Gaglio Marco Tolone Vito ferro Department of.Agricultural Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of Palermo

Calanchi(plural of.calanco) are typical Italian badlands created by a combination of.morphogenetic processes(rill and interrill erosion, gullying, piping, and mass movements) mainly originated by the ef.ect of.water. Calanchi are characterized by the sparse and patchy distribution of.vegetation, and, in interplant areas, the soil surf.ce is colonized by an association of.organisms known as biological soil crust(BSC). A morphometric analysis of.45 basins in the studied calanchi area, based on a high-resolution digital elevation model, showed those basins are sediment removal systems characterized by rapid and relevant erosion processes. The goal of.the current research is to evaluate the bacterial composition of.BSC and to recognize its signature of.land degradation processes in soil samples by a microbiological analysis(culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches). Soil bacterial distribution was investigated by a culture-independent approach, applying Illumina technology in soils with dif.erent vegetation cover. f.ur species were detected in site A(bare soil). In sites B(sparse vegetation) and C(densely vegetated soil) 19 and 18 bacterial taxa were detected, respectively. Sites B and C were characterized by 17 species in common. The microbial communities detected at sites B and C are typical of.environments unable to support vegetation and microorganisms that are not specialized to live in these environments. Biodiversity analysis of.the bacterial communities of.biocrusts, done using richness and evenness indices, conf.rmed that the composition of.the BSC communities can be a signature of.the intensity of.soil erosion processes.

关键词： Calanchi Biological soil crust Soil bacteria Vegetation cover Water erosion